Russian War Against Ukraine: Energy Dimension DiXi Group alert (status as of 12:00, April 21) Stop russian nuclear terrorism! Set A2/AD and no-fly zones over Ukraine’s nuclear facilities, impose sanctions on Rosatom! Stop the atrocities! Introduce full embargo on russian oil and gas imports! #StopRussianAggression #StandWithUkraine Summary • Intensification of hostilities unables restoration of infrastructure. Almost 757,500 consumers remained without electricity supply, over 240,000 consumers remained without gas supply. • The readiness for the Centralized Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility operation in the Chornobyl NPP Exclusion Zone is confirmed. Its use is limited by the ban on transportation of nuclear materials due to martial law and by the need to obtain a permit from the State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate. • Ukraine has sufficient reserves of fresh nuclear fuel for approximately two years. The new deliveries of Westinghouse fuel previously planned for 2025 have to be accelerated and take place already in 2023. • Energoatom insists on imposing sanctions on Rosatom by blocking its foreign economic activity, seizure of accounts, and exclusion from the international organizations as well as professional associations. • The international working group on sanctions against Russia at the President of Ukraine published the plan to enhance sanctions, including those in energy sector. • The National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission revoked licenses of five energy companies whose activities are controlled by the residents of Russia. Attacks: Donetsk region In the last 24 hours, 8 settlements of the Donetsk region, including Mariupol, Avdiivka and Maryinka, were shelled from missiles, multiple launch rocket systems "Grad", tanks and heavy artillery, killing 2 civilians and injuring 8, as the National Police reported. The shelling damaged at least 23 civilian facilities, including residential buildings, an educational institution, a factory, and utilities. Air strikes on the infrastructure of Mariupol were underway, the enemy was carrying out assault operations in the area of the seaport and the Azovstal Iron & Steel Works, as the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine reported. Despite the statements of the Russian troops about a ceasefire regime, the enemy continued to fire and civilians had no opportunity to leave the territory of Azovstal safely. Due to the lack of control over their own troops on the ground, the occupiers were unable to ensure a proper ceasefire, so the humanitarian corridor on April 20 did not work as planned. The Minister for Reintegration of the Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine Iryna Vereshchuk said that, on April 21, attempts to evacuate women, children and the elderly from Mariupol will continue. Luhansk 80% of the Luhansk region territory is currently under the control of the region Russian occupiers, the defence line is maintained from Rubizhne to Popasna, reported the Luhansk Regional Military Administration Head Serhii Haidai. The Russians were firing artillery along the entire front line, destroying civilian and utilities infrastructure. Due to the destroyed networks, electricity, gas and water supply in the cities of Popasna, Rubizhne, parts of Hirske could be restored only after the end of the war. During the day, the enemy destroyed 5 houses in the cities of Rubizhne and Novodruzhesk, in the city of Severodonetsk there was not a single surviving food warehouse. The Main Intelligence Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine received audio interception of the occupiers' conversation, which refers to an order to kill all POWs in the Popasna area, which is an outright war crime and violation of the international law. Kharkiv region During the day, the Russian occupation forces inflicted 15 artillery and multiple launch rocket systems strikes on residential areas in the cities of Kharkiv, Derhachi, in the Zolochiv and Chuhuiv districts, 5 people were wounded, reported the Kharkiv Regional Military Administration Head Oleh Syniehubov. After the shelling of Kharkiv on the evening of April 20, fires broke out in at least 2 multi-apartment buildings, and parked cars in the yards were also on fire. The Russian troops fired on the cemetery of victims of totalitarianism in Kharkiv, where Polish officers shot by the NKVD are buried. The cemetery was partially destroyed by missiles and cluster munitions, one of which got stuck in the graves, and the memorial plaques of Polish soldiers were partially destroyed. According to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Russia has regrouped