International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 6-8, 2016, India Metropolitan Water Tank Pollution Monitoring and Purification using PID Control Ninad D. Mehendale, O. A. Sharma, S. A. Shah, S. L. Vishwakarma Abstract—Normal water contains particulate matter PID controllers provide feedback mechanism to control including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, parameters being checked [4]. We used this PID controller to viruses, fungi and a range of dissolved and particulate control pH Level as 7 ± 0.2, to give UV treatment, to perform alum material derived from the surfaces, that water may have made contact with after falling as rain. This contaminates treatment for specific time, to perform filtration periodically and water for household and drinking purposes. Utilization of give results on a LCD screen which measures and displays such water has a potential to cause water borne diseases like, turbidity, clarity, pH value of the water stored along with the cholera and diarrhea. We have developed purification amount of chemicals added to it. Installation of this system to the system using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) city water tanks can purify water at a large scale thereby controller at water storage tank in metropolitan cities, which helps in controlling pH of water, clarity and presence of decreasing problems of water borne diseases and it can provide microorganisms in water. We used alum treatment followed poor people a better quality of water. This system is easy to install, by filtration for clarity, UV treatment and chlorine for automatic and effective. Only things to care about are that the disinfection and acetic acid/alum, soda ash for pH control. chemicals should be in sufficient quantity to carry out the process. And easily we get water fit for all household purposes. In future, Index Terms—Water purification, UV control we are planning to accommodate a system which can perform mechanism, micro controller water, automatic purifier, PID water profiling which includes measuring presence of ions, control organic matter, and unwanted metals, so as to solve the problem of unwanted ions and other substances which gets dissolved in I. INTRODUCTION water. For example, hard water can be converted into soft water. In this paper we described literature survey in Section II. Section The major source of water for us is the surface and III illustrates the methodology. Section IV discuss about the the ground water, which in many places around the world results and finally conclude with the Section V. is contaminated and neither fit for household purposes nor drinking. It is believed that by 2020, the world may II. LITERATURE REVIEW experience the great scarcity of fresh water as the global population is supposed to reach up to 7.9 billion [1]. Water Previously, Ambashta et al. showed that magnetic separation supplied for drinking, is a major source of microbial offers a great option for purification of water which could be oil pathogens in metropolitan cities along with removal, inorganic ion removal, organic contaminant removal or gastrointestinal diseases. Water supplied by public bacteria removal [5]. It has been demonstrated that providing the utilities is generally treated to minimize the micro- aid of magnetic component to each technique whether adsorption, organism content. However, micro-organisms grow when catalytic processes, membrane processes leads to improvisation in kept static [2]. Nonetheless, the World Health efficiency of separations. A group of researchers have used Organization (WHO) estimates that about 1.1 billion polymeric membranes for water purification. Geoffrey et al. people globally drink unsafe water (Kindhauser, 2003) studied all stages of typical water treatment: prechlorination, and the vast majority of diarrheal disease in the world coagulation, sand filtration, ozonation, granular activated carbon (88%) is attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and filtration and post-chlorination and Huerta-fontela et al found that hygiene [3]. It is also known that intake of acidic or basic 95% amount of the pharmaceutical drugs can be removed by the water causes severe health problems. whole process [6, 7]. Metropolitan purified water was verified While having all these water problems, it becomes using image fusion by Mehendale et al and a general purpose necessary to have a system which purifies water at a large camera [8]. All of these methods of purification are important to scale. PID controller gives us this option to purify water, convert unhealthy water into water fit for household purposes so check contamination and control various other parameters as to maximize water usage and deal with scarcity of water in required for safe water. coming times. Ninad D. Mehendale was with Ninad`s Research Lab, Thane, India III. METHODOLOGY 400602 (email: ninad,mehendale@gmail.com). The setup was installed as a prototype to a 500 ml container. Oshin A. Sharma was with Ninad`s Research Lab, Thane, India Design of the setup: A PID controller which is attached to the 400602 (e-mail: sharma_oshin@live.com). Snehal A. Shah was with Ninad`s Research Lab, Thane, India 400602 water tank has