PHYSICS ' ' I B2- Newto:n: ::>'""' -� . 7:�{� B·3- Moment of "'./1(1;! ,,' { , ; "np,t , , , • B4� Work, Energy6 P'o I"' .. •. BS- Mom1!ntum ·' B6- �rojectile Motion B7- Circular Motion B8-Gr,vitation al ce dse by-topic pastpaper DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. PA-HGl-M/02 HGl : Temperature, Heat and Intemal Energy 6. < BKCE 1989 Paper II - 20 > A heater supplies energy to a liquid of mass 0.5 kg and specific heat capacity 4000 J kg"" 1 0 C- 1 contained in a vessel of negligible heat capacity. Amu:iw that the heat exchange with the SUIIoundings can be neglected. If the temperature of the liquid rises from 10 ° C to 70 ° C in 100 s, the power of the heater is A. 200W B. 1200W C. 1400W D. 12000W 7. 8. •• Heater Water In the diagram shown, the water is :initially at room temperature. The electric heater is switched on for 300 s and then switched off. Which of the following graphs correcily describes the variation of the reading of the thermometer ? A Temperature/"C B. r.±b: . :I-. �:'. �--, ,.• 200 600 Time / s 200 400 600 D. Temperature/ °C zoo 400 An energy of 16500 J is supplied to a metal block of mass 0.5 kg and its rise in temperature is 64 "C. capacity of the metal is A. 16500x0.5 Jkg""l<>C-1 64+273 C. 1650 0 Jkg-l oC-l 64x 05 < HKCE 1993 Paper II - 16 > Water is used as a coolant in motor car engines because A water has a low specific heat capacity. B. water has a high specific heat capacity. C. water has a low specific latent heat of vaporization. D. water has a high specific latent heat of vaporization. B. 16500 x 64 Jkg'"l cc-1 05 D. 16500 Jkg""' oc-1 (64 + 273) X 0.5 600 Tbne/ s The specific heat DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. PA-HGl-M/01 HGl : Temperatw:e, Heat and Internal Energy The following list of formulae may be found useful : Energy transfer during heating or cooling E= mcb.T Part A : BKCE examination questions 1. < BK.CE 1980Paper II - 15> 2. 3. 4. 5. When a mercury thermometer is immersed in melting ice and then in steam, the lengths of the mercury thread in the stem are respectively 2 cm and 22 cm. When the thermometer is put in a water bath, the length of the thread is 11 cm. What is the temperature of the water bath ? A. 40 ° C B. 45 ° C C. 50 ° C D. 55 ° C < HKCE 1984 Paper II - 13 > An equal quantity of heat is supplied to each of the following substances and the corresponding rises in temperature are recorded. Which of the following substances has the smallest specific heat capacity? Substance Mass (kg) Rise in temperature {°C) A. B. c D. p Q R s 2.5 3.0 4.5 5.0 < BKCE 1986 Paper 11-16 > The heat capacity of an object depends on its (1) material (2) mass (3) shape A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (1) & (2) only D. (2) & (3) only 5 4 3 3 Which of the following pairs of objects have different specific heat capacities ? A. l kg ofwaterand2kgofwater B. 1 kg ofliquid naphthalene and 1 kg of solid naphthalene C. 1 kg of oil in a glass container and 1 kg of oil in a metal container D. 1 kg ofwater at 15 ° Cand 1 kg ofwater at30 ° C < HKCE 1988 Paper Il-12> The graph shows the relationship between temperature and ti.me when 1 kg ofa liquid is heated by a 500W immersion heater. Assuming no loss of heat, what is the specific heat capacity of the liquid 1 A. 0.01 Jkg-1 oc- 1 B. 250 J kg-I oc-1 C. 420 J 1cg-1 oC-1 D. 2500 J kg'" 1 0C- 1 temperature / °C 60 ---------------------- 40 20 0<0'----+----110--1+,--2 + 0-�• time/ s DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. HG1 : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy 1s. Temperature / °C 25 ----------------------- 20 15 10 5 o '-----------�---+ Time/s 20 40 60 PA-HGl-M/04 The graph shows the variation of the temperature of liquid with time when the liquid is heated by a 400 W heater. The mass of the liquid is 2 kg. Find the specific heat capacity of the liquid. Assume all the energy given out by the heater is absorbed by the liquid. A. 83 Jkg""l cc- 1 B. 480 Jkg-t oc- 1 C. 1200 J Jcg-1 oc-1 D. 2400Jicg- 1 0 C- 1 16. < BKCE 1998 Paper ll-19 > Which ofthe following statements about internal energy, heat and temperature is/are true? (1) The intemal energy of a body is a measure of the total kinetic energy and pctential energy of the molecules in the body. (2) Two bodies ofthe same temperature always have the same amount ofintemal energy. (3) Heat is a measure of the energy tnmsferred from one body to another as a result of temperature difference between the two bodies. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) & (3) o,Jy D. (2) & (3) only 17. Temperature Equal masses of liquids X, Y and Z are separately heated. The graph shows the variation of the energies absorbed by the liquids with their temperatures. Let ex, ey and cz be the specific heat capacities of X, Y and Z respectively. Which of the following relations is correct? A. cx = ey>cz B. cx = eycv = cz DSE Physics - Section A : MC. PA-HGl-M/03 HGI : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy 10. < HK.CE 1994 Paper II - 16 > An equal amount of energy is supplied to each of the following substance. Which one of them has the smallest rise in temperature ? Substance A. p B. Q C. R D. S Mau/kg 1 2 3 4 11. Specific heat capacity/ J kg'" 1 0c-1 4200 2300 2200 900 Which of the following statements about heat is/are true ? (1) Heat is used to descnDe the total enetgy stored in a body, (2) Heat is used to descnDe the energy transferred from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference between them. (3) A body's interoal. energy is increased when it is heated. A. (1) o,Jy B. (2) only C. (1J & (3) only D. (2) & (3) only 12. < HKCE 1996 Paper n- 18 > Which of the following phenomena concerning water can be explained by its high specific heat capacity ? (1) Water is used as a coolant in car engines. (2) Inland areas generally have hotter summers and colder winters than coastal areas of similar latitude and altitude. (3) The body temperature of human beings changes slowly even when the surrounding temperature changes sharply. A. (2) only B. (I) & (2) only C. (1) & (3) only D. (1), (2) & (3) 13. < HK.CE 1997 Paper II -19 > The apparatus is used to find the specific heat capacity of a liquid. Which of the following can improve the accuracy of the experiment? (1) Take the final temperature of the liquid immediately after switching offthe power supply. (2) Cover the cup with a lid. (3) Stir the liquid throughout the experiment. A. (1) only B. (1) & (2) only C. (2) & (3) only D. (1),(2)&@) 14. < HKCE 1997 Paper n- 20 > To power supply Thermometer Cup Liquid An heater with a power of 100 Wis used to heat 0.3 kg ofa liquid which has a specific heat capacity of 2000 J kg- 1 0 C-- 1 • Ji the initial temperature of the liquid is 23 ° C, find its temperature after 2 minutes. Assume all the energy given out by the heater is absorbed by the liquid. A. (� 23) ° C 03x2000 + C IO0x120x03 ) •c ( 2000 +23 B 03x2000x23x2 oc ( 100 ) D 03x2000 ) 'C <1oox120 +23 DSE Physics - Section A: M.C. PA-HGl-M/06 HGl : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Questions 21 and 22 : The specific beat capacity of a metal is measured using the following method: Step 2: ! /n Hotmetalblock i� Cup Thennometer d w"°' A metal block is first immersed in boiling water for some time. The block is then transferred to a cup of cold water. After a while, the temperature ofthe water is measu:red. 21. The result ofthe experiment is as follows : Mass of metal block= 0.8 kg Mass of water in the cup = 0.3 kg Initial temperature of water inthe cup = 23 ° C FinaltemperatureofwaterintheCllp = 38"C Find the specific heat capacity offue metal (m J k:g-1 CC-1). (Given: Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J !qf 1 0C- 1 ,) A. 236 B. 381 c. 622 D. 9S3 22, The result obtained in the last question is found to be higher than the true value of the specific heat capacity of the metal. Which oftbe following is a probable reason? A. Some bot water is still adhered to the metal block when the block is transferred to the cold water. B. Some energy is lost to the sun;oundings when the metal block is transfmcd to the cold water. C. Some energy is absorbed by the cup. D. The temperature of the metal block is still higher than 38 ° C when the final temperature of the water in the cup is mo""""1 23. < BKCE 2003 Paper ll-19 > Ifthere is no heat flow between two bodes when they are in contact, then the two bodies must have the same A. temperature. B. intemal energy. C. specific heat capacity. D. specific latent heat ofvaporization. 24. < HKCE 2003 Paper ll- 22 > A student uses an electric kettle to heat 0.5 kg of water at 20 ° C. The water boils in 4 minutes. Estimate the output power of the Jrettle. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg"1 0 C- 1• A. 175W B. 700W C. 875W D. 1400W DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. PA-HGl-M/05 HG 1 : Temperature, Heat and Inte.tna1 Energy 18. An objectP bal;. a higher temperature than. another object Q. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The internal energy ofP must be higher than that of Q. (2) The specific heat capacity ofP must be higherthan that of Q. (3) There will be a heat flow from P to Q when they are in contact. A. (3) only B. (1) & (2) only C. (2) & (3) only D. (1), (2) & (3) 19. Equal amount of four difierent liquids are separately heated at the same rate. The initial temperatures of the liquids are all 20 ° C. The boiling points and specific heat capacities of the liquids are shown below. 