its troops in the Izyum direction. In the area of the village of Dibrovne the enemy conducted offensive operations and had partial success; in the area of the village Stara Hnylytsia did not succeed in the offensive, suffering losses and withdrawing. In addition, the attempt to take control of the village of Dovhenke was unsuccessful, where the occupiers tried to attack using Ukrainian military uniforms. Mykolaiv The enemy continued artillery fire on inhabited quarters and civilians of region Mykolaiv and surrounding area, as reported by the Operational Command "South". Explosions were heard in the area during the night; according to the Mykolaiv Regional Military Administration Head Vitalii Kim, as a result of attacks 1 person was killed and 2 injured. Besides, at night on April 20, the Russian troops with rocket attack damaged the infrastructure of the Mykolaiv branch of Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine (Suspilne). In settlements near the administrative border with the Kherson region, the occupiers are forcing the locals, threatening with weapons, to elect in a fake voting a new local government loyal to the invaders. Kherson region The settlements of the Kherson region are under constant fire, the Operational Command "South" reported. The invaders plan to organize forced mobilization of the local population and were trying to completely stop the humanitarian support of the region by the Ukrainian authorities. E.g., in the village of Zolota Balka, representatives of the occupying forces held a meeting with the locals, claiming there would be no more "green corridors", denying to leave the village and warning that in case their positions are shelled by the Ukrainian Armed Forces, the Russian invaders would fire on the settlement. The occupiers intensified preparations for the so-called "referendum", the date for imitation was changed from early May to April 27. The fact that the working day was chosen additionally emphasizes that the result is known in advance, by the scenario prepared by the invaders. Zaporizhzhia According to the Zaporizhzhia Regional Military Administration, the enemy region continued to shell the positions of Ukrainian troops, conducted operations in the Polohy district towards the cities of Polohy and Huliaipole. As a result of hostilities in the region, 512 households were completely destroyed or partially damaged. During the day, as a result of the shelling, the number of consumers without electricity supply in Vasylivka and Orikhiv districts increased. In the city of Orikhiv, low-pressure distribution gas pipelines were damaged; fires broke out at 2 facilities of civil infrastructure. There was no water supply in the cities of Polohy, Huliaipole, the town of Stepnohirsk and nearby settlements of the Polohy and Vasylivka districts. Also, as a result of hostilities, sewage treatment plants that receive sewage from the city of Vasylivka and the town of Stepnohirsk were damaged. Dnipropetrovsk In the evening of April 20, the Russian invaders fired from multiple launch region systems at the city of Zelenodolsk and the village of Velyka Kostromka, reported the Kryvyi Rih Military Administration Head Oleksandr Vilkul. Some of the rockets hit on utilities in Zelenodolsk, leaving the city without electricity and water supply, which was restored on April 21. Water resources During the Russian invasion, shelling and bombing of cities and infrastructure of Ukraine brought significant damage to water supply, sewerage and communications systems, the Ministry of Environment reported. This threatens freshwater reserves and pollutes rivers, which are sources of water supply for industrial, municipal enterprises and individual households. In particular, the water supply system from the Dnipro river to Mykolaiv was damaged, and citizens were forced to collect water for technical needs from the Southern Bug river. Due to the destruction of Oskil Reservoir dam on the Siverskyi Donets river, the water level rose in the town of Svyatohirsk in the Donetsk region, with parts of the settlement flooded. Due to Russian aggression, the process of wastewater treatment in Severodonetsk, Lysychansk, Rubizhne, Popasna and part of Zaporizhzhia is not provided, which worsens the microbiological safety of water, kills fish and aquatic organisms, and can cause an outbreak of infectious diseases. The destruction of the Irpin dam by the Russian military can lead to infected waters and contamination with fuel and lubricants. Nuclear and Radiation Safety: All operating NPPs of Ukraine operate stably, and the radiation, fire and environmental conditions at the station sites and adjacent territories are within the standards. 