Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 1 Of OSCE, pOpulatiOn and CrOSS-gEnEratiOnal COntraCt Birgitta Dresp-Langley Laila Mickelwait, Eileen Dong Co-edited by: Silvie Drahošová Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 2 C A GAFG eBooks Publication 2025 Global Academy for Future Governance (GAFG) eBook Publications All material is copyright of the GAFG & the writer - Protected by Creative Commons License Dedicated to the memory of Jonas Widgren Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 3 Of OSCE, POPuLatiOn anD CrOSS-gEnEratiOnaL COntraCt Birgitta Dresp-Langley Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong (incl. mini-review on abuse through digital technology) Co-edited by: Silvie Drahošová Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 4 Contributors to the E-book: Edna dos Santos Birgitta Dresp-Langley Laila Mickelwait Eileen Dong Happyneser Mtabilwa Eva Petrič Nasya Aiskha Safira Jehanie Milky Nagon Phyllis Chengetai Ruzvidzo Alice Codispoti Kamila Bogdanova Dunja Spasojevic Betselot Kebede Kassa Shaikha Al-Marri Valentina Carvajal Caballero Amina Argillander Silvie Drahošová Anis H. Bajrektarević Cover: Eva Petrič Illustrations: Eva Petrič and Happyneser Mtabilwa Layout, graphics: Silvie Drahošová, Thanos Kalamidas Editor (of the GAFG series): Prof. Anis H. Bajrektarević For publisher: Dimitris Giannakopoulos, Mayelinne de Lara, Thanos Kalamidas Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 5 With immense gratitude, we honour our present- ers, whose wisdom, generosity, and unwavering endurance carried this vision into being. Edna dos Santos Prof. Birgitta Dresp-Langley Laila Mickelwait Eileen Dong Hakima el Haite Happyneser Mtabilwa Brenda Nafula Makokha Eva Petrič Publisher: gafg, geneva/Vienna © Global Academy for Future Governance, 2025 This eBook is open-source. Redistribution, reproduction, quota- tion, and derivative use are permitted, provided proper attribu- tion is given to the original source. GAFG ebooks are available in GAFG pages and they are for free. If somebody tries to sell you this content please contact us immediately. For details, contact: office@ future-governance.org No part of this publication may be reproduced, printed or digitally, altered or selectively extracted by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the author or the publisher of this book. Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 6 COntEntS PREFACE PROLOGUE WORDS FROM NOTABLES PANEL CONTRIBUTIONS Children’s health compromised by digital technology Child Trafficking in the Biotech Supply Chain: A Hidden Crisis and Tech for Good Solutions (invisible) angles of the Cyber World SurragatE LanDSCaPES Creative Economy and the OSCE Centering Youth in the fight against Child Exploitation Youth, Demand, and Human trafficking POSTFACE CLOSING NOTE 9 11 15 19 20 75 78 84 87 92 100 108 110 Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 7 115 115 119 125 133 139 146 153 156 159 172 187 196 199 202 205 208 APPENDIX abuse of minors through technology 1. Eastern Europe and Central asia 2. africa 3. The united States, asia-Pacific, and Diaspora Communities introduction 4. aSEan – SaarC 5. gCC, Qatar and Palestine 6. Latin america and the Caribbean Conclusion Linking Development with Migration The Economics of Prevention From Crisis Management to Strategic Partnership: Rebuilding the migration relationship between Morocco and the European Union The single biggest threat to Europe’s security still not (adequately) tackled by the OSCE ifiMES side event on the 25 th Conference of the alliance on trafficking in Persons (Monday, 31 st of March, 17-18h) Creative and regenerative force of Mtabilwa: transfer of cultural wisdom, ancestral practices, and creative heritage ABOUT THE AUTHORS OUR PREVIOUS EDITIONS ABOUT THE PUBLISHER Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 8 Disclaimer The following text is based on the proceedings of an OSCE event. While every effort has been made to present the information accurately and faithfully, the content reflects the nature and limitations of those proceedings. As such, certain omissions, in- accuracies, ambiguities, or imperfections may be present. These may result from incomplete source material, variations in in- terpretation, the summarization of discussions, or constraints inherent in documenting live or recorded proceedings. The text should therefore be understood as a representation of the OSCE Conference of the Alliance against Trafficking in Persons side event’s proceedings rather than a verbatim or exhaustive record. Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 9 PrEfaCE 25th Conference of the alliance against trafficking in Persons 31 March - 1 April 2025 Title: Mobilizing the Private sector: Innovative Tools to Combat Child Trafficking Description of the panel: Child trafficking remains a major crime, affecting millions of minors globally. It is often facilitated by digital platforms, illicit financial flows, and gaps in corporate accountability. While governments and international FORAs have made sig- nificant efforts to combat this crisis, the private sector holds untapped potential for developing new solutions. Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 10 The panel on private sector engagement in combating child trafficking will bring together leaders from business, technol- ogy, law enforcement, and survivor advocacy to discuss in- novative tools for preventing and addressing child trafficking in all its forms. The objectives include, but are not limited to: • Encouraging corporate investment in anti-trafficking technologies that can detect and prevent child trafficking, particularly on online platforms and within supply chains. • Promoting ethical business practices and regulatory compliance by urging companies to implement child-safe supply chain policies. • Facilitating public-private partnerships by fostering collaboration between businesses, law enforcement, and international organizations to establish coordinated ac- tions against traffickers. The panellists and speakers will share their perspectives on prevention, detection, reporting, law enforcement and pol- icy, survivor support and rehabilitation, as well as business and corporate responsibility. The IFIMES Mini study on the topic will be presented too. Through case studies and survivor insights, the event will inspire companies to integrate child protection into their op- erations while aligning with their business interests. Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 11 PrOLOguE Edna dos Santos-Duisenberg spent decades at the Gene- va-based UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) demonstrating that creative industries are not only cultural sectors, but strategic engines of devel- opment, trade, inclusion, and sustainable growth. Her work helped establish a global understanding that cultural assets, traditional knowledge, and creativity can become powerful economic resources—particularly for communities often ex- cluded from conventional development pathways. Happyneser Mtabilwa’s work embodies this vision at the migration level. By transforming cultural and historical knowledge from her country of origin into entrepreneurial value in Austria, she illustrates how migrants’ creative leg- acies can become instruments of integration. This offers an important policy lesson: instead of viewing migrants solely as labor market participants, receiving countries can recognize them as carriers of creative capital—bringing heritage, skills, traditions, and indigenous knowledge that can generate in- novation, jobs, and social cohesion. In this model, integration becomes economic participation through cultural contribu- tion. Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 12 This approach is particularly relevant for vulnerable mi- grant categories—including women, youth, refugees, and displaced communities—whose strongest assets are often not formally recognized qualifications, but inherited cultural knowledge and creative capacities. By linking these commu- nities to their countries of origin through heritage-based en- trepreneurship, policymakers can create pathways for both local integration and transnational development. Importantly, this also opens a new pathway for return and repatriation policy. If migrants are enabled to transform their cultural legacy into viable businesses, return is no longer un- derstood as failure or forced repatriation, but as voluntary return through opportunity—where migrants go back as in- vestors, innovators, and knowledge-transfer actors. Their re- turn strengthens local value chains, creates employment, and reconnects diaspora capital with domestic development. This logic closely connects with earlier migration-develop- ment thinking advanced in the 1990s by Jonas Widgren and scholars such as Anis H. Bajrektarević within ICMPD (Inter- national Centre for Migration Policy Development), founded as the IGO (Intergovernmental Organisation) in Vienna in 1993. Their work – namely that of ICMPD’s founding Direc- tor Widgren, and prof. Anis, - then one of the ICMPD’s first staffers and its first PerRep to the UNODC as Senior Legal Officer – helped frame migration not only as a border-man- agement challenge, but as a development policy issue, linking migration governance with stability, reintegration, and long- term economic development – in both country of origin and country of residence. Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 13 What this new creative-economy lens adds is a practical mechanism: heritage-based enterprise. It connects the migra- tion-development nexus with return policy by showing that the most sustainable form of repatriation is often not admin- istrative—it is economic. When people can return with capi- tal, skills, markets, and renewed dignity, repatriation becomes development. In this sense, the combined work of Edna dos Santos, ICMPD’s early migration-development thinkers, and examples like Happyneser Mtabilwa point toward a new pol- icy paradigm: integration, development, and return linked through the creative economy. Yet migration is not only economic; it is also profoundly cultural and emotional. Here, the work of Eva Petrič adds an essential artistic dimension. Her artistic practice, centred on identity, memory, and interconnectedness, reminds us that migration is also a process of weaving fragments of origin into new social and cultural fabrics. Migrants carry not only labor and skills, but also memory, aesthetics, symbolism, and lived heritage—forms of intangible capital that traditional policy frameworks often overlook. Her work teaches that true integration is not assimilation; it is co-creation—the building of new collective identities from diverse cultural threads. Taken together, these perspectives suggest a new policy par- adigm: integration, development, and return linked through the creative economy. In this model, migrants are not pas- sive recipients of aid or objects of policy, but active creators of value—economic, cultural, and social. Their heritage be- comes an engine of entrepreneurship; their identity becomes a source of innovation; their return becomes a channel of Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 14 development. Migration policy thus moves beyond manage- ment and becomes a form of social architecture—building bridges between countries of origin and receiving societies, between memory and opportunity, and between cultural leg- acy and future prosperity. Hence, the following pages seeks to encapsulate this valu- able contribution to migration discourse—one of the most emotionally charged and multidimensional topics of our time, affecting politico-military dynamics, economic and en- vironmental realities, as well as social, cultural, and human rights dimensions.” Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 15 WOrDS frOM nOtaBLES Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 16 Dear panelists and participants. My name is Edna dos Santos Duisenberg. I am a co-found- er and vice president of the World creative organization and former chief of the Creative Economy program of the Unit- ed Nations on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). I would like to start by congratulating My dear friend, Professor Anis Bay (Anis H. Bajrektarević), for the initiative, and express my thanks for the invitation. It is a pleasure to join this important conversation, and I want to share insights on how the cre- ative economy can help to protect vulnerable populations, especially women, miners and regional peoples in rural and relegated areas and at the word creativity organization, we empower creatives to foster collaboration, actions and cre- ative thinking to drive creativity entrepreneurship, inclusion and innovation. I want to highlight the power of the creative economy in promoting job opportunities, social inclusion, diversity and social and sustainable alternatives for preventing exploita- tion of minorities and combat trafficking of exposed peo- ple. I would like to share reflections on a possible strategy to support vulnerable populations based on five elements, first, using creativity for empowerment and protection, as we know, the creative economy is not just an economic driver, but should also be used as a platform for advocacy, awareness and empowerment. Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 17 The private sector and civil society should collaborate in providing economic opportunities to prevent trafficking and uncontrolled migrations by investing in local craft, art, music, digital content, they can help to create sustainable livelihoods and job opportunities that prevent minors and children from being attract into trafficking networks. There are successful stories of ethical engagement and many creative industries, including fashion and handcrafts, using materials and labor from vulnerable communities, brands working with artisans in rural area under Fair Trade practice, provide safe work environments so ethical produc- tion can prevent exploitation. Leaders from business technol- ogy and law enforcement must collaborate to promote strate- gic interventions and innovative solutions. For instance, with the rise of online exploitation, social media and game companies must integrate AI driven mon- itoring and reporting tools to prevent child trafficking and abuse using AI and digital platforms, they can offer training in real time, interventions to support victims, in particular, women and individuals at Risk, providing education mentor- ship and employment in creative fields help survivors rebuild their lives and avoid trafficking, there are inspiring examples of how creative industries Combat Trafficking, interactive Storytelling games that educate minors about the risks of traf- ficking and empower them to make informative choices Film and Music advocacy through documentaries and awareness campaign can provoke policy changes and community ac- tion. As stakeholders in business, technology and advocacy, we must harness the power of a creative industries to combat Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 18 trafficking and support vulnerable populations through in- novation, ethical engagement and collaboration, we can de- sign solutions that disrupt trafficking networks and empower communities. So let us commit and using creativity as a force for good ensure that no one is left vulnerable to exploitation. Thank you. Edna dos Santos, former UNCTAD Creative Economy Chief Of OSCE, Population and Cross-generational contract 19 PanEL COntriButiOnS Birgitta Dresp-Langley - Laila Mickelwait - Eileen Dong 20 Children’s health compromised by digital technology Environmental studies, metabolic research, and state of the art research in neurobiology point towards the reduced amount of natural day and sunlight exposure of the develop- ing child, as a consequence of increasingly long hours spent indoors online, as the single unifying source of a whole set of health risks identified worldwide, as is made clear in this re- view of currently available literature. Over exposure to dig- ital environments, from abuse to addiction, now concerns even the youngest (ages 0 to 2) and triggers, as shown by clear examples herein, a chain of interdependent negative and potentially long-term metabolic changes. It leads to a deregulation of the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmit- ter pathways in the developing brain, currently associated with online activity abuse and/or internet addiction, and akin to that found in severe substance abuse syndromes. A general functional working model is proposed under the light of evidence brought to the forefront in this review, bearing in mind that the vulnerability of children and youth to the spells of digital technology makes them ideal targets for further abuse, online and in the real world.