'Which one of the following liquids will boil first? Liquid Boiling point/ 0C A. p 50 B. Q 60 c. R 80 D. s 360 20. Immersion heater Specific heat capacity/ J i.g- 1 0C- 1 1000 530 850 140 ...--Copper block The apparatus shown is used to measure the specific heat capacity of a cylindrical copper block. The result of the experiment is as follows : Mass ofcopperblock mkg Initial temperature 21 ° c Final temperature 47 ° c Initial joulemeter reading R,J Finalj oulemeter readlllg R,J Which of the fol lowing expressions gives the specific heat capacity of copper in J kg·l 0 C- 1 ? A. m(Ri_ -R i ) 26 B. R,-R,_ 26m c. R,_ -R, 26m D. m(R, ·R,_) 26 DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. PA-HGl-M/08 HGl : Temperature, Heat and Int.emal Energy 30. The fi gure shows the t=pcerature-time graph oftwo objectsXand Y when they are heated at the same power. Which of the following deductions are correct ? (I) The heat capacity ofX is smaller, (2) IfX and Y are made of the same material, the mass of X is smaller. (3) The specific heat capacity ofXis smaller. A. (1) & (2) oruy B. (I) & (3) oruy c. (2) & (3) only D. (1), (2) & (3) 31. Temperature/ °C X y o '- ------➔ Time/ minute Two liquids Xand Y are heated by two different heaters. The energy supplied, the mass of the liquid and the temperature rises are recorded as follows. Liquid¾ LiquidY :Energy supplied/ J 24000 18000 Mass/kg 0,3 02 Telllperature rise/ "C 20 25 Wbich of the following statements are correct? (1) The heat capacity of Xis larger than that ofY. (2) The specific heat capacity of Xis larger than that of.Y. (3) Toe heat capacity ofX determined remains the same if the experiment is repeated by doubling the mass ofX A. (!) & (2) on1y B. (!) & (3) on1y C. (2) & (3) on1y D. (1),(2)&(3) Part B : Supplemental exercise 32. What is the advantages ofusingniercury in a liquid-in-glass thermometer? (l) It expands evenly with rise .in temperature. (2) It is liquid over a convenient range. (3) Itis mmsparent. A. (!) & (2) only B. (1) & (3) only c. (2) & (3) on1y D. r), (2) & (3) 33, Which of the following can increase the heat capacity ofa cup of water? (I) Increase the mass of the water (2) Increase the temperature of the water (3) Change the water to another cup A. (1) only B. (3) only C . (1) & (2) only D. (2) & (3) on1y DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. HG 1 : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy 25. Four liquids P, Q, Rand Swith the same mass are heated at the same rate. The graph below shows the variation of their temperatures with time. Which liquid has the highest specific heat capacity? A. p B. Q C. R D. S 26. < BKCE 2008 Paper II-35 > Temperature/ °C What physical properties does the temperature ofan object represent? (1) A measure of the degree ofhotness of the object. (2) A measure of the intemal energy of the object. (3) A measure of the average kinetic energy ofthe molecules of the object A. (1)& (2) on1y B. (I) & (3) oruy C, (2) & (3) oruy D. (1), (2) & (3) 27. < HK.CE 2008 Paper II -10 > A 100 W immersion heater is used to heat 0.5 kg of water, which is thennonleter being stirred by a stirrer. After 3 minutes, the water temperature increases from 25 ° C to 30 ° C. What is the estimated energy loss in this period? Given: specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg--1 °C- 1 stin'er A. 7500 J B. 10500 J PA-HGl-M/07 C. 18000 J beaker--16�.!::'.:J D. 285001 28. Which of the following descriptions about internal energy are correct? (1) Different masses ofwater at the same temperature lwve the same amount of .internal energy. (2) A copper block has greater interoal energy when it is hot than when it is cold (3) Water at 0 ° C has greater internal energy than a block of ice of the same mass at O O C. A. (1) & (2) only B. (!) & (3) on1y C. (2) & (3) only D. (!), (2) & (3) 29. A bottle of 0.5 kg water and a bottle of 0 .75 kg water have been stored in a refrigerator for a few days. Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The temperatures of the two bottles of water are equal. (2) The average kinetic energy ofthe water molecules in the two bottles is equal (3) The total potential en.e:rgy ofthe water molecules in the two bottles is equal A. (I) & (2) only B. (1) & (3) only C. (2) & (3) on1y D. (1), (2) & (3) 41. DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. PA-HGl-M/10 HGl : Temperature, Heat and Jnterna1 Energy R/fJ. 8.4 3.6 --------------------- �-------�-+8!