Improving the Agriculture Income through Skill Improvement of the agriculture labourers (landless) in Madhya Pradesh Submitted By: Sunrise Rural Development Society Village Post: Shahpur, Disrict: Betul, - 460440 Madhya Pradesh, Pin460440, Ph.No:9425341607 E-mail: sunrise.ngo@gmail.com Contact Person: Mr.Azad Sondhiya. Mobile No: 7415244322 A. Background SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 About 74% population of M.P. resides in rural areas. Around 65 percentage of the total landholdings belong to small and marginal farmers occupying only 26 percent of the cultivableland. The net sown area is about 147.90 lakh hectares. The gross cropped area is 202.16 lakhhectares. The ratio of Kharif to Rabi crops is 1: 0.79 during 2006-07. The total irrigated area of the State is 43.3 % and remaining area is rain fed. The cropping intensity of the State is136%. Out of 11 agro climatic zones of the country, Madhya Pradesh has 11 agro climatic zones. The state is first in producing soybean, pulses, grams and garlic an comes in the list of first five states in producing wheat chill, coriander in the country Madhya Pradesh is one of the leading states in growing banana, orange, mango and lemon fruits. The state contributes the highest 30 per cent forest area to the total forest area of the country. Medicinal plants of around 2200 varieties are available in Madhya Pradesh forest. The state has 14 per cent ‘pashudhan’ (cattle wealth) of the country which contributes 12 per cent to the to the milk production of the country. The State has about 70 percent rain fed farming area. Erratic and uneven distribution ofrainfall is the major constraint for achieving targeted level of production. Due to failure of rains, drought condition also prevails almost every year in one part or the other. SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 B. Rationale: India is a country rich in human resources by virtue of its demographic dividend. India is the country with the second largest population in the world. Amongst a population of about 1.3 billion, about 68.84 per cent live in rural areas (Census 2011, GoI) which comprises more than two third of the total population. About 57.8 per cent, that is 9.02 crore out of estimated 15.61 crore rural households are engaged in agriculture (NSSO, 2012-13). In spite of a significant share of Indian population deriving livelihood from agriculture, the Indian agricultural scenario is quite pathetic. Farmers are quitting agriculture and youth are migrating to urban areas as farming gradually becomes an unprofitable venture. Indian agriculture suffers from low productivity, land and irrigation issues, pressure due to urbanisation and increase in population, natural vagaries, fluctuating prices, market risks and economic insecurity. The increasing number of farmer suicides bear proof of this very fact. Indian agriculture is at crossroads and the need of the hour is not only to make farming as profitable venture to attract and retain those who want to quit farming but also enhance agricultural productivity and hence income to solve the issue of disguised unemployment in agricultural work force of India. The possible solution to this problem can be skill development of agricultural labour from the excluded community including women. The agricultural workforce over the years is gradually declining in India given the increasing failure of farming to ensure remunerative returns. It is assumed that India is losing 2000 farmers every day since 1999 (Sainath, 2013). Moreover whatever workforce is engaged in agriculture, survives on just a seventh of the GDP implying earning of farmer less than a fourth of what others do on an average SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 (Gupta, 2015). The following points just highlight the current crisis of Indian agriculture • 263 million people (54.6%) are engaged in the agriculture sector and over half of them are now agricultural labourers (Census, 2011) • In agriculture sector about 18.5% of the workers were skilled in 2009-10 (IAMR), of which less than 0.5 per cent have formal technical education Hence it can say that agriculture needs to be made more profitable, attractive and enterprising so that not only the rural to urban migration is reduced but also farmers start taking pride in their profession. For this it need to develop skills among our farmers in various aspects of farming so that the traditional, time and cost consuming methods are replaced by scientific, modern, economic and efficient methods. Rural youth once skilled in farming and related enterprises can choose self employment in their own villages with Government help instead of migrating to unknown cities leaving their families behind SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 C. SWOT Analysis of Agriculture and its workforce Weakness Strength • Farmers quitting farming • 161 mha of arable land • Farmers’ suicide • 55 mha of irrigated land • Declining active workforce in agriculture • Disguised unemployment • 27.5% of population is between 15- • Low