L3 Sociétés et cultures 4 (ANGL502_LEA) Emma BELL Emma.Bell@univ-smb.fr 1 BRITISH POLITICAL ECONOMY: FROM LIBERALISM TO NEOLIBERALISM Powerpoint Available to download here: https://1drv.ms/p/s!AqlGYU5gomolgftQTMZF8fO1_XLryA?e=FI33gi Class Plan Introduction i) Political liberalism ii) Economic liberalism iii) Social liberalism I. Classical Liberalism i) The Context : Mercantilism a) Definition b) Opposition to mercantilism ii) Laissez-faire a) The Philosophy b) The Practice - The Poor Law - Economy and the State iii) The Decline of Laissez-faire II. New Liberalism i) Towards Social Liberalism ii) New Liberalism in Practice: Phase I a) The Foundations of the Welfare State b) The State and the Economy iii) New Liberalism in Practice: Phase II a) Keynesianism b) The Welfare State comes of age iv) The Decline of New Liberalism a) Criticism from the Left b) Criticism from the Right III. Neoliberalism i) Defining Neoliberalism ii) Neoliberalism in Practice a) Economic Policy - From monetarism to austerity - Cutting taxes - Privatisation - Deregulation - Rolling back the State? b) Social Policy - Social policy under Thatcher - Social policy under Blair - The Coalition’s social policy L3 Sociétés et cultures 4 (ANGL502_LEA) Emma BELL Emma.Bell@univ-smb.fr 2 Bibliography Books Beech, Matt and Lee, Simon, Ten Years of New Labour – 2008, Palgrave Macmillan [BU Jacob: 320.942 ten] ISBN 978-0-230-57442-7 Dixon, Keith, Un digne héritier: Blair et le thatchérisme – 2004, Raisons d’Agir [BU Jacob : 320.942 DIX] ISBN 2-912107-09-1 (br) *Espiet-Kilty, Raphaële Libéralisme(s) ? – 2010, Presses universitaires Blaise Pascal ISBN 978-2-84516-470-3 (ask E.Bell for an electronic copy) Gamble, Andrew, The Free Economy and the Strong State: The Politics of Thatcherism – 1994, Macmillan [BU Jacob: 941 GAM] ISBN 0-333-59332-4 Harvey, David A Brief History of Neoliberalism – 2007, Oxford ISBN 978-0-19928-327-9 Articles/Radio/Websites ARTE, Capitalisme , 2014 (série documentaire) Dostaler, Gilles, ‘Du libéralisme au néolibéralisme’ , 18/02/2009 : http://www.scienceshumaines.com/du-liberalisme-au-neoliberalisme_fr_23367.html (bonne introduction au cours) Kavanagh, Dennis ‘Thatcherism and the End of the Post-War Consensus’, BBC History: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/thatcherism_01.shtml McElvoy, Anne, ‘Adam Smith and the Whigs, Radio 4, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06r50wn McElvoy, Anne, ‘From John Locke to New Liberalism’, Radio 4, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06r8hr9 McElvoy, Anne, ‘William Gladstone’, Radio 4, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06r8cjm McElvoy, Anne, ‘Keynes v Hayek - Liberals in the Slump’, Radio 4, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06ry20q L3 Sociétés et cultures 4 (ANGL502_LEA) Emma BELL Emma.Bell@univ-smb.fr 3 Important Dates British Prime Ministers 1908-1979: 2016-present Theresa May Conservative 2015-2016 David Cameron Conservative 2010-2015 David Cameron Conservative (head of coalition government with the Liberal Democrats) 2007-2010 Gordon Brown Labour 1997-2007 Tony Blair Labour 1990-1997 John Major Conservative 1979-1990 Margaret Thatcher Conservative 1976-1979 James Callaghan Labour 1974-1976 Harold Wilson Labour 1970-1974 Edward Heath Conservative 1964-1979 Harold Wilson Labour 1963-1964 Sir Alec Douglas-Home Conservative 1957-1963 Harold Macmillan Conservative 1955-1957 Sir Anthony Eden Conservative 1951-1955 Sir Winston Churchill Conservative 1945-1951 Clement Attlee Labour 1940-1945 Winston Churchill Conservative (head of wartime coalition government) 1937-1940 Neville Chamberlain Conservative 1935-1937 Stanley Baldwin Conservative 1929-1935 Ramsay MacDonald Labour 1924-1929 Stanley Baldwin Conservative 1924 Ramsay MacDonald Labour 1923 Stanley Baldwin Conservative 1922-1923 Andrew Bonar Law Conservative 1916-1922 David Lloyd George Liberal 1908-1916 HH Asquith Liberal Dates to remember 1690 Publication of John Locke’s Second Treatise on Government 1776 Adam Smith published an Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 1798 Thomas Malthus publishes Essay on the Principle of Population 1815 Corn Law passed/ end of war with