^ Emil Brelschneider ^1 Kmil Bi'etechneider )S T:2 ? <f — ' Li: Wfc afW'i^JfO 5! m m lu 16317.6 1935 7 IflJK ya* 787X1092 1/32 1957 3 Jir— 1957 3 2 4/16 fll — 35 41 000 HJ 28 Jefl(lO) , 1-5,000 ¥0.30 .1 ; , 1935 AH , Bretschneider , Y£ 1935 , , —^ * , , ffi Bretschnei- der , §;|Hj -) • , » ^,] Bretschneider i/f ^ , #• ^ , gfi mi^lR , Bretschneider " : RM^" (3) , n ) Bretschneider "' ., ^ , "" ' ' Bretschneider , , "^ W " _ ;a, " " ,""" "6lJr " '' " , " "" " " f ," " " " " " " ^ ^ T "" " Gl ' ^7 " " "" " tf„tiai'f;'fe£4 ^ "" " "" «2 . 5 . , " "^ " " &" " ^^- "" ,* , "" " , , " R "" " .tt ' Bretschneider " "" 3t , Bretschneider ife , " "^ " , : , §1 , K', ' ^£>1» 1^§1 3! (T i fl ttiii fi^«& . 6 , — ," LL " , , £ M- ^!^IJI^ "" "" , M^lij' It " " zizania tatifolia) , Bretschneider t^^^SHIA H ffi , , i ' 1958 11 )3 4 7 * _ Emil Bretschneider giHfc Emil Bretschneider, ; i^^l^Ji, lip , Notes and Queries into China and Japan R^M^^^^ Journal of North China Bran- ch of the Royal Asiatic Society ; tig gfe' (British Museum, Natural His- tory) Bretschneider I. On the Study and Values of Chinese Botanical Works with Notes on the History of Plants and Geogra- phical Botany from Chinese Sources, 1870, pp. ii-51, 8"; Rozerio, Marcal & Co., II. Early European Researches into the Flora of China, 1881, pp. i - 192 - ii 8° American Presbyterian (7) . 8 . Mission Press III. Botanicum Sinicum : Notes on Chinese Botany from Native and Western Sources. Pt. I. General Introduction and Bibliography; Jour- nal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 16, 1881 art, B 1882, pp. 18—228, 8 Trub- ner & Co., London. Pt. II. The Botany of the Chinese Classics, 1892, pp. ii-468, 8° Kelley & Walsh Ltd., Pt. III. Botanical Investigations into the Materia Medica of the Ancient Chinese. 1895, pp. ii-623, 8°; Kelley & Walsh Ltd., Ji^ IV. History of European Botanical Discovery in China, 1892. 2 vols., pp. xv - 1167 8° Sampson Low, Mars ton & Co., Ltd., London. Bretschneider . 1/^: urn , , , ]^i Li . M H Gl feg- ,« : I - ft , : ® ^ ,, ga , ji …… $1 $M IS ';1 , 15 , iJS 1j fiill ,^£^11)^ 3 |^' [i, 1? ; ^, Persil II • 10. Smith's Chinese Materia Medica; Britten and Holland: A Dictionary of English Name of Plants , U |g|g , PffP , , ( 1934 3 ITi^ If ^ , Wi $ , , Jft ^ - ^ «{ S ^ ^, $^) «fL wmm , , vi , ^ ^, m^um (11) • 12 . 3 * K ; , , (265 419) ,' , ( 618-907) ^ (980-1280 ) 0: , ' ^ , ; ,15^^;11:,^§ ffi ^! 13 ^ t-i _@ , , . 13 . _1^ S !11 ( —— " " , m , "— " 1^ , tr; " , 51 , , , © ,) fyw* ~( / , ( ); feg 1767 a, M»s ?^ (Kiakhta) 2immmn^i^^'o w 1^§^^^ 5)^^ ^1'(1^1^:^ 1^:£45,1^ :mmf'. ,^^^ ^ ^ (';^5 !11^^[^(::2^^1^;,? A5 , ^^ iVi! fu? (1870) ^;;<^&'1= , .14. 