7 of 15 operating nuclear units are in operation (two each at the Zaporizhzhia, South Ukraine, and Rivne NPPs, and one at the Khmelnytskyi NPP), the other 8 are under maintenance or put in reserve. All operating NPPs regularly transmit data from station monitoring systems to the IAEA. To remind, Ukraine has completely refused from Russian nuclear fuel, which will no longer be supplied. According to Energoatom, for proper diversification, it is planned to maintain two suppliers - Westinghouse and domestic production of fuel assemblies. Ukraine currently has a sufficient reserve of fresh nuclear fuel for about two years. However, the new deliveries of Westinghouse fuel, which were scheduled for 2025, should be accelerated and take place in 2023. Chornobyl NPP Exclusion Zone The State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine (SNRIU) has informed the IAEA on the complicated situation around and within the Exclusion Zone due to damaged transport routes, including destroyed bridges, demining works, etc. These restrictions do not allow the SNRIU to conduct a direct inspection of the facilities, and also postpone the IAEA mission to the Chornobyl NPP site. The rotation of the facility personnel also remains complicated - the last one took place on April 9 and was carried out by river transport. At the same time, after the restoration of proper electricity supply on April 16, inspection of all equipment and devices of the Centralized Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility (CSNFSF) in the Exclusion Zone, its readiness to operate normally was confirmed. The use of the facility is currently limited by the ban on the transportation of nuclear materials through the territory of Ukraine due to martial law, as well as the need to obtain a permit to operate from the SNRIU. Zaporizhzhia NPP The situation at the Zaporizhzhia NPP and in the satellite city of Energodar remains unchanged; for the 49th day, they are under the control of Russian terrorists. ZNPP is serviced by Ukrainian staff with regular rotation, which, however, works in difficult physical and psychological conditions. As of April 21, the radiation background on the site and in the sanitary protection zone is within the standard range (8- 12 μR/h). Also, in the Zaporizhzhia region, the gamma background is stable (7-12 μR/h) and does not pose a threat to life and public health. Armed Russian terrorists, heavy equipment, as well as representatives of Rosatom continue to be present at the station site. Representatives of the Russian nuclear corporation, in the presence of the occupying forces, informed the ZNPP management and staff of their intention to include the station in the structure of Rosatom. Subsequently, they monitored technological and management processes at the ZNPP. On its part, Energoatom insists on imposing sanctions on Rosatom, including blocking any foreign economic activity of the corporation and its subsidiaries, seizing accounts, excluding Rosatom and Russian representatives from international organizations and relevant technical associations and forums. NSF “Neutron Source” Since the beginning of the Russian military aggression, the territory of the National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology", which houses the Nuclear Subcritical Facility "Neutron Source", is constantly under fire and bombing. As a result, the external power supply system, the cooling system of the facility, the pumping station and cooling towers, as well as the isotopes laboratory were damaged. As of April 20, NSF has been transferred to a deep subcritical state (“long suspension” mode); there is no external power supply and its resumption is impossible; operational personnel monitors the facility condition to a limited extent: in particular, there is no possibility of measuring the coolant temperature and reading the measurements of the automated radiation monitoring system, etc. Radiation situation at the NSF site (according to the portable dosimeter readings) is within the standards. However, the probability of new damage that could directly affect the state of nuclear and radiation safety remains high due to constant shelling by Russian troops. The presence of Russian terrorists at nuclear facilities poses extremely high threats to nuclear and radiation safety on a global scale! Ukraine demands to recognize the actions of Russia and Rosatom as acts of nuclear terrorism, which aim to intentionally violate the security of nuclear power plants, international law and basic human rights with the aim of genocide, ecocide and encroachment on the country's sovereignty. We call on international partners to increase pressure on the IAEA, whose actions may