================================== DOCUMENT 1: SESSION 1 (S1) ================================== POLLUTION ABATEMENT (21CHO105T) Unit 2 - Session 1 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) 1. Discarded computers and mobiles are sources of ● Answer: A. E-waste ● Explanation: Electronic waste (e-waste) comprises discarded electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, televisions, and circuit boards. 2. Syringes and bandages are examples of ● Answer: A. Biomedical waste ● Explanation: Clinical and medical waste generated during healthcare diagnosis, treatment, or immunization includes items like syringes, needles, bandages, and surgical cotton. 3. Waste from parks and gardens is called ● Answer: A. Horticulture waste ● Explanation: Yard waste, grass clippings, tree trimmings, leaves, and pruned branches from gardens, parks, and landscaping are classified as horticulture or green waste. 4. High-level radioactive waste mainly comes from ● Answer: A. Nuclear reactors ● Explanation: Spent nuclear fuel and high-activity byproducts resulting from nuclear power generation and research reactors constitute high-level radioactive waste. 5. Most widely used solid waste disposal method is ● Answer: A. Sanitary landfill ● Explanation: Engineered sanitary landfills remain the most widely practiced formal method for the final disposal of municipal solid waste worldwide. II. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. Explain the major sources of solid waste. ● Answer: 1. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): Household garbage, food scraps, packaging, and commercial refuse from urban communities. 2. Industrial Waste: Byproducts from manufacturing, chemical processing, metal smelting, and power generation (e.g., fly ash). 3. Biomedical Waste: Infectious and hazardous refuse generated by hospitals, clinics, and laboratories. 4. Agricultural Waste: Crop residues, animal manure, pesticide containers, and spoiled produce from farming activities. 5. Construction & Demolition (C&D) Waste: Rubble, concrete, wood, steel, and bricks from building and demolition sites. 2. Classify solid waste based on biodegradability. ● Answer: ○ Biodegradable Waste: Organic materials that can be broken down by microorganisms into simpler compounds (e.g., food scraps, yard waste, paper). ○ Non-Biodegradable Waste: Persistent materials that do not break down naturally or take hundreds of years to decompose (e.g., plastics, glass, synthetic polymers, heavy metals). III. LONG ANSWER QUESTION 1. Explain the various sources of solid waste. ● Answer: 1. Municipal Sources (MSW) ● Residential: Garbage from houses and apartments, including food waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, glass, and textiles. ● Commercial & Institutional: Refuse from offices, retail stores, restaurants, schools, and hotels (packaging, paper, food waste). 2. Industrial Sources ● Process Waste: Chemical residues, spent catalysts, solvents, and slag from manufacturing operations. ● Thermal Power Plants: Large quantities of coal combustion residuals, specifically bottom ash and fly ash. 3. Biomedical and Healthcare Sources ● Infectious Waste: Soiled dressings, surgical waste, cultures, and discarded syringes. ● Hazardous Clinical Waste: Expired pharmaceuticals, radioactive diagnostic materials, and chemical reagents. 4. Agricultural and Construction Sources ● Agricultural: Crop residues, fertilizer bags, animal waste, and pesticide residues. ● Construction & Demolition (C&D): Concrete chunks, drywall, wood, roofing materials, and metal framing resulting from infrastructure development and demolition.