r\f\LO Civil SaviceTesfTutor Professional S Administrate Career Examination #v*» FOR FEDERAL SERVICE ENTRANCE POSITIONS * ^S MPLETE PREPARATION FOR THE EXAM Reading Comprehension Word Knowledge Letter Series Symbol Analogies Deductive Reasoning Data Interpretation Mathematics Sequence of Events Applying General Knowledge INTENSIVE PRACTICE BY THE PROVEN Q & A METHOD EVERY QUESTION FULLY ANSWERED AND EXPLAINED THREE FULL-LENGTH SAMPLE EXAMS WITH EXPLANATORY ANSWERS OPENS THE DOOR TO DOZENS OF GOVERNMENT SERVICE CAREERS Aurora with information. Aurora Public Library UBOWA PUB1 If. ( IBM I" AURORA PL :dRARY T MD JUL a 4*86 The Arco Self- Tutor for 3 1277 00114 9092 2RTHWEST READIMO CP*TER car DATE DUE PROFESSIONA ADMINISTRATl CAREER EXAMINATION n»- . .. ,ji JiJ^-O-L^ ^~ 16' j MAI n*+ 7HJBT ~~ P 2 1985 49fe 15W PROPERTY OF A1QRA PUBLIC LISRARY AURORA. COLORADO NORTHWEST READING CENTER ro© 219 Park Avenue South New York, N.Y. 10003 / JAN Third Edition B-3739 First Printing COPYRIGHT © 1980 by Arco Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by any means, without permission from the publisher. Published by ARCO PUBLISHING, INC. 219 Park Avenue South. New York, NY 10003 \ Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Professional and administrative career examination. (The Arco self -tut or for high test scores) 1. Civil service— United States — Examinations. I. Sperry, Ralph A. II. Bernbach, Linda. JK716.T8UU 1980 353.005 79-19707 ISBN 0-668-OU852-2 Printed in the United States of America 3 1277 00114 9092 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Patricia Ellen Asta, M.S., M.A. -- Sequence of Events, Applying General Knowledge Linda Bernbach, B.S. -- Synonyms, Letter Series, Symbol Analogies, Mathematics Elfrieda Schreiner -- Symbol Analogies Jeanne Scofidio -- Letter Series Stephen Slavin, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, Union College, Cranford, New Jersey -- Data Interpretation Ralph A. Sperry, B.A. -- Sequence of Events, Applying General Knowledge, Deductive Reasoning Eve P. Steinberg, M.A. -- Reading, Letter Series, Mathematics > AA||Yp||WA HOW TO USE THIS INDEX I Al L Al I V Slightly band th. right hind adgi VVI1 Lll I O of tha book This will aipoaa the corratponding Parts which match tha mda«. balow WHAT THIS BOOK WILL DO FOR YOU 7 PART PART ONE: APPLYING AND STUDYING FOR YOUR EXAM LET'S TALK ABOUT PACE 11 ALL ABOUT THE EXAM 18 f\ TECHNIQUES OF STUDY AND TEST-TAKING 34 ^ PART TWO: A SAMPLE EXAM FOR SELF-APPRAISAL J FIRST VERISIMILAR PROFESSIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAREER EXAMINATION 41 Understanding and Using Written Language 45 f Deriving General Principles from Particular Data 57 Analyzing Data and Deriving Conclusions 55 Deriving General Principles from Particular Data 64 |» Understanding and Solving Quantitative Problems 68 [J Deriving Conclusions from Incomplete Data 73 STEPS TO TAKE AFTER THE SAMPLE TEST 78 Key answers 79 Q Explanatory answers 80 PART THREE: VERBAL ABILITY Practice Tests with explanatory answers to every question. TOP SCORES ON VOCABULARY TESTS 107 READING COMPREHENSION 123 WORD LIST 139 PART FOUR: REASONING ABILITY Tips for scoring high. Explanations for each practice question. LETTER SERIES 153 SYMBOL ANALOGIES 171 DEDUCTIVE REASONING 181 DATA INTERPRETATION 196 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS 218 APPLYING GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 233 .continued on next page CONTENTS continued » PART PART FIVE: QUANTITATIVE ABILITY Intensive Review. Practice Problems with detailed solutions. FRACTIONS 253 DECIMALS 259 PERCENTS 264 FRACTIONAL AND MIXTURE PROBLEMS 268 PROFIT AND LOSS 272 INTEREST 278 TAXATION 283 RATIO AND PROPORTION 287 WORK PROBLEMS 293 DISTANCE PROBLEMS 300 GEOMETRIC FIGURES 304 SERIES 312 PART SIX: FINAL PREPARATION AND PRACTICE - TWO SAMPLE EXAMS SECOND VERSIMILAR PROFESSIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAREER EXAMINATION 321 Understanding and Using Written Language 322 Deriving General Principles from Particular Data 329 Analyzing Data and Deriving Conclusions 333 Deriving General Principles from Particular Data 344 Understanding and Solving Quantitative Problems 348 Deriving Conclusions from Incomplete Data 352 Key Answers 358 Explanatory Answers 359 FINAL VERISIMILAR PROFESSIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAREER EXAMINATION 382 Understanding and Using Written Language 385 Deriving General Principles from Particular Data 392 Analyzing Data and Deriving Conclusions 396 Deriving General Principles from Particular Data 405 Understanding and Solving Quantitative Problems 409 Deriving Conclusions from Incomplete Data 414 Key Answers 420 Explanatory Answers 421 ARCO BOOKS 445 Professional & Administrative Career Exam WHAT THIS BOOK WILL DO FOR YOU Even though this course of study has been carefully planned to help you get in shape by the day your test comes, you'll have to do a little planning on your own to be successful. And you'll also need a few pointers proven effective for many other good students. If you want to take an exam but are reluctant for fear that you've been away from school too long, or for fear that your skills are a bit rusty, don't sell yourself short. You'll get the greatest help from this book by understanding how it has been organized, and by using it accordingly. Study carefully this concise, readable treatment of what is required by