prevent acts of nuclear terrorism by Russia. At the same time, it is critical to minimize Russia's influence on IAEA policies and activities, in particular by removing all Russians from key positions in the Agency's Secretariat and restricting their access to information about Ukraine's nuclear power plants. We also emphasize the need to impose tough sanctions on the management, staff, products, international projects of Rosatom and, in general, the nuclear energy of the aggressor country! Electricity Sector: Power system operation Ukraine's power system has been stably operating in trial synchronous mode with the Continental Europe network (ENTSO-E). Commercial electricity exports to Poland continued at a limited level at 190 MW, while the current available capacity between Ukraine and ENTSO-E is about 2 GW, and can be further increased to 4-5 GW. At the same time, the level of consumption stabilized and began to grow. On April 19, with an average daily load about 12 GW, the consumption in the power system amounted to 288,000 MWh. Electricity demand was mainly covered by NPPs (average daily load at 6.1 GW), coal and gas TPPs (2.7 and 1 GW, respectively). Moreover, as of April 21, according to DTEK, coal reserves at TPPs warehouses are further reduced and amounted to 1,240,000 tons. The average hydropower daily production was 1.4 GW and reached 3.3 GW during evening peak hours to balance “green” electricity production. RES facilities generated an average of 0.6 GW; their peak production during the day reached 1.6 GW, and a minimum of 0.1 GW. Mostly solar installations were in operation, as most wind farms are disconnected from the grid due to their close proximity to fighting. As part of the restoration of Ukrenergo's energy infrastructure, preparations for the commissioning of two 330 kV lines connecting Chernihiv and Kyiv regions were underway. There are two more 330 kV lines, where 7 new metal pylons should to be installed. Currently, sites for their installation were being prepared. A switcher and an autotransformer at the 750 kV substation in the Kyiv region were repaired. Inspection and replacement of equipment at a high-voltage substation in the Sumy region was carried out. Electricity market performance Day-ahead market (DAM): For April 21, the DAM weighted average settlement price - after a slight decrease in two days - slightly increased and amounted to 2,343.36 UAH/MWh (+1.2% vs the previous trading day). Moreover, a moderate decline in exchange prices in the Eastern European markets has led to a reduction in their gap with Ukraine. Prices in the markets of Slovakia, Hungary and Romania are almost equal and 3 times higher than the Base DAM price index of Ukraine. The price spread with the Polish market is significantly lower and has remained unchanged - 2 times. At the same time, Ukraine is not able to take advantage of market situation and increase electricity exports to the EU countries given the trial mode of synchronous operation with the ENTSO-E. As of April 21, the total volume of trading on DAM virtually unchanged to 23,723.1 MWh (-1.3% vs the previous day). At the same time, a significant reduction in the volume of bids of electricity to 204.782.8 MWh (-27.1%) reduced the level of market surplus - the gap with the volume of purchase bids decreased from 11.7 to 8.6 times. The structure of trading on DAM remained relatively stable. Only producers sold electricity on DAM, and in the structure of purchase 74.4% belonged to suppliers, 25.2% - to network operators, about 0.4% - producers and traders. Intraday market (IDM): On April 20, the weighted average price of electricity on IDM significantly decreased to 2,386.09 UAH/MWh (-9.3% vs the previous day). Instead, the volume of trading increased by 50% and amounted to 691.7 MWh. At the same time, a relatively smaller increase in sale bids to 29,681.1 MWh (+21.7%) led to a reduction in market surplus - the gap with the volume of purchase bids decreased from 53 to 43 times. On April 20, the structure of trade on IDM also underwent significant changes. As on the DAM, only producers sold electricity, while 55.2% of the purchase structure was occupied by suppliers, 29.9% by producers and 14.9% by network operators. Disruption and resumption of supply According to the Cabinet of Ministers, as of 20:00 on April 20, 934 settlements were disconnected from electricity, a total of 757,500 consumers. During the day, electricity supply was resumed to more than 35,500 consumers. Large-scale power supply disruptions and, consequently, active recovery works were taking place: • in the Donetsk region, according to DTEK, supplies to 65,148 consumers in 17 settlements completely or partially were