productivity 29 years of age of which about 70% • Low profits live in rural areas • Unattractive and traditional • 45% of rural youth migrate to cities • 62% population in India is between • Average age of India is 29 years but of a age 15-59 years farmer is 55 years • Rural children now hardly learn farming techniques from parents • Less exposure of rural children to field conditions • Educating youth in agriculture is a global challenge as farming has to be made hi- tech • 12.9% youth unemployed • 98% of farming is unorganized Opportunities Threats • Youth are techno philic so scientific • 5 crore increase in population every and modern farming methods can year attract them • Urbanisation at the cost of • Agri business enterprises agricultural land • Entrepreneurship trainings • Increasing pressure on agriculture to • Export opportunities ensure food security of 1.3 • Increasing demand of value added billionIndians and processed food products SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 D. Target Group: Agricultural labourers especially the landless are one of the most vulnerable in rural area as they are the most oppressed. There are 12.2 million agricultural labourers in MP according to 2011, which has increased by 4.9 percent in 10 years, but the number of farmers has come down by 1.193 million. They are living an insecure and underpriviledge life with full of uncertainity. They do face the problems of unemployment and underemployment, because agriculture depends on the mercy of monsoon. They are unemployed because there is no work on the farms round the year and alternative source of employment do not exist. Agricultural labourers are unskilled workers and carrying agricultural operations in traditional way and majority of them are generally conservative, tradition bound and lack trainings. There is hardly any motivation for change or improvement. They are unorganized and it is difficult for them to bargain with land owners and secure good wages. As most of the agriculture laborers are from most vulnerable social group like SC/ST and OBC, first preference will be given to most vulnerable population. The project will focus on empowering agricultural labourers on farming operations and maintenance of farming equipment like tractor, diesel pump sets etc and making farming sustainable and profit-yielding enterprise. 100 % landless agricultural labourers will be targetted/selected to improve their skills on agriculture operations and know-how on agricultural equipments for the project from SC/ST or OBC background. A total of 500 persons will be targeted in 5 districts @100 persons per district under this project E. Project Time frame: 18 months F. Project Area: The project will be implemented in 5 districts i.e. Mandla, Chhindwara, Harda,Betulr & Hosangabad of MP as pilot. After the successful implementation of the project this can be scaled in other districts of MP to enhance the productivity of agriculture and reduce the cost of agriculture in the state of Madhya Pradesh G. Project Strategy: The project objective is to enhance the skills of agriculture labourers/youths on modern agriculture equipment with the support of technology. The key strategy is skill development training to the youth. There will be a training of in house training of 25 days and practical training of 25 days (Training Plan in attached in Annexure) will be conducted for the selected beneficiaries. The training will be provides on different stretches over a period of time based on SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 the agriculture seasons( Rabi and khariff). The training is focused on enhancing the skills to use the modern equipment’s related to agriculture such as driving a tractor and maintenance of it, Repair and maintance of Tilege equipment and field operation of soil farming equipment, harvesting and thrashing equipment, spraying and dusting, etc. The idea is to develop SMART Agriculture workers in every district with improved knowledge of agriculture operations and know-how of agriculture equipments. It is an innovative intervention first of its kind in the state of MP to strengthening the capacity of Small and Marginal farmers. Majority of farmers they depend on landless labourers belong to ST and SC. These agri labour are getting social security under the Mukhyamantri Mandoor Suraksh scheme but no skill development input engaged in their own profession. These smart workers will be connected through a network managed by Gramodyog sansthan so that these resources get utilized across the district. These trainees will be orgnised into a SELF HELP GROUPS as per the norms and these groups will be linked with the NRLM to access the benefit of the schemes. They will go under this training programme and as a result they will produce organic manure for their own needs as well as for sale purpose. They will not only get regular income through selling of organic manure but also this organic manure will improve the soil health. Each and every beneficiary trained under the project will be given a SMART TOOL KIT for the