°C 0 100 The variation of electrical resistance can be used to determine temperature . Suppose a thermistor has resistances of 8.4 n and 3.6 0 at ice point and steam point respectively, Assume that the change of resistance with temperature is unifonn as shown in the figure . W'hat would be the temperature if the resistance of the of the metal wire is 5.8n? A. 42"C B. 46 ° C C. 54"C D. 58 ° C Part C : HKDSE examination questions 42. < BKDSE Practice Paper IA - 2 > In the figure below, a training pool B is located next to the main pool A. The training pool B has a smaller area and is shallower. If the pools are underthe sunlight at the same time, which of the following statements about the rise in the water temperature of the two pools is correct? Assume that the initial water temperatures of the pools are the same. training poolB main poolA A. The water temperature of training poolB rises faster because it is shallower. B. The water temperature of training poolB rises faster beeause it has a smaller surface area. C. The watertemperature of main pool A rises faster because it is deeper. D. The water temperature of Illall1 pool A rises faster because it has a largersurface area. 43. < BKDSE Practice Paper IA - 3 > Peter adds 50 g of milk at20 ° Cto 350 g of tea at 80 ° C, what is the final temperature of the mixture? Given: Specific heat capacity ofmilk = 3800 J kg- 1 0 C- 1 Specific heat capacity oftea = 4200J kg-1 OC- 1 A . 50.0 ° C B. 72.5 ° C c. 73.l ° C D. 77.4 ° C DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. HGl : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy 34. What happens when a cup of water at room temperature is heated 'I (1) An increase in the total nwnber of water molecules (2) An increase in molecular size (3) An increase in the average kinetic energy of the molecules A. (1) only B. (3) only C. (!) & (2) only D. (2) & (3) only 35. Which of the following physical properties cannot be used to measure temperature? A. Liquid volume B. Resi.statlce ofmetal C. Mass D. Gas pressure PA-HGl-M/09 36. The length between the 0 ° Cmarkand·tbe lO0"Cmark is 20 cm. 'When the mercury level is S cm below the l00"C mark. the temperature is A. 25 ° C B. S0 ° C c. 60 ° C D. 75 ° C 37. When a mercury thermometer is immersed in melting ice, the length of the mercury thread is 2 cm. When it is put into the steam above boiling water, the length of the thread is found to be 24 cm. What is the difference between each 1 °C mark on the thennometer 'I A. 0.22cm B. 0.24cm C. 2.20cm D. 22.0cm 38. Heat is supplied at the same rate to equal amo1mt of water and oil placed in similar containers. The temperature of the oil rises faster. Which of the following is the possiDle reason 'I A Oil has a lower density than water . B. Oil has a higher boiling point than water. C. Oil bas a smaller specific beat capacity than water. D. Oil evaporates less readily than water. 39. It talces 8 minutes to raise the temperature of2 kg of a liquid by 40"Cusing a 2.5 kW heater . How long would it take to raise the temperature of 4 kg of the liquid by 20"Cusing a 5.0 kW heater? (Assume no heat loss to the surroundings.) A 2minutes B. 4minutes C. 16 minutes D. 32minutes 40. A beaker contains 0.5 kg of water at 60 ° C. A cup containing 0.3 kg of water at 18 ° Cis poured in1D the beaker. When the mixture reaches the final common temperature, 200 J ofheat is lost to the surroundings. Calculate the final temperature of the mixture. Given : specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg- 1 "C- 1 • A. 3S.6�C B. 44.2 ° C C. 48.5 ° C D. 54.2 ° C DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. PA-HGl-M/12 HGl : Temperature, Heat and Inlemlll Energy 47. <.BKDSE2015PaperIA-2> 80 60 40 20 X y o�---------• ti, Two objects Xand Y are heated separately by heaters of the same power. They are made of the same material, shows the variation of temperature 0ofX and Ywith time I. What is the ratio of mass ofXto that of Y? A. 3: 1 B. 2: I C. 1 :2 D. 2:3 48. The graph An electric kettle which ccntains I kg of water at room temperature takes 168 s to heat up the water to boiling point. The kettle's rated value is '220 V, 2000 W'. Assume that all the electrical energy consumed by the kettle is 1Iansf The graph below show how the electrical resistance R of three different circuit elements change with temperature B. Whicli of the cireu.i.t elements can be used to measure temperature ? (1) (2) (3) ·�·" '6,.,, A (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) & (3) only D. (2) & (3) only 45. Two metal blocks X and Y of the same mass and of initial temperatures 40 ° C and 30 ° C respectively are in good thermal eontact as shovm.. The specific heat capacity of Xis greater than that of Y. Which statements is correct when a steady state is reached? Assume no heat loss to the smroundings. I 40'C I 30'C BlockX Block Y A. The temperature ofblockX is higher than that ofblock Y. B. Their temperature becomes the same and is lower than 35 ° C. C. Their temperature becomes the same and is higher than 35 ° C. D. Their temperature becomes the same is equal to 35 ° C. 46. 