Presented here are scientific reports which add considerable information to the area of early stage ovarian cancer detection and the application of this detection to ovarian cancer screening. In this volume, the following presentations are made:1) The performance of different ultrasound-based International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) strategies is analyzed to discriminate between early stage ovarian malignancy and benign abnormalities of the ovary.2) Since oophorectomy confers protection against ovarian cancer, when adjustment for oophorectomy was made, rates of ovarian cancer were substantially higher.3) The frequency of symptoms relevant to ovarian cancer was found to be more than two-hundred times higher than the occurrence of ovarian cancer and it was found that 80.1% of women expressed confidence in the symptoms they reported.4) Complications resulting from surgery performed in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program were infrequent and significantly fewer than reported in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. Complications observed were mostly minor (93%) and were more common in cancer versus non-cancer surgery.5) Arguments in favor of serial ultrasonography as an alternative to immediate surgery are presented and illustrate the benefits of surveillance.6) Ten critical considerations for ovarian cancer screening are presented in depth, highlighting their important bearing on ovarian screening outcomes and their interpretations.7) Considerations that have psychological and behavioral impacts on individuals participating in ovarian screening suggest that a “normal” screening test result can have psychological benefits, including an increased positive effect and beliefs in the efficacy of screening.8) The efficacy of ovarian cancer screening may be higher in Asia than in Europe and the USA. Additionally, the re-analysis of PLCO screening data, when cancers presenting more than one year after screening are excluded, shows a significant survival benefit in the PLCO screening trial.9) The effect that ovarian cancer has on patients and their families is examined from the perspective of a first-year resident in Obstetrics and Gynecology.10) The 50-year history of biomarkers and ultrasound in the context of ovarian cancer indicates the importance of serial application of both biomarkers and ultrasound. Taken together, this volume provides both original data and overviews of ovarian cancer screening studies that enhance the present interpretation of this type of screening.
This book is a multidisciplinary work that investigates the notion of posthumous harm over time. The question what is and when is death, affects how we understand the possibility of posthumous harm and redemption. Whilst it is impossible to hurt the dead, it is possible to harm the wishes, beliefs and memories of persons that once lived. In this way, this book highlights the vulnerability of the dead, and makes connections to a historical oeuvre, to add critical value to similar concepts in history that are overlooked by most philosophers. There is a long historical view of case studies that illustrate the conceptual character of posthumous punishment; that is, dissection and gibbetting of the criminal corpse after the Murder Act (1752), and those shot at dawn during the First World War. A long historical view is also taken of posthumous harm; that is, body-snatching in the late Georgian period, and organ-snatching at Alder Hey in the 1990s.
What was the function of representing deities and also humans in the ancient Near-East? Which were the different ways of making gods visible, and the specific functions of these representations? Might these material and visual representations help us to better understand official cults, as well as private cults? What was the role of images in the royal cult? Was the king the only “image” of the gods, or could all humans fulfill this role? Why were cult images forbidden? Does the biblical prohibition have any precedent or parallel in the ancient Near-East, or elsewhere? And how do the ways of representing gods and humans change in the absence of cultic images? The conference Representing Gods and Humans in the Ancient Near-East and in the Bible, held at the Collège de France, Paris, on May 5-6 2015, sought to shed light on these questions surrounding the image, a critical issue for our understanding of ancient as well as modern religions.
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Heterocycles feature widely in natural products, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and dyes, and their synthesis is of great interest to synthetic chemists in both academia and industry. The contributions of recent applications of new methodologies in C–H activation, photoredox chemistry, cross-coupling strategies, borrowing hydrogen catalysis, multicomponent and solvent-free reactions, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other new, attractive approaches for the construction of heterocyclic scaffolds are of great interest. This Special Issue is dedicated to featuring the latest research that is ongoing in the field of heterocyclic synthesis. It is expected that most submissions will focus on five- and six-membered oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocycles, but structures incorporating other rings/heteroatoms will also be considered. Original research (communications, full papers and reviews) that discusses innovative methodologies for assembling heterocycles with potential application in materials, catalysis and medicine are therefore welcome.