France 1832 Reform Act: first significant extension of the franchise to the middle classes 1834 The ‘new’ Poor Law is introduced 1839 Anti-Corn Law League was founded 1846 Corn Laws repealed 1849 Navigation Laws repealed 1859 Samuel Smiles publishes Self-Help 1867 Reform Act passed – franchise extended to part of the urban male working class 1880 T.H. Green’s Lecture on Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract 1884 Reform Act passed – 1867 Act extended to the countryside 1889 Publication of Charles Booth’s Life and Labour of the People in London 1897 Workmen’s Compensation Act 1899-1902 Boer War 1901 Publication of Seebohm Rowntree’s Poverty: A Study of Town Life 1906 Trade Disputes Act/ Labour Party founded/ Education (Provision of School Meals) Act L3 Sociétés et cultures 4 (ANGL502_LEA) Emma BELL Emma.Bell@univ-smb.fr 4 1907 Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1908 Mines Regulation Act; Old Age Pensions Act 1909 Labour Exchanges Act; Trade Boards Act; the ‘People’s Budget’ introduced 1911 National Insurance Act 1921 Consolidation of the railway system 1926 Partial nationalisation of the electricity supply 1929 Wall Street Crash 1932 Import Duties Act 1936 Keynes publishes A General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1939 Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1942 Publication of the Beveridge Report: Social Insurance and Allied Services 1944 White Paper on Employment published/ the Butler Act Friedrich von Hayek publishes Road to Serfdom 1945 Family Allowances Act 1946 National Insurance Act 1947 Conservative Party Industrial Charter 1948 NHS established/ National Assistance Act 1949 Mont Pelerin society founded 1945-49 Nationalisation of the Bank of England, Cable and Wireless, civil aviation, electricity and gas supply, coal mining, the railways, long-distance road haulage and steel. 1953 Conservative denationalise steel and road haulage 1955 Institute for Economic Affairs founded 1956 Anthony Crosland publishes The Future of Socialism 1958 Richard Titmuss publishes his essay on the social division of welfare J.K. Galbraith publishes The Affluent Society 1959 Hugh Gaitskell proposes modifying Clause IV of the Labour Party Constitution 1965 Brian Abel-Smith and Peter Townsend publish The Poor and the Poorest 1970 Selsdon Park Programme 1971 Industrial Relations Act 1972 Heath’s u-turn 1974 Centre for Policy Studies founded 1975 Margaret Thatcher becomes leader of the Conservative Party 1976 Britain obtains loan from IMF 1978-9 The Winter of Discontent 1979 Election of Margaret Thatcher/ abolition of exchange controls 1980 The Housing Act 1984 British Telecom privatised – the first of many privatisations 1984-5 Miners’ Strike 1986 The ‘Big Bang’ 1990 Health Service and Community Care Act 1992 Launch of the Private Finance Initiative 1993 Wage councils abolished 1995 Jobseekers’ Act 1998 University tuition fees introduced/ National Minimum Wage Act 2010 Academies Act 2012 Health and Social Care Act/ Welfare Reform Act 2013 Financial Services Act/ Banking Reform Act/ Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2016 Britain votes to leave the European Union L3 Sociétés et cultures 4 (ANGL502_LEA) Emma BELL Emma.Bell@univ-smb.fr 5 MCC: 1 CT (dossier): dissertation Dissertation guidelines Essays should be 1500-2000 words long . This is an individual piece of work. Using plagiarism detection tools, it will be very easy for me to detect any work that has been copied from other students. You may choose one of the following questions to answer: Question 1 How did the role of the British State change in the passage from new liberalism to neoliberalism? Question 2 Can it be said that liberalism in its various forms (classical, new and neo) has advanced individual freedom in Britain? These essay questions are very broad, so you will need to attend the full lecture course before you can get down to writing your final piece. You should, however, research different aspects of the question throughout the semester and not leave the final task to the last minute. Assessment criteria - Language: you will be marked primarily on content, but language will also be taken into account. - Analytical