The Power of Porn: How Pornography affects People, Relationships and Society Mary Anne Layden, Ph D Director Sexual Trauma and Psychopathology Program Center for Cognitive Therapy Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania The Power of Porn Sexual Violence and Pornographic Exploitation How it affects individuals: you and others How it affects the society How you can make it better for you, for others and the society The Power of Porn It’s hard to solve the problem when you don’t know the cause. The Power of Porn The Society has become Pornified Sex is a product The body is a commodity The Power of Porn If it is a product, You can sell it You can steal it The Power of Porn Sexual Exploitation Industry Is the selling Sexual abuse and violence is the stealing The Power of Porn Sexual Exploitation Industry includes Pornography, Strip clubs, Prostitution, Sex Trafficking Sexual Violence and Abuse includes Sexual harassment, rape, sexual abuse, incest The Power of Porn Sexual Exploitation Industry And Sexual Abuse Are a Seamless Interconnected Continuum The Power of Porn Learning Pornified Learning • Pictures are compact carriers of meaning. • Learning is deeper in the presence of arousal. • Learning is deeper if we have role models who are rewarded for behaviors. Pornified Learning • Learning is deeper if we are rewarded for behavior. The orgasm is very rewarding. • Antisocial behaviors are learned and expressed more if we are anonymous. Pornified Learning Pictures Aroused Role models Rewards Anonymous Pornified Learning Pornography Especially Internet Pornography Is the Perfect Learning Environment Pornified Learning Except that everything it teaches you is a lie Pornified Learning Psychologists call Internet Pornography the new Crack Cocaine Pornified Learning What is it teaching us? Pornified Learning What is it teaching us? Permission-Giving Beliefs Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs • Pornography produces Permission-Giving Beliefs • Permission-Giving Beliefs are beliefs that say what I am doing is normal, doesn’t hurt anyone, and everyone is doing it, etc. • Therefore, I don’t need to change my behavior. • Those who have a problem with my behavior are wrong, crazy, prudish. Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs Pornography teaches: • All people want sex with all people all the time. • Women enjoy being raped • Women enjoy degrading sex • Women enjoy violent sex • Children enjoy sex with adults Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs • You don’t need to know your partner • Sex with strangers is the best and most intense kind of sex Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs • Sex is recreational • Sex is adversarial • In sex, focus only on your own pleasure. There is no need to consider the needs or feelings of others. • Sex is a male entitlement • Men “need” sex • Women’s bodies are just sexual entertainment for men. Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs • Internet Pornography tends to be designer sex. You keep clicking until you find the idealized image or the preferred image of the moment. Expecting perfect and arrangable (“clickable”) body types is unrealistic and leads to dissatisfaction in real relationships. • Pornography includes performers who never say no and never reject sexual advances. Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs Consequences • Increases unrealistic expectations about others • Increases entitlement to have sex • Increases frustration with others who do say no • Reduces the awareness and skill of noticing the unwillingness of partners Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs • Sex is not about intimacy, caring, love or respect • Sex is not about marriage or having children Pornified Permission-Giving Beliefs Pornography and violence images: 304 scenes in pornographic videos analyzed • 88.2% scenes contained physical aggression: spanking, gagging, and slapping, etc. • 48.7% of scenes contained verbal aggression: name-calling, etc. • Teaching the viewer that violence is sexy Pornified Thinking What pornified men think • That women enjoy rape • That she “got what she wanted” when she was raped • That women make false accusations of rape • More acceptance of the rape myth • That rapists deserve less time in prison What pornified men think • They have an adversarial view of sex • They have more sexually callous beliefs What pornified men think They have increased estimates of how often others: • group sex • sex with animals • sex with violence What pornified men think • They are more accepting of violence against women • They use more sexual terms to describe women • They see women as sex objects • They have reduced support for the women’s liberation movement What pornified men think • They rate their partners as less attractive • They are less satisfied with their partner’s sexual performance What pornified men think • They have a greater desire for sex without emotional involvement • They have a greater acceptance of sex outside of marriage for married individuals • They are less child centered during marriage • They are less desiring of female children What pornified men think • They are more willing to have sex with 13-14 year-olds • They are more sexually attracted to children • They are less likely to think pornography needs to be restricted from children Pornified Behavior How pornified men behave Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Premature ejaculation Retarded ejaculation • 58% of male pornography users (average age 25) had erectile dysfunction with women but not with pornography. How pornified men behave • They have more sex partners • They are less attracted to their partners • They are less interested in actual sex with their partners • They try to get their partners to act out scenes from pornographic films How pornified men behave • They have affairs if they are married • They go to prostitutes How pornified men behave Men who go to strip clubs are more likely to engage in non-consensual sex than those who do not go to strip clubs
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