resumed during the day; more than 234 settlements (282 000 consumers) remained without electricity supply; • in the Luhansk region, 34 settlements remained without electricity supply - 21 completely, 13 partially (104,343 consumers); • in the Kyiv region, according to DTEK, supplies to 1,390 consumers in 26 settlements were resumed during the day; 76,000 consumers in 119 settlements remained without electricity; • in the Kharkiv region, according to DTEK, supplies to 4,800 consumers were resumed during the day; 225 settlements remained without electricity supply; • in the Kherson region, as of 16:00 on April 20, 40,870 consumers in 67 settlements remained without electricity; • in the Zaporizhzhia region, as of 20:00 on April 20, 80 settlements (28,937 consumers) remained completely without electricity; due to active hostilities, no repairs were carried out; • in the Chernihiv region, power supply to 51 of the region's 57 communities has already been restored, and electricity supply to the city of Chernihiv has been partially restored; according to DTEK, the number of consumers offline was 5,632; • In the Mykolaiv region, according to DTEK, supply to 336 consumers was resumed; 91 settlements (32,600 consumers) were left without electricity. • in the Sumy region, according to DTEK, supply to 1,331 consumers was resumed; 11 settlements (353 consumers) remained without electricity; • there was no up-to-date information on power supply in the Dnipropetrovsk region at the time of the review preparation. Gas Sector: As of April 19, the transit of Russian gas through the territory of Ukraine amounted to 55.2 mcm, which is less than the previous day level. At the same time, these volumes account for only half of the capacity contracted by Gazprom (109 mcm per day). There were no physical imports of gas from the EU that day. Gas transit through Ukraine (at Sokhranivka and Sudzha interconnection points), mcm Source: GTSOU Disruption and resumption of supply The Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kherson, and Mykolaiv regions had the most challenging situation in gas supply. According to the Cabinet of Ministers, as of April 20, the gas supply was restored to 7,300 consumers in a day; over 240,000 consumers were left without gas supply. In total, after the liberation of the territories, the DSOs operating in the Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Sumy regions restored supply to 190,000 households. In the Kyiv region, as of April 20, gas distribution was completely or partially restored in 8 settlements. The gas flows started in 3 settlements of the region. Launch works continued in the city of Bucha and the town of Kotsyubynske. Restoration works were also underway in 10 settlements. In total, gas distribution in 95 settlements has been completely or partially restored. According to the Zaporizhzhia Regional Military Administration, as of the morning of April 21, almost 65,377 consumers in 81 settlements remained without gas supply. Last night, in the city of Polohy, the operation of a cabinet-type gas control point, which was shut down on April 16 due to intense hostilities, was restored. The cabinet-type gas control points damaged by shelling and the low- pressure gas distribution pipeline in the city of Orikhiv were also restored. At the same time, low- pressure distribution gas pipelines were damaged by shelling in Orikhiv last night. The Luhansk Regional Military Administration Head Serhii Haidai reported that 38 settlements remained with no gas supply - 30 completely and 8 partially (109,029 consumers). Reconstruction works continued if possible: in Hirske and Lysychansk, gas supply to several thousand families was partially restored. However, these are individual cases; in general, the situation with the provision of utilities is critical, especially in settlements at the frontline. In the Donetsk region, intense hostilities continued. As a result, gas infrastructure also suffered. On April 20, a gas pipeline to one of the villages was destroyed, shutting off gas supply to 608 consumers. At the same time, previously damaged networks to 70 households were restored. The Mykolaiv Regional Military Administration reported damage to 101 gas infrastructure facilities since the beginning of the war. 9 settlements remained without gas completely or partially (1,602 consumers). At the same time, gas supply was restored in the city of Mykolaiv (2 addresses). In the Kherson region, as of April 20, 19,692 consumers (in particular, 5 settlements of the Stanislav community and 16 settlements of the Beryslav district) did not have gas supply. The Kharkiv Regional Military Administration reported damage to a main gas pipeline