'When two objects P and Qare in contact, heat flows fromPto Q. P must have a higher (1) temperature. (2) intemal energy. (3) specific heat capacity. A. (1) ooly B. (3) only C. (1) & (2) only D. (1) & (3) only 6. B DSE Physics • Section A : MC. Solution HGl : TemperatUre, Heat and Internal Energy By E=Pt=mcl::.T P (100) = (05)(4000)(70-10) P= 1200W PA-HGl-MS/02 7. D At time= 300 s, the heater is still hot and still transfers heat to the water :. water temperature rises fora short while as shown in C and D A short while after the heater switched off, water starts to cool down, the temperature of water drops and finally equals the initial room temperature asshowh in D. 8. C By E=mct:.T c = _!E_ = � Jkg-1 oc-1 m·aT 0.5x64 9. B Water, withbigh specific heat capacity, can absorb large amoun.t of the heat in the engine. :. Waterisused ascoolant. 10. C 11. 12. By E=mct:.T :. M'=_!_�_l_ m•c m·c :. The smallest rise in temperature corresponds to the largest product of mass and specific heat capacity. : R would be the substance with the smallest rise in temperature. D X (1) ✓ (2) ✓ (3) D ✓ (1) ✓ (2) ✓ (3) lntemal energy is the total energy stored in a body, heat is a process to transfer energy. It is the definition of heat When a body is heated, energy is transferred to the body and its internal energy must increase. Water has a high specific heat capacity to absorb beat in car e.ngines. Since water has a high specific beat capacity, its temperature change is smaller and thus coastal areashave less change of temperature while inland areashave larger change of temperature between summer and winter. Since human beings contain large amount ofwater and water bas a high specific heat capacity, therefore, body temperature changes more slowly than the surroundings. DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. Solution HGl : TemperatUre, Heat and Intemal Energy PA-HGl-MS/01 HKEAA's MatkiDg Scheme is prepared for tho mad:ets' refetence. It should not be :regaroed as a set of model answetS. Students and 1eachers who are not illwh'edin tbe.znar.kmg process ate advised to int:elpretthe Madcini: Scheme with cme. M.C. Answers 1. B 11. D 21. B 31. A 41. C 2. D 12. D 22. A 32. A 42. A 3. C 13. C 23. A 33. A 43. C 4. B 14. A 24. B 34. B 44. D 5. B 15. C 25. C 35. C 45. C 6. B 16. C 26. B 36. D 46. A 7. D 17. D 27. A 37. A 47. C 8. C 18. A 28. C 38. C 48. C 9. B 19. B 29. A 39. B 10. C 20. C 30. A 40. B M.C. Solution I. 2. 3. 4. 5. B By 0 £-£a WO = e i oo -.e o D By c=_!_oc-1 - m-!::,.T m·l::,.T 0 11-2 100 = 22-2 0 = 45"C :. The smallest specific heat capacity corresponds to the largest product of mass and rise in temperature. .·. S would be the substance with the smallest specific heat capacity. C As heat capacity = mass x specific beat capacity ( C = m c) B ✓ B Heat capacity depends on mass m and the material c but does not depend on shape. A B. C. D. Same type of material (water) bas the same specific beat capacity. Different states of the same substance have different specific beat capacities. Specific heat capacity is independent of the container Specific beat capacity is independent of the temperature By B=Pt=mc!::,.T (500) (20) = (1) , (60 - 20) c = 250 J kg- 1 "C- 1 20. C DSE Physics · Section A : M.C. Solution HG1 : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Since E=mcl::,,T (�-R1) = mc(47-21) PA-HGl-MS/04 21. B Heat lost by the metal block = heat gained by water (0.8) '> (100- 38) - (03) (4200)(38- 23) Cl,= 381 J� l "C- 1 22. A 23. 24. 25. 26. By q,=m., c ,,, !::..T w mbMi, ✓ A A B. C. D. Ifsomehotwatcr is adhered to the metal block, l::,.Tw is greater and thus Cb is higher than the true value. Ifsome energy is lost to the surroundin gs , !:.Tw is smaller and 1:lrus Cb should be lower than the true value. If some energy is absorbed by the cup, LlTw is smaller and thus ci, should be lower than the tru.e value. If the temperature of the metal block is stillhighertban 38 ° C when the water reaches 38 ° C, heat gained by the water is smaller and thus 4.Tw is smaller :. ci, should be lower than the true value. Heat must flow from a body ofhigher temperature to a body oflower tempetatu:re until they are at the same temperature. Ifthere is no :heat flow, the two bodies must be at the smne temperature. B E = m c Af' = (0.5)(4200)(100-20) = 168 000 J P = §_ = 168000 = ?00W C I 4x60 ByE=Pt=mc!J.T Slope = !J.T = L ec ..!. t me c Since R bas the smallest slope, R has the highest specific heat capacity c. B ✓ ✓ (1) (2) (3) Temperature is a measure of the degree ofhotness of an object. Internal energy depends on temperat'll:re, but also depends on mass, material and state. Temperature and average kinetic energy ofthe molecules are int.er-related. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. C (1) DSE Physics · Section A : M.C. Solution HGl : Temperature, Heat and Interruu Energy Heater is still hot and still ttansfersheat to the liquid after switched off Thus the temperature should not be taken immediately PA-HGl -MS/03 but should wmt for a short while until the liquid reaches the final temperature. ✓ ✓ A (2) (3) Covering the cup with a lid can reduce energy loss to surmundings and improve the aceuracy Stirring can ensure uniform temperature ofthe liquid By E""Pt = mc/J.T (100)(2 x 60) - (0.3)(2000)(T- 23) T=(�+23) 0 c 0.3 x2000 C By E=Pt= mcliT .. (400)(60) = (2), (25-15) c = 1200 J kg-1 0C- 1 C ✓ ✓ D (1) (2) (3) It is the dclinition ofintemal. energy. Two bodies of different masses have different internal energy even if they are at the same temperature. It is the definition of heat. As E""mcAT slope = ..!!_=mco::c ST As slope ofX > slope of Y "" slope ofZ cx>ey = cz. A ✓ B (1) (2) (3) Internal energy also depends on mass of the body and the type of material. SinceP and Qare two different objects, they should have clifferent specific heat capacity. Heat would always flow from a body ofhigh temperature to another body of lower-temperature. By E=Pt=mc!:.T :. t = � o:: c-liT p where ATis the difference oftemperatures between the boiling point and 20 ° C Among the four liquids, Q has the smallest c /J.T, thus Q boils fust. 33. A ✓ (1) (2) (3) DSE Physics • Section A : M.C. Solution HGl : Temperature, Heat and Inrernal Energy Heat capacity = mass x specific heat capacity Heat capacity is independent of the tempetature ofthe object Heat capacity is independent of the container PA-HGl-MS/06 34. B 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. (1) (2) (3) Total number of water molecules should remain unchanged. Molecular size would not in.crease when temperature is increased. ✓ When water is heated. its temperature increases; thus the average K.E. of water mokcules increases. C ✓ A The expansion of liquid causes the liquid volume to increase with temperature ✓ B. Resistance of metal increases with temperature. X c. Mass remaios constatlt when temperature increases. ✓ D. Gas pressure in a fixed container increases with temperature. D Ifthe mercury level is 5 cm below lOO o C marl., then it is 15 cm above 0 ° C mark. By.!._=� 8 15 0=7s o c 100 £100 -£ 0 100 = 20 A Length of mercmy thread between 0 ° c mark and 100 ° C mark = 24 - 2 = 22 cm Length of mercury thread between each 1 "C marlc = � = 0.22cm 100 C By E=mc/::.T a smaller value of specific heat capaci1,y c causes a greater :rise of temperature AT. B By E=Pt=mcAT mct:.T mAT t=--oc-- B p p (8) = (2). (40). (5.0) ( 4) (20) (2.5) .t = 3-.Ei..� t, m, 6T, .. t i = 4 minutes Heat lost by the bot water= beat gained by the cold water + beat lost to surroundings .-. (O.S)(4200) (60- 0) = (0.3)(4200) (0-18) + (200) :. e = 44.2 ° c 27. A Q) "' DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. Solution HGl : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy E = Pt = (100)(3 x 60) = 18000 J E = m c !::.T = (0.5) (4200) (30 - 25) = 10500 J PA-HGl-MS/05 @ Energy loss = 18000-10500= 7500 J 28. C ✓ ✓ 29. A ✓ ✓ 30. A ✓ ✓ X 31. A ✓ ✓ 32. A ✓ ✓ X (1) (2) (3) (!) (2) (3) (1 ) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) Internal energy depends on the mass ofwater, water of greater mass contains more internal energy. Jntenwl energy depends on temperature, water ofhigher temperature contains more intemal. energy. Internal energy depends on tlte state, water at liquid state contains more internal energy than that in solid state. After a long time, the temperature of the water should be same as the environmental temperature, i.e. temperature inside the refrigerator, thustheir temperatures should be equal Average kinetic energy depends on the temperature, thustheir average KE is equal Total PE depends on the state, and also depends on the number of molecules, the bottle containing greater mass of water has more molecules, thus it has more total PE. ByE=Pt=CAf' :.slope= 6.T =fccl. t C C ObjectXbas greater slope, thusXhas smaller beat capacity C. If they are made of the same material, they have the same specific heat capacity c. By C = me oc: m AI> XhasthesmallerC,Xbasthe smaller massm. As the two objects may have different masses, their relation of specific heat capacity c C3mlot be known. C= . .