capability. Ensure you avoid simplistic description of events. Only introduce relevant knowledge that helps you to answer the question and construct coherent arguments. Constantly refer back to the question. Never wait until the conclusion to answer the question. Always remain impartial and ensure you demonstrate critical distance from the subject matter. - Coherent structure. Ensure that you organise your work in a clear and coherent manner. You may use headings and sub-headings, but this is not compulsory. Never put more than one idea in each paragraph. Provide a clear introduction and conclusion and don’t forget to announce and justify your plan in the introduction. Avoid a binary plan – always try to find a thematic plan that enables you to analyse the question in each part. - Sources. Please do not only use my lectures or the references on your reading list. You are expected to do extra reading and to provide the references for all information you provide. Try to use scientific articles that can be accessed via the on-line library or directly here: https://sci-hub.tw Please note that this website can only be accessed when you are connected to the university’s VPN. If you have not installed the VPN, please see https://www.univ-smb.fr/formation-continue/informations- pratiques-iufc/installation-wifi-et-vpn-usmb/ You cannot search directly for relevant articles on sci-hub. You will need to search the websites of the main academic publishers ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/product or https://taylorandfrancis.com ). Every scientific article has an identification code known as a DOI (e.g. DOI: 10.1080/14782804.2020.1750351 ). Simply copy and paste the DOI into the sci-hub search engine and you will hopefully gain access to the article that you can then download as a pdf. You may also download books for free from the following website: https://b- L3 Sociétés et cultures 4 (ANGL502_LEA) Emma BELL Emma.Bell@univ-smb.fr 6 ok.org Ensure that you provide references for all the information you give (unless it is a commonly-known fact). You are encouraged to provide citations from key authors but avoid citations that are mere factual descriptions. Choose citations that demonstrate a particular point of view/ illustrate an argument you are advancing. Ensure that you provide references AND a bibliography. References are given immediately after the information provided, in the main body of the text. A bibliography is provided at the end. Ensure you organise this in alphabetical order. General presentation Please type your work. Please use ‘Times New Roman’ font size 12. Use 1.5 spacing and justify your text: to do this, highlight your text. Select ‘paragraph’ and then, in the window that pops up, select ‘justified’ next to ‘alignment’ and ‘1,5 lines’ next to spacing. • Please ensure that you use proper paragraphs. ‘Word’ should automatically indent these. • Use either British or American English, not a mixture of both. • You might decide to include headings and sub-headings, although this is not obligatory. If you do, please highlight headings in bold and sub-headings in italics. • Make sure that you use “English”, not « French » quotation marks. All citations should be placed inside quotation marks and references should be given in footnotes. • Place any foreign language words in italics. • Avoid contractions in written English (e.g. ‘don’t’). If you use an acronym, always give the full name the first time you use it, and the abbreviation in brackets, e.g. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). Thereafter, you can use the acronym. • Citations of four lines or more should be indented, have single spacing and not be placed in quotation marks. Referencing Please always provide references (the source of your information). This is the best way to prove that your work is not plagiarised (N.B. for an explanation of plagiarism, please consult https://www.univ-angers.fr/fr/vous-etes/etudiant-e/examens/plagiat.html ). Different referencing systems are explained here: https://libguides.reading.ac.uk/citing- references/referencingstyles You may use whatever referencing system you choose, provided you are consistent.