Gute Führungskräfte im Krankenhaus tragen dazu bei, die medizinische und pflegerische Versorgung der Patienten auf hohem Niveau zu gewährleisten und zugleich die wirtschaftliche Existenzbasis ihres Hauses zu sichern. Sowohl innerhalb des Unternehmens als auch in der Interaktion mit Öffentlichkeit und Politik gilt es hier ständig zwischen den Ansprüchen an Wirtschaftlichkeit und gute Medizin zu vermitteln. Überzeugungskraft gewinnen Führungskräfte dabei durch einen präzisen Bezug auf die Werte und Ziele von Medizin und Ökonomie. Ein konstruktives Verständnis von Ethik – nicht nur auf Ebene der Patientenversorgung, sondern auch auf Ebene der Organisation – ist eine wesentliche Kompetenz für das Krankenhausmanagement.This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Open Services
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Aus moderner wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Sicht leistet die ökonomische Clubtheorie einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer effizienten Gestaltung von Integrationsprozessen, insbesondere der Europäischen Union. Um aber das Pareto-Optimum einer Welt voller Clubs bestimmen zu können, spielt die Unterscheidung zwischen einer clubinternen und einer gesamtwirtschaftlichen Sichtweise eine entscheidende Rolle. Weitere clubtheoretische Einflussfaktoren wie das vorhandene Clubgüterangebot und dessen Eigenschaften, die Anzahl der Unversorgten, die Kosten der Heterogenität der Clubmitgliedschaft und insbesondere Principal-Agent-Probleme bei der Clubführung erschweren die Realisierung von optimalen Clubbedingungen. Im politischen System der Europäischen Union lassen sich zahlreiche Clubsituationen finden, die durch supranationale Institutionen, politische Regime oder sonstige freie Formen grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit privater Akteure entstehen. Auf Grundlage der im Einzelfall angewandten Elemente der Clubtheorie werden in dieser Arbeit in insgesamt sechs Fallstudien (EU, Eurozone, Schengen, Großregion SaarLorLux, Arge Alp, Euregionale Academie) aussagekräftige Rückschlüsse auf Effizienzpotentiale und zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen im europäischen Integrationsprozess gezogen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es durch das Einsetzen eines Clubmanagements eine Tendenz zum Clubwachstum gibt. Gleichzeitig entwickeln sich neue Clubführungsstrukturen, um die damit verbundenen Ineffizienzen auszugleichen.
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The organizational requirements for an error-free and effective care of patients within a large-scale hospital are high: despite all efforts to improve the process quality and the establishment of risk management systems and reporting systems, there exists the general impression that the processes and communicative challenges are still – in particular with regard to the grown influence of economic factor – prone to error: in case of doubt to the harm of the patients. The topic, which has a medical and organizational sociological, an economic and not least a (criminal-)legal dimension, was the subject of the traditional annual meeting of the Göttingen Institute for Criminal Science in July 2016.Die organisatorischen Anforderungen an eine fehlerfreie und effektive Versorgung der Patienten innerhalb eines Großklinikums sind hoch: Trotz aller Bemühungen um eine Verbesserung der Prozessqualität und Etablierung von Risikomanagement- und Reportingsysteme besteht der allgemein Eindruck, dass die Abläufe und kommunikativen Herausforderungen nach wie vor - noch dazu ob des gewachsenen Einflusses des ökonomischen Faktors - fehleranfällig sind: im Zweifel zum Schaden der Patienten. Die Thematik, die eine medizin- und organisationssoziologische, eine ökonomische und nicht zuletzt eine (straf-)rechtliche Dimension hat, war Gegenstand der traditionellen Jahrestagung des Göttinger Instituts für Kriminalwissenschaften im Juli 2016.
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