daily operational use. These beneficiaries were not only trained on modern equipment’s but also basic agricultural practices to be done in their respective district. More over Project also envision to continuously support the beneficiary through continued agricultural education through the help of a mobile application. This application will help the youths to continuously update their knowledge and review the knowledge they have gained. Mobile Application will also gave information about the weather forecasting and market scenario. Training on know-how of farming equipments including crop reseduce management, land preparation, planting, crop management, harvesting and post-harvest processing. The empowered agricultural laboureres will reduce the service cost of machine and tools and labour by up to 50% for the farmers. Farmers will be benefited from their service of bare foot engineers and also save lot of time and transportation cost on machine and service. H. Key objective of the Project 1) To provide skilled men power for Agriculture Production 2) To minimize external inputs in production system. 3) To use scientific temperament in use of synthetic inputs and soil friendly agricultural practices 4) To safeguards the health of agriculture labours and Nature during handling of operating Machines, tools and Chemicals SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 I. Project Framework Project Description Indicators Source of Verification Overall Objective :Contribute to enha ➢ Increased skills of 500trainees ➢ Impact assessment r ncingthe skills of disadvantaged youth in one district Madhya Pradesh eport and agriculture labourers ➢ Quarterly, Half yea through vocational and skill rly and trainings in Madhya Pradesh Annual Report Purpose 1: Improved skillsof unemploy ➢ 100 % beneficiary to be trained - ed youth, through vocational and skill under various skills and trades - Training Report , Train trainings on agriculture 100% trainees received a ing SMART tool kit partners agreement and ➢ Migration is controlled certificates - ➢ Improve in the income of the Monthly and Quarterly youth progress reports Results 1.1 : A pool of skilled ➢ 500 skilled youth available in Training Application, - agriculture workers placed in each the district Training register - district of project implemented ➢ Network was registered as Training completion cooperative society for certificates - agriculture labors Training Reports - Monthly Progress Repo rts Society registration report Result 1.2 : Improved agriculture ➢ Area under cultivation increased Monthly Reports - practices and production output by 25% Quarterly Reports ➢ Production of agricultural Agriculture department output increased by 20% data Result 1.3 : A mobile application was ➢ Mobile application developed Mobile application created for continued agriculture ➢ No of installed application result education and for agriculture related information Activity 1.1.1: Recruitment of project teamProject Coordinator, Accounts cum admin assistant and 5 community organisers Activity 1.1.2 : Orientation and training to Project team Activity 1.1.3 : Development of training curriculum and pedagogy Activity 1.1.4 : Conducting community assessment to select beneficiaries for the trainees Activity 1.1.5 : Selection and Initial contact with Training partners Activity 1.1.6 : Conducting vocational training on Agriculture skill building Activity 1.1.7 : Distribution of SMART tool kit to the trainees Activity 1.1.8 : Building linkage with financial institutions, vendors, marketing agencies andother stakeh olders Activity 1.1.9 : Registration of cooperative society Activity 1.1.10 conducting impact assessment by external consultant SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 Activity 1.2.1 : Practical trainings on basic agriculture practices as per Ravi & Kharif season Activity 1.2.2 : Linkages with the agriculture department and KVK Activity 1.3.1. Selection of IT agency Activity 1.3.2 Development of mobile application Activity 1.3.3 Continuous agriculture education videos uploaded in the application J. Outcome: (i) Increased knowledge and understanding of Agriculture operations and tools of Agriculture labourers. (ii) Reduction in cost of agriculture operations by handling equipment and adequate uses of chemicals in the process. (iii) Enhancement in agricultural productivity and income leads to food security of the state (iv) Improvement in the income for the agriculture labours and farmers lead to better quality of life of their families. (v) Reduced in migration of agriculture labourer for livelihoods. (vi) Moving towards organic farming by Small and Marginal Farmers (vii) Increased know-how on farming equipments of labourers will save time and money for the farmers by up to 50%. K. Budget S.N0 Activities Costing Total 1. Training program on use of 50,000 per person x 500,00,000 modern agriculture equipment beneficiaries = and agriculture practice 2. Smart Tool Kit 50,000 per person x 500,00,000 1000beneficiaries = 3. Administrative expenses 10% of total cost 10,000,000 