your exam, and your way will be clear. You will progress directly to your goaJ. You will not be led off into blind alleys and useless digressions. We believe that you can improve your exam scores measureably with the help of this "self-tutor." It's a carefully thought-out homestudy course which you can readily review in less than twenty hours. It's a digest which you might have been able to assemble after many hundred hours of laborious digging. Since you'll have quite enough to do without that, consider yourself fortunate that we have done it for you. To prepare for a test you must motivate yourself ... get into the right frame of mind for learning from your "self-tutor." You'll have to urge yourself to learn. That's the only way people ever leam. Your efforts to score high will be greatly aided because you'll have to do this job on your own . . . perhaps without a teacher. Psychologists have demonstrated that studies undertaken for a clear goal (which you initiate yourself and actively pursue) are the most successful. You, yourself, want to do very well. That's why you bought this book and embarked on this program. Nobody forced you to do it, and there may be nobody to lead you through the course. Your self-activity is going to be the key to your success in the forthcoming weeks. Used correctly, your "self-tutor" will show you what to expect and will give you a speedy brush-up on the major problems crucial to your exam. Even if your study time is very limited, you will: • gain familiarity with your examination; • improve your general test-taking skill; SlOOj 8 / P. A. C.E. Professional-Administrative Career Exam • improve your skill in analyzing and answering questions involving reason- ing, judgment, comparison, and evaluation; • improve your speed and skill in reading and understanding what you read — an important ability in learning, and an important component of most tests. This book will pinpoint your study by presenting the types of questions you will get on the actual exam. You'll score higher even if you only familiarize yourself with these types. This book will help you find your weaknesses and find them fast. Once you know where you're weak, you can get right to work (before the exam), and concentrate on those soft spots. This is the kind of selective study which yields maximum results for every hour spent. This book will give you thefeel of the exam. Since previous exams are not always available for inspection by the public, our sample test questions are quite important for you. The day you take your exam you'll see how closely the book conforms. This book will give you confidence now,-, while you are preparing for the exam. It will build your self-confidence as you proceed. It will beat those dreaded before-test jitters that have hurt so many other test-takers. This book stresses the modern, multiple-choice type of question because that's the kind you'll undoubtedly get on your exam. In answering these questions you will add to your knowledge by learning the correct answers, naturally. How- ever, you will not be satisfied with merely the correct choice for each question. You will want to find out why the other choices are incorrect. This will jog your memory . . . help you remember much you thought you had forgotten. You'll be preparing and enriching yourself for the exam to come. Of course, the great advantage in all this lies in narrowing your study to just those fields in which you're most likely to be quizzed. Answer enough questions in those fields and the chances are very good that you'll meet a few of them again on the actual test. After all, the number of questions an examiner can draw upon in these fields is rather limited. Examiners frequently employ the same questions on different tests for this very reason. By creating the "climate" of your test, this book should give you a fairly accurate picture of what's involved, and should put you in the right frame of mind for passing high. Arco Publishing Company has been involved with trends and methods in testing ever since the firm was founded in 1937. We have specialized in books that prepare people for exams. Based on this experience it is our modest boast that you probably have in your hands the best book that could be prepared to he\p you score high. Now, if you'll take a little advice on using it properly, we can assure you that you will do well. Professional & Administrative Career Exam PART ONE Applying and Studying For Y)ur Exam i t Professional & Administrative Career Exam LET'S TALK ABOUT PACE The more you know about the exam you will have to face, the better your chances of success. That's just what this chapter is for. To set the stage for the exam to come and spotlight the steps toward scoring high. Here you will find everything you need to know about the exam, from when and where it is given and how to apply, to the kind of test you can expect and how you will be scored. WHAT IS PACE? The Professional and Administrative Career Examination (PACE) is a single written test administered by the Office of Personnel Management (formerly the United States Civil Service Commission) which makes it possible for qualified candidates to be considered for a wide range of entry-level positions in Federal agencies across the country. Using nine different question types, PACE measures those verbal, reasoning and quantitative abilities needed for a great variety of Federal positions. The