optimum values of pH, clarity (absorbance) fed as (e-mail: snehalshah115@gmail.com). set points. A power supply is connected to the PID via 7805 Sanjay L. Vishwakarma is with Thadomal Shahani Engineering regulator. It checks the parameters at inlet and outlet. A pH meter College, Mumbai, India 400050(email: vishwakarma2709@gmail.com). with two chambers of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate as acid 978-1-5090-0396-9/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 0212 and alkali respectively is attached to it via relay to control the pH of the water. A UV lamp is connected in the tank to provide UV exposure to remove contaminants. A servo motor is mounted at the top of the water tank. Servo has a porous alum container attached to its shaft along with a large net; 1 kg alum is place in that container. A LED is placed inside the tank to provide constant amount of light in order to measure clarity as absorbance. A LCD device is connected to PID which displays the parameter measurement results. Fig. 2. Individual components of the system (a) pH electrode (b) DC 5 Volts relay Fig. 1. The output prototype Working of the setup: when water is filled in the water tank, at the inlet point inside the tank, the pH and the clarity is measured and displayed on LCD. And then mechanism of addition of acid or base according to the requirement gets activated. After pH is maintained, servo motor is switched ON for 2 hours followed by a gap of 5 hours to 6 hours. As servo motor moves, alum is dispensed into the water and the attached net captures macro particulates and is later removed on daily basis. The water is kept still to let the particles settle down n get trapped in the mesh placed at the bottom of the water tank. And all the parameters are checked once again at outlet for future use and to keep manual track. Fig. 3. Individual components of the system; 3(a) is the relay, 3(b) is the Darlington pair, 3(c) is the crystal and 3(d) is the battery. The individual components of the system are listed below: x A pH electrode x Relay x Battery x Regulator Fig. 4. The figure represents the 1mm drill (top) and the bug strip (bottom). x Darlington pair x Crystal x LED x Resistor Fig. 5. The above figure represents a LED (Left) and resistors (Right) x 1mm drill x Bug strip 0213 like a system to control the amount of ions and unwanted dissolved organic substances that we aspire to conjugate with this setup. Moreover, this is a very practical, achievable and easy method to purify water in metropolitan cities. This is a very suitable method because water can be purified without performing much damage to the existing system of purification. PID control allows us to purify the water with minimal time duration. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank Dr. Madhura Mehendale and our friends for their valuable support. Fig. 6. Circuit diagram for the LCD REFERENCES [1] Shilpi Vinod Kumar Gupta, Imran Ali, Tawfik A. Saleh, Arunima Nayaka and Agarwal, “Chemical treatment technologies for waste-water recycling— an overview” RSC Advances, Received 23rd February 2012, Accepted 2nd April 2012 [2] Garvey, Ernest Sydney, and Randolph Euan Irvine Reid. "Water purification systems." U.S. Patent No. 6,017,461. 25 Jan. 2000. [3] WHO 2003a. Quantifying selected major risks to health. The World Health Report 2002. World Health Organization, Geneva (Chapter 4) [4] Venkateswar, Sneha, and Ninad Mehendale. "Intelligent Belt for the Blind." International journal of science and research 3, no. 11 (2012): 1-3. [5] Ambashta, Ritu D., and Mika Sillanpää. "Water purification using magnetic assistance: a review." Journal of hazardous materials 180.1 (2010): 38-49. [6] Geise, Geoffrey M., et al. "Water purification by membranes: the role of polymer science." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 48.15 (2010): 1685-1718. [7] Huerta-Fontela, Maria, Maria Teresa Galceran, and Francesc Ventura. "Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and hormones through drinking water treatment." Water Research 45.3 (2011): 1432-1442. [8] Mehendale ND, Shah SA. Image fusion using adaptive thresholding and cross filtering. In Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2015. IEEE International Conference on 2015 Apr 2 (pp. 0144-0148). Fig. 7. Circuit diagram for the sensors IV. RESULTS . The parameters recorded at the inlet were: visibility was 22 lux, pH was 6.5. The alkali with concentration to be 0.1N added, was 2ml to reach the set point. The alum used was 300 mg. It is also seen from the graph that water reaches from its most turbid state to pure state within the time period of 10 hrs. Posted successfully on our prototype model as in Fig. 1. Water purity (Visibility lux) 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 200 400 600 800 Fig. 8. It is seen from the above graph that water reaches from its most turbid state to pure state within a time period of 10 hrs. V. CONCLUSIONS We performed a suitable and easy setup to purify water using PID controller systems to check the quality of water for household purposes. We got succeeded in making this prototype a practical model. But there are more systems 0214
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