3^ llik , ^£ $1 , 1 ) Panax jenseng CM ffl Panax schinseng , HJI^ Khenni Emodi, Kh. Webbiannm ,^^^^ ^] J^: 'i ,, , IT/: / $3', E3 jj, ; ^ ^, f - nr ni^ffimit! i>'i:t£g ( Bnkhar8) ^]t^(*lSGl ,f ) ^^(0^ t ffi ^ ' liewen, ;^ 5 ^' , ^ ^ ^ ^ liiwami^ • |{ 3^- i«' 4^ ^ >m .15. (() ) , I. 1. —— Ginseng), (liquorice), Polygala), Orobanche), (Salvia), (Scutellaria), Tournefortia argu- zinaX don), Polygonatum], Gentiana!) ^ Tournefortia sibirica Uvalaria) (Convallaria) (Platyco- Fritillaria Narssicus) 2. Levisticmn) Ligusti- cumif }: Paeonia mutan) CSife*: Paeonia suffrr- ticosa] , (Paeonia albifiora), ^ (Chavica Betel) Piper Betel], (nutmeg), turme- ric), (amoimini), (galanpra), Nardosta- ( chys — putschuk), Jasmium sambac), ( Nardostachys BiiienBis , 1885 BataUu ' .16. J. officinale), (Lophanthus), Mentha piperita) 3. ,,^ Carthanms tinc- torius) , (safran), (Boehmeria nivea), (Xanthium strumarium ) (Arundo phragmites) Phragmites communis] Plantain), Ephedra), Juncus), Althaea) (Hibiscus abelmoschus) Abelmoschus mos- chatus, (Kochia scoparia), _^ (Dianthus), (Plantago), Silene) (Polygonum), S£ (Carduus), Sedum), Siegesbe- ckia), (Tribulus terrestris), ( Rehmannia glu- tinosa), (Ophiopogon), Physalis Alkeken- gi), Inula), ^ a (Iris), Arctii^m Lap- pa), Pieris), ( ) Verbena) Sida tiliaefolia) Abutilon avicennae ( Gnaphalium ) , Bidens ) ( cock's comb ) (Equisetum), (Jasmium nudiflorum) 4. rhubarb) Phytolacca), (Pardanthus) CMpc- Belamcanda - (Ranun- (; ig^ j^J^lft .17. cuius), (Arum macrourum) Pinellia tuberif era] , Aconitum), Euphorbia), (Ricinus), ^/I (Veratrum), Datura) [rji^ (balsamine) (" 5. Cuscuta) (Convulvulus) (Monthly rose), (Pachyrhizus) Pue- raria Smilax sina) •• S. china] , (Rubia) , (Akebia quinata) (Thlandiantha du- bia) Bignoia) , Campsis (Ficus stipulata) Ficus pumila , Hedera) (Quisqualis) , (Muretia Cochichinensis) Momordica cochinchinensis] , E^i (Aris- tolochia), Kadsura), Melanthium) Asparagus (Roxburghia) g Ste:Tiona (Pharbitis Nil) ^ Pharbitis hederacea] , (Lonicera sinensis) • Loni- cera japonica Humulus) 6. (Alisma), (Acorus), (Ty- pha), Lemna), (Marsilea), — (Limnathe- mum), ( Laminaria saccharina), (Myriophyl- lum) (I* Balsamine (^^ !rithen & Holland) ]UU . 18 . 7. Dendrobium), Oxalis), Saxifraga), (Fern) Sempervivum CotyIedon Sedum) 8. 