due to enemy shelling in the Izyum district, leaving 6,000 families in 15 settlements without supply. The repair crews could not reach the accident scene due to enemy shelling. In the Chernihiv region, as of April 20, 6,000 households remained without gas. These are residents of 27 settlements that have suffered significant damage due to hostilities. The gas infrastructure of the city of Chernihiv suffered the most from enemy attacks. Emergency crews continued to restore gas supply in almost 30 settlements; since the beginning of the war, gas distribution has been restored to 35,500 households. Operational information on gas supply in the Sumy region was not available at the time of the review preparation. Countermeasures of Ukrainian Companies and Public Authorities The International Expert Group at the President of Ukraine (Yermak-McFaul group) presented an action plan, addressed to international partners, to strengthen sanctions on Russia. The 10-point plan includes a full oil embargo and a reduction of gas imports by two thirds in 2022. The complete suspension of Russian gas imports by 2027 can be achieved gradually: by imposing restrictive import duties, payments on escrow accounts, substitution with alternative energy sources or suppliers. Among the important steps, the authors also mention extending restrictions on blends, energy security certification of gas infrastructure, consolidation of gas purchases in the EU. The President Volodymyr Zelenskyi in a video address announced that, among the forthcoming sanctions, it would be critical to impose an oil embargo and a complete restriction on the supply of oil products from Russia. Also, the implementation of all points of the Yermak-McFaul group plan would make it impossible to finance the Russian “military machine”. The government approved an additional mechanism for temporary accommodation for internally displaced persons. Such housing will be constructed in the regions of Ukraine, where no hostilities are taking place, and according to standard construction projects using modern fast construction technologies. No information on energy performance of such buildings was reported. The National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission revoked the licenses of five energy companies controlled by Russian residents. These include licenses for electricity production of LLC "PV Solar Station", LLC "Ekopromenergia"; for electricity supply of LLC "Steel Energy", for supply of natural gas of LLC "Alacor City", for heat production of LLC “Istek''. The NEURC also announced an open meeting on April 26, with the following draft decisions on the agenda: • prolongation of price restrictions on auxiliary services and revision of minimum prices on DAM and IDM, of maximum price on the balancing market of electricity; • assignment of obligations to the universal service suppliers to purchase electricity from households under feed-in tariff for the period of martial law, while the TSO must reimburse 19.5% of such suppliers’ tax liabilities each month (quarter) and cover the remaining costs 45 days after the martial law expiration; • introduction of restrictions on information to be required by the NEURC from the licensees, as well as exemption of energy companies from notification of changes (in management, bank accounts, premises, additional telephone numbers, faxes, e-mails); • resumption of implementation of 2022 investment programs by electricity DSOs, updating them without holding public hearings; • granting permission to write off debts of Vinnytsiagaz Zbut, Volyngas Zbut, Sumygaz Zbut to Naftogaz (1.2 billion UAH in total), with the auditors opinion by CRESTON UKRAINE LLC (on receivables from gas sales due to failure to adjust volumes to standard conditions) serving as the basis for such write-off. The Minister of Energy Herman Halushchenko stated that the 2022/2023 heating season Ukraine plans to pass without Russian energy. This heating season, the supply of coal was diversified - more than half of the coal imported in 2021/2022 winter period arrived from the sea (1.424 million tons). The Acting President of Energoatom Petro Kotin announced intention to launch a Westinghouse nuclear fuel assembly line in Ukraine within the next 3-4 years. Meanwhile, Ukraine plans to increase purchases of Westinghouse fuel to completely replace Russia's TVELs. Sources: The alerts are developed based on collected, verified, and analyzed information reports of over 100 official sources: ministries, state agencies, network operators, and energy companies. Information was collected only from official websites and official social media accounts. 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