TOTAL BUDGET 110,000,000 Eleven crore Rs Only SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 Annexure 1: Training Plan DAY-1 • Introduction of the program among selected Beneficiaries • Concept of Agriculture and allied activities. • Problems in Modern System of Agriculture and their resolutions. • Natural / Ecological / Organic farming concept and its future DAY-2 • Land preparation based on cropping system and topography of the field. • Need and importance of Land preparation • Machine used in Land preparation and its operations. Day-3 • Demonstration of Equipments used in Land preparation. • Parts and function of the Machine during the operation. • Plain, Ridge & Furrow method of Land preparation for different crops (Vegetables, sugar cane etc.) Day-4 • Bunding of the field with Agro forestry approach • Design of the Land using multicrop / mixed crop approach • Crop selection as per the farmers need, soil test report, nourishment and water conversation. Day-5 • soil testing, method of soil sample collect • Need & importance. • Understanding of the Lab test report in term of applying Fertilizers i.e. calculation method of NPK and other elements. Day-6 • Techniques to provide basal dose of Fertilizers before sowing of seeds. • Soil moisture and irrigation management during sowing. Day-7 • Seed Biology • Seed procurement based on good quality. • Seed Germination Test and calculation for seed requirement. • Seed Treatment -Need and Importance • Chemical method of seed treatment • Biological method of seed Treatment • Importance of treated seed in production. Day-8 • Sowing process, difference and importance of different process • On productivity. • Instruments used in sowing and its part with their uses Day-9 • Irrigation techniques during crop in the field • Importance of different methods of irrigation with reference to crop needs and water conservation. SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 • Design and handling of Flood irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation and sprayer pump. Day-10 Handling of different parts of Drip irrigation and sprinkler system. • Assembling of different parts of water saving irrigation system. • Calculation of fertilizer and chemical inputs (Fungicides, weedicides, pesticides etc.) to be used in irrigation system as per crop & diseases Day-11 Nursery Raising • Bed preparation for vegetables, Horticulture, Agro forestry crop. • Need of green net and for better plant growth. • Insect management during nursery. Day-12 Crop Management • Nutrition based on crop to be taken • Symptoms of deficiency of different nutrients appeared on different stages of leaves. • Input supply techniques to resolve the deficiency Day-13 Pest Management and control • Diseases caused by bacteria, fungus, and viruses • Symptoms of causes in different crops and its control measures. • Formulation of different concentrates of fungicides, pesticides and its application methodology. • Balanced Use of pesticides as per crops that includes mixing and sprayers Day-14 Insects management and control • Insects attack based on different crops. • Identification of ‘Friends and Enemy’ insects. • Calculation of hold value of insect attack. Day-15 Insect life cycle of different insect on different crop. • -Formulation of doses as prescribed by Scientist../ Agro Pharma company Day-16 Crop management • Climate stress • Identification of stress due to temp, dry spell, rainfall. • Control measures as much as possible by chemical, Bioloical means Day-17 Harvesting • Machine uses in the process. • Different parts , its role and assembling • Precaution during operations. • First aid to victim. Day-18 Threshing of filed crop o Machine used, awareness of different parts with its role and SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021 assembling process. o Precautions during handling Day-19 Crude sorting and grading in different crops like vegetables, Horticulture, Day-20 Storage Process • Drying of the produce – different process for different crop. • Storage equipment and their clearing • Types of storage bins and containers • Uses of different chemicals, biological methods to the process Day-21 Safe handling of operations of Agriculture • Chemicals used as seed treatment, insect ,weed, herbs, stress, fruit bearing, storage management. • First aid to reduce the risk of victim. Day-22 Repair and maintenance of tractors • How to drive tractor • Tools Installations and maintenance of tractors Day 23 Repair and maintenance of farming equipment’s Day 24 Selection, operation and maintenance of plant protection machinery Day 25 Vermi composting and Organic farming • Development of Vermi composting • Organic farming methods Other than the 25 days in house training, 25 days of practical training will be given in the field so that the selected candidates able to demonstrate and learn what they have trained on. Gramodyog sansthan will also try to provide certification from reputed agencies for the beneficiaries. SRDS_Skill_Agri_2021
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