§._ AT c = 2- m•AT Cx=�=1200J 0 C- 1 and Cy = �=720J 0 C- 1 :. Cx>Cy 20 25 .. ex= 24000 = 4000Jkg'"tcc-t and ey= 18000 = 3600Jkg-1cc-1 :. cx>ey 0.3x20 0.2x25 Heat capacity depends on the mass. If the mass is doubled, the beat capacity will also be doubled. Mercury expands uniformly when temperature rises. Mercury :remains as liquid at least from 0 ° C to 100 ° c which is suitable for our daily application. Mercury is opaque. 47. C By Pt= mct:,,B DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. Solution HGl : TemperatUre, Heat and Internal Energy PA-HGl-MS/08 Since the two objects are made of the same material, they have the same specific heat capacity c. For the same time t and same power P, mx.:tny = t.0y:tl8x = (60-40):(60-20) = 20:40 = I :2 41. 42. C DSE Physics - Section A : M.C. Solution HGl : Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy PA-HGl-MS/07 0 = S.B-S.4 x 100 = 54 ° C 3.6-8.4 A ✓ A. B. C. D. Since pooIB is shallower, the mass of water is Jess, by E-:. m c t:,,T, the rise of temperature is taster. PoolB absorbs Jess solar energy due to the SJDaller surface area. it is not the reason for the faster rise ofteinperature. Since pool A is deeper, the mass of water is more, thus the rise oftemperatw:e should not be faster. Although pool A absorbs more solar energy due to latger sur:face area, larger surlace area also implies more mass, thus fue rise oftemperature cannot be faster. 43. C By conservation of energy and assume no heat lost to the container and SUirOUil.ding air. Heat gained by the milk "" heatlost by the tea (0.050) (3800)(0-20) • (0.350)(4200) (80- 0) .. 0 = 73.1 ° C 44. D ✓ ✓ 45. C (1) (2) (3) Since the resistance is constant and does not change with the ten:Jperature, it is not suitable. As the resistance increases with the temperature, it is suitable to be used to measure temperature. As the resistance decreases with the temperature, itis suitable to be used to measure temperatm:e. At steady state, the temperature must be the same. By conservation of energy and assume no heat lost to the surroundings. Heat lost by blockX = heat gained by block Y mcx.ATx = meyt:J'y :. ex > cv :. ATx < aTy Thus, the final temperature should be closer to 40 ° C, that is, higherthan35 ° C. 46. A ✓ (!) (2) (3) Heat must flow :from object ofhighedemperature to that oflower temperature. Thus, temperature of Pil'.lllSt be higher than that ofQ. A body may have less internal energy than another body but higher temperature. Thus, no conclusion can be drawn about the internal energy of P and Q. The specific heat capacity depends on the material Different specific heat capacity would not affect the direction of flow of heat II DSE Physics - Section A : Question HGl : Temperature, Heat & Internal Energy PA-HGl - QI 02 II 2. < BK.CE 1986 Paper I - 4 > The below figure shows the apparatus which may be used to measure the specific heat capacity ofwater. --ti 12V O' 0 0 � Polystyrene cup Them,mn'°"' Low voltage supply (a) Draw a simple diagram to show how the apparatus can be set up for the experiment. (b) The following are readings taken in the experiment: Theratingoftbe heater 12 V 40W Mass ofwaterused = 200 g Initial temperature ofthe water Final temperature of the water Time taken to heat up the water 25.1 ° C 53.2 c c 10 minutes (7 marl<,) (i) Calculate the specific beat capacity of water as measured from the experiment, given that the waq:t is we11-stined throughout the experiment. (ii) Give two reasons vvby a polystyrene cup should be used in the experiment. (iii) Why should the water be stirred throughout the experiment ? (c) Descn"be, with the aid ofa diagram, a method to check whether the power output of the heater is 40 W. Show how the actual power output of the heater can be calculated. (5 marks) Diagram DSE Physics - Section A : Question HGl : Temperature, Heat & Internal Energy The folloWUlg list of formulae may be found useful : Energy transfer during heating or cooling Part A : BKCE examination questions 1. < HKCE 1984 Paper I - 4 > Thexmoroeter Lid - LiquidX To joulemeter Ill�-+-"'- E= mco:I' TCIIlperature / °C PA-HGl-Q/01 The figure 1 above shows an experimental set-up to find the specific heat capacity of a liquid. The liquid X, contained in the plastic cup, is heated from room temperature by an innnersion heater. The energy transferred through the beater is measured by ajoulell1eter. The heater is switched on for 330 sand then switched off. The variation ofth.e temperature of the liquidX with time is plotted in a graph shown in figure 2. (a) After the heater is switched off. the temperailtte of the liquid rises for a while and then falls. Bxplajn why. (3 marks) (b) What is the maximum increase in the tempcmtnre ofliquidX in this experiillent ? (2n,,,h) (c) The