written test, which requires approximately four and one-half hours to adminis- ter, consists of six separately timed sections which yield five ability area scores. The abilities measured are Understanding and Using Written Language, Deriving General Principles from Particular Data, Analyzing Data and Deriving Conclusions, Understanding and Solving Quantitative Problems, Deriving Conclusions from Incomplete Data Supplemented by General Knowledge. Scores in each area of abil- ity are then weighted according to the requirements of a particular job. About 90% of the jobs filled through PACE are at the GS-5 level. In general, a rating of 80 or above in an occupational specialty is necessary to receive employment con- sideration atthe GS-5 level. Because of the limited number of vacancies at the GS-7 level, a rating of 90 and above is generally necessary to receive employment consid- eration atthis level. EXPERIENCE AND EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS For grade GS-5 positions, the candidate must have: a bachelor's degree or 3 years of responsible experience (as detailed below); or an equivalent combination of education and experience. S-3739 11 12 / P. A. C. E. Professional- Administrative Career Exam For grade GS-7 positions, the candidate must have one of the following: A. a bachelor's degree plus one year of graduate study; or an LL.B. or J.D. degree from a recognized law school; or 4 years of responsible experience; or an equivalent combination of education and experience. B. a bachelor's degree, an earned rating of 90 or above in the written test, plus either a 2.90 grade-point average on a 4.00 scale in all undergraduate courses, or rank in the upper third of your class, or membership in a national honorary society (other than freshman societies) recognized by the Association of College Honor Societies. What is Responsible Experience? Responsible experience is professional, adminis- trative, or other experience which provides evidence of an ability to perform the duties of positions filled through this examination. Experience of a routine clerical nature is not qualifying for this examination. What is an Equivalent Combination? One academic year of full-time undergraduate study (30 semester hours credit or 45 quarter hours credit) is equivalent to 9 months of responsible experience. Class standing or grade-point average. Class standing or grade-point average should be based on all courses which have been completed at the time of application. All candidates qualifying for GS-7 on the basis of class standing or grade-point average will be required to submit evidence at the time of appointment that the required average or standing was maintained through the senior year. Ten-point Veteran Preference. Additional points may be granted to disabled veterans and to the mothers, widows or widowers, and wives or husbands of disabled or deceased veterans. If you think you may be eligible for veteran preference, submit a Standard Form 15, with proof required therein, along with the regular application forms at the time of the written test. Outstanding Scholar Credit. You may receive additional credit toward your numer- ical rating on the written test if your academic record meets one of the following: a 3.50 grade-point average on a 4.00 scale for all undergraduate courses com- pleted toward a baccalaureate degree, or standing in the upper 10 percent of your graduating class or of a major univer- sity subdivision such as the College of Liberal Arts. Citizenship. Only American citizens and American Samoans may apply for compet- itive examinations such as the PACE. Let's Talk About the Exam / 13 HOW TO APPLY FOR THE WRITTEN TEST The Professional and Administrative Career Examination is generally offered twice a year, spring and fall. Information on test dates and application cutoff dates is available from any Federal Job Information Center. There you may also obtain a test scheduling request (form 5000 AB) which you must fill out and submit during the filing period only. Applications received after the cutoff date will be returned. Your application card will be returned to you approximately one week before the test date with information on the time, date and place to report for your test. At this time, you will also receive application forms and sample test questions. These application forms must be completed and brought with you to the examination room. You will not be admitted to the examination room unless these forms are complete. Under the new automated system for processing PACE applications and test papers, applicants will be identified by their social security numbers. You will need a social security number in order to complete the application forms. If you do not have a social security number, apply for one at any Social Security Office. Applications will be accepted from students who expect to complete, within nine months, courses which would permit them to meet the requirements of this examin- ation. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for appointment without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, political affiliations, or any other nonmerit factor. Special testing arrangements are available for applicants who are blind, deaf, or otherwise handicapped. The nature of your disability should be indi- cated on your test scheduling card so that appropriate arrangements can be made. If you are unable