Advanced Android Topics Testing D8/R8 ART Testing Android Test ● Includes existing libraries ● APIs and Kotlin ● Open Source ● Robolectric 4.0 (alpha) ● androidx.test support ● Support Espresso gradlew clean connectedAndroidTest gradlew clean test D8/R8 Kotlin File Java File kotlinc javac class dex apk class dex apk class dex apk class dex apk dex D8/R8 kotlinc javac DX APK kotlinc javac DX DX Merging APK < 3.0 > 3.0 D8/R8 kotlinc javac Desugar DX kotlinc javac D8 APK 3.0/3.1 3.1+ APK