initial and final readings ofthejoulemeter are 74050 J and 83770 J respectively. The mass of the liquid Xis 0.2 kg. What is the specific heat capacity of the liq:uid, as fuund from this experiment 'l Assume the heat capacity of the apparatus and the heat lost to the SUIIoundings are negligible. (4 marks) (d) Although the plastic cup is made of poor conducting material, some energy is still lost to the swroundings. Should the result obtamed in (c) be higher or lower than the true value of the specific heat capacity of the liquid X? Explam. briefly. (3 marks) (e) If a student forgets to cover the plastic cup with the lid, would he expect the maximum increase in temperature to be higher than, equal to or lowertha:o. the value obtained in (b)? E xp lain briefly. (3 marks) DSE Physics - Section A : Question HGl : Temperature, Heat & Intern.al Energy 4. FlaskA Ca,bon dioxide Ak FI,,kB PA-HGl - Q/04 The fi gur e above shows the appa?atus of an experiment to study the abscn:ption of solar energy by gases. Identical flasks A andB are filled with carbon dioxide and air respectively. They are placed under sunlight and their temperatures are taken at 3-nrillute intervals. The results are as follows: TllllC / murutes 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 T....,..,erature :inA I °C 28.0 38.4 44.0 46.2 47.8 48.8 48.8 TFfflnmture in BI °C 28.0 37.7 41.8 43.7 452 46.0 46.0 (a) Using a scale that 2 cm represents 5 ° C mi 2 cm represents 3 minutes, plot the temperature-time graphs for carbon dioxide and air on the same graph paper. (5 marks) (b) Why does each of the gases reach a steady temperature? (2.marks) (c) The mass of carbon dioxide in :flask A is 0.00196 kg and the mass of air in flask B is 0.00125 kg. The specific heat capacities of carbon dioxide and air are 640 J kg- 1 0 C- 1 and 740 J kg- 1 0 C- 1 respectively. Which flask of gas gains more energy to reach its steady temperature ? Show your calculations. (5 Jlll!IXS) DSE Physics - Section A : Question HGl : Temperature, Heat & Intern.al Energy 3. < HKCE 1987 Paper I- 6 > The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg- 1 0C- 1 (a) What does this statement mean? PA-HGI -Q/03 (b) Describe briefly, with the aid ofa diagram, an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of water. (5 madcs) Diagram. ( c) A kettle with 1.6 kg of water is placed on top of an electric heater at 1000 W. It takes 14 minutes for the temperature of the water to increase from 2o<'C to 100 ° C. (i) Find (I) the energy released by the heater, and (II) the energy absorbed by the water d>Jring that time. (ii) Give TWO reasons to account fur the difference of the values you obtained in (i) and (ti). (d) The specific heat capacity of water is higher than most of the other liquids. Name TWO practical importance of this in daily life. (2 marks) II DSE Physics · Section A : Question HG 1 : Temperature, Heat & Internal Energy PA-HGl -Q / 06 II 6. < BK.CE 2000 Paper I- 8 > lvJ. electric heater has two settings : 'Low' and 'High'. The power output ofthe heater is 1400 W at the 'Low' setting and 2200 Wat the 'High' setting. The heater is used to cook an egg. The egg is first put into apot contaming 1 kg ofwater and the heater is operated at the 'High' setting. (See the above figure.) The temperature of the wate.r is recorded every 30 s and th e following results are obtained: Ti!lle tis T 0/ ° C 0 27 30 32 60 44 90 57 120 69 150 81 180 92 210 98 (a) Using a scale ofl cm to 5 ° C and 1 cmto 15 s,plotagraphof 0 agaiasttongrapbpaper. :):i:j:J: +.+ 240 100 (4marks) . DSE Physics - Section A : Question PA-HGl -Q / 05 HGl : Temperature, Heat & Intemal Energy 4. (d) Each year the amount ofcarbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased by billions of tons. 5. (i) Suggest a possi'ole effect on the mean temperature of the Earth. (ii) Suggest two methods to reduce the amount ofcarbon dioxide in the atmosphere. A student uses the experimental set-up shown in the below figure to :find the specific heat cap.acity of a metal. The cylindrical metal block is heatedby an .immetsion heater of UDknown power. The following results are obtained: Mass oflhetal block 1 kg Initial temperature ofmetal block "' 29 ° C Final temperature ofmetal block Energy supplied by the heater 41 ° C 12300 J To power supply --- �t�:1:� t}:'}X �;;{} A student pezfo;rms an experiment with the setup in the below Figure to measure the specific heat capacity of a IiquidX The joul.emete:r in the figure is used to measure energy consumed by the immersion heater. to power supply joulemeter input thennommr well :lns'\llated container liquu!X The increase in the reading of the

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