1^: (Lichens), ( Lycoperdon ) , (Lycopodium) i 9. II. 1. (hemp), (barley), (wheat), (buck wheat), (sesame), rice), #< 2. millet), sorgho), (maize), poppy), Coix lacryma) 3. - ;^ ( soya bean ) , Dolichus) , (Phaseolus), ^ ja. (Vicia faba), ( Pisum sati- vum), ^ lablab) III. 1. SV: ^ (leeks);Jl5^ (garlic), &: (onions). .19. (mustard), (cabbage), 15£ (ginger), (Anthe- mis tinctoria), (carrot), (radish), (persil), gj- star- anise), (fennel) (Amaranthus tum), 2. i dandelion), (Medicago sativa), (spinach), (yamsroot), ; Mi (purslane), (sweet potato), bli- (taro) (Lilimn tigrinum), ft® (bamboo sprouts), Basella rubra), Lactuca), beet), (Chenopodium) ;^*#1« 3. ( brinjal ) , Lagenaria ) , Be^ nincasa cerifera), (Trichosanthes anguinea), (Momordica charantea), rd) 4. Fucus) 5. IV. 1. (chestnut), Jft plums), (jujube), ,apricot), Shorea robusta (peach), 2. pear) (apple), quince), . 20. (Crataegus pinnatifida), ^tIj (Diospyrus Kaki), (orange), lemon), (Pampelmoose), medlar) Lcquat Myrica sapi- da) Myrica rubra], Cherry), (Salisburia adiantifolia) M; Ginkgo biloba, (hazelnut), oak), (Pomegranate), (walmit) 3. ) Nephelium Litchi) Litchi chinensis (N. Longan)#: Eu- phoria longana, ( Canarium album (C.pime- la), Xanthoceros sorbifolia), Hove^ nia dulds), fig), Glyptostrobus hete- rophyllus) Pinus Koraiensis (Torreya nucifera) (^ Torrdya grandis] , 5ft Aver- rhoa carambola), •• jft (Phoenix dactily- fera Areca catchu ) . ( cocoanut ) jack- fruit) 4. ( Xanthoxylon) , pepper) cubebs), Rhus semialata), ^ (Thea It- ( ^, ,yHdi r;//ia ^ , ^ . .21 • sinensis) 5. - t:^o melon), water-melon), (grape), sugar-cane) 6. Nelumbium speciosum ) Nelumbo nucif era] , Euryale ferox), Sa- gittaria), () (Trapa bicornis), Scirpus tiibe- rosus) 7. (SpondiasX, (Cookia punctata) Clausenia punctata V. 1. Thuja), piney, Cunningha- mia), (Cassia), (Magnolia), (Aloexylon) §| : Aquilaria . (Cloves), ^?| (myrrh) sandal wood), t^K (camphor), (Borneo cam- phor), liquidamber) , a. benjamin ),K iift Assa (dragon's blood), la foetida J , sticklack) (Olibanum) ^ foetida) Feru- Boswellia 2. f$i, Hi croton), .22. (Elaeococca verucosa) Aleurites Fordii], Sterculia) g Fimiiana (Ailanthus glandulosa) Ailanthus altissima] , Ce- drela sinensis), (Sapindus), ( Pterocarpus ) (Abrus precatorius), (Melia azedarach), (Sophora japonica),^^ (Gleditshia sinensis), Di- osporus ebemis), rose wood), Acacia ju- librissin), (Catalpa), (Chamaerops Fortune! Trachycarpus Tamarix), Po pulus), Ulmus), Salix) 3. (mulberry), ( Broussonetia papyri- fera), (Gardenia florida) ^ Gardenia au- gusta (Ligustrum), Lycirnn chinense), Chimonanthus fragrans) Meretia prae- cox Hibiscus syriacus), (H. rosa-sinensis), Camellia) 4. (Pachyma) ^ Poria cocos], 5. 6. Dr. Williams (Mid- die Kingdom) IO 94 .23. , g, H $ , ^ ,, ! ^N^^ ' , , , — , , ^ . Artemisia, Rubia . 24 . , (oak 1^ (hazelnut) ( ) —: §1 , Euryale ferox Tea Diospyros Kaki g Zizyphus 3 jS ; ! H Arundo phragmites Phragmites communis} , Nehimbium speciosum Nelumbo nucifera] H ($1)^ ( 2) PHSTiiS. ffim H -H HKi ^ . /5^- m il W 15^) Cannabis sa- ( ) Solannm melongana So .26. tiva) ^, () salis ?^ Alkekengi), 3t , Celosia cristata, (cock's ^ comb) , (Phy- Arachis hypogaea 1 hypogaea K Chimon- thus fra^rans Meretia praecox ] , ' Jasmium nudiflorum Lilium ti rinum : , ;A ,— 1 Shorea robusta , f ( ^^ ) tM, Sal |1 Saul ( fE ^1^^^1;" … . S ^, fi' ) F S Aesculns Wilsonii Ilehder; UiJ ? ;^ Br^hneider re^ [^'!?!!^;^^11]=- ^ ^^-^^ iii^ /IT grS^ii IJSiLt" )!?7?^t liehd, j ^ A. WiJsoni fil , • 26 • Aesculus chinensis (A. turbinata ; { 3 3 Santalum album Mmndana, Artocarpus integrifolia g paramita, Saffron Ziaferan, ( 31 ,g ) , , It , , , ,, , , S , 1708 WJ4= At fi , I mm ( A. chinensiSo Aesculus turbinata j^H , . 27 . ^1 ^^_ ^ , 1742 , ', , ' , tfl , ^^^ & 1848 , , -jcWfrn-, , ^ S Jt , , W , , ^^ _M , Plinius, Discorides^Ji'^ }K , hi .28. , , Alphonso de Candolle , (sra), 1885 Ge'ographie Botanique) "Lanciennet6 en Chine et au Japan? de quelques-unes des races de plantes cultivees et cu- rieuses, de meme que la separation du peuple chinois d'avec les peuples de I'lnde, a une 6pcque reculee, se- paration qui se prouve par des cultures differantes et par des noms de plantes usuelles,. absolument diffe- rents. , J'ai senti a plusieurs reprises dans mes recherches combien r etude des encyclopedies chinoises et japonaise IMS :( ^ ^«.^?3, ctti'^) Vift' if fit U *1| ? 1 , i^w: -, >>eiUham ra Hooker tMR^z? $|^^^^^ ( ^ >&}=^ SKiiw Genera, planta- 5 ram) ^^^!£^ 1$ .2^. pourrait rendre plus de services a Phistoire des espe- ces cultivees, laquelle a son tour est importante pour I'histoire des nations" ( , PP. 809 —991 ) , , ) Sampson g^g^g^ (Notes and Que- ries of China and Japan) , tia , , ( I 6; II 45) (; , 4 , B 1735 jbiMH ili iii ?! :, ' SLS^l^: , i^t^td yiiMS A , is, ^;^tli .30. liiL ) ' ( , i^Pl ?, , -, $ • , , "^r^ ^ ^ , 1^ 1) m (2) 3) :M (4) 5) (I* ) (Book V. p. 1; (tt TL (500 B. C.) 31 IT, imWl £Ljr lUcTg;^ 1100 B. Co ^^^^/^^ ttiiSffi ( i;"^m) (; liPq) (^ g BretBchneideT ^ f^jll^J^ "1^1 IK", Hi ^ ( • )*5^]^)1114^^,,,,^(^?) "^^ .81. Biot , , 1 I P. ( ) 94) , , :, Dr. Williams ( Bridgman Chresthomathy ) Sor- gho Panicum niiliaceu.m g ifi Panicum , ( , g (B) 3 , ,!1^?, Panicum miliaceum ' P. miliaceum If P. Bunge , ^^ P. miliaceum ) M ? ay'i^ , pq:«' & ^,tfK 5» 11 .32. Setaria italica , ; g A. , g ffi S^\rf"^»^N^V ^^^^^^ D. 100) , ( , ( ) De Candoile 1^ ^ ^ P.9 35 ) , , , ) gj^ « M ,=^^ ^£ , ( ( t^] , ^; ffi ( dextrine Mr. Bilkquin , ^*3g Itl^/ TT' i^ayen C^abBtances ajimentaires) p. 205. )o • 33 • ) , —, « ) bean niax ML ( Soja g Glycine hispida ) ^g ( Soja Soja Soja ® hispidaCaS: , Soja max^ ( )A ( Loiselear 111"1^^?3>^^( Consideration sur les cer^ales; (I, p. 29) , M. Stan. "F^e" (Faba ||^1^, sativa illi De Candollo (p. 956) j ^: {^4 Jalien , gHS it ( (^ m (^ Vicia : ^ faba 5?, — S ^ 15: Soja hispida^ 1'\:, iJJ^S II ttl^. J^ Kaempfer ^ Amaenitatnm Exotiearnm "Phaseolus japonicus erect us, , sili- ff, ^5^^:1 guis Lnpinj, frrictu Pisi niajoris candido" ^ fjg^—0 XJFf^jgri Rq' Thunherg Ti,4M ,]On ^ ,? ( ^ gy^ifi; Dolichos soja, .!§5 ^!1:3^ ^ , it,;?, 0: 9f fi&^ (Caesin) ! Al, f^l "5^ -hie peas), t^2:fllJ^g^AlvlH(Ikan- • S4 "^ , ffi , ' Coix lacryma (M ^ (Job's tear), i^),4M . , ( EchinochloeCrus galli Panicum Crus-galliDo Sorghum vulgare [Guinea Corn , ^ $ , ^ & ( ^ jjj , 386—558) ^ gl Mi ,' 4 g, oil H ^ or Pea-oil) M 51 nSia^^M Mr. Payen ( ( "^ ) P. 341) ^ ? 5^^,^^1;01 ; ^ , 8 ol6agineax^de la Chine, ^ iBI^ (^ tf,'S3J (pj?61, 93, 260), , ^? Lach^iie 3 Mohl f /SS: '- — 1830, Setaria 35 ^, _ Fagopyrum esculentum $(960—1280) , () , , ) ^( Cannabis sativa) #? — b g Cannabis sativa ' tiva (Book ) XVI Biot ^ ft ( nabis sa- Bji I ( ^ ; , p. 379) Hoffman 7"^" Sdii^ tes(iia*«tMM Noms ^ indigenes d'un choix de 5 ( (1280- 136^-16-14 , ^ ! " , ^^ ]403-14li5 ( ( ' (^ ( ) 13^ lb., 560 460 1000 =:7d = 14.5 cents) ]95 , 180 SKd^lif; 360 — 420 ]80- 280 240 (S 140 130 200 • 36 • plantes du Japon et de la Chine Pachyr- rhizus Thunbergianus , Pueraria Thunber- ! 5 « MI®ESM , ^. , ( ) plum 1$ plum * 1^ m Prunus SC a Prunus trichocarpa Pninustri- ntt lobaj . 7^-,; ' ?3^«5) , ^' ^Ji^^ ^. , ^ ^^^lit Amygdalus ,^,>^^ - conmrnuis (almond) r badam, Prauus Amygtkdiis) g Brmge . gtt")iiiiJ , ( ^ (Kn'i^eratio plantarnm, quas in 0. ( hiiui boreali colle- iti— :?5iST !^ ; ^ B-^ <'Amygdalus perflica) Prn- ^ ^ ) mis persica)— 1?1;^1 1 - If almoiKi, l^g liL^ ^01 a> IW S^. ^ "attan, m ' Mr. Sa n son ( ii5Jg"n p. 150) iH |£ 37 . . : . • Pi'unus > Myrica sapida Myi'ica rubral . ,. Prunus Amypfdalus (apricot) $ EL . Amygdalus persica (peach) Pru- nus persicalo De Candolle (p. 889) Castanea vesca (chestnut) Casta- nea molIissima Ziziphus vulgaris (jujube) Ziziphus jujuba &^ 4 Z. vulgaris , Z. vulgaris inermis Z. jujuba inermis], Z. vulgaris spinosa SS'Si, ^' . jujuba nosa] . iWi ( ( "frequentissima et molestissima" Z. Bun^e spi- ffif HA), ^ K <m m Lindley Caragana spinosa ( , Treasury of Botany, if p. 220) ilS &Ift , • 38 • ^ , ; crabapple, , , ^ Pyrus baccifera Malus baccata Hoffmann Schultes P. bac- cifera P. spectabilis Mallus spec- tabiHs * , , , ) tt Crataegus pinnatitida Bge. , r pq) , ^, Begonia discolor, 5l var. r ^K nki g ^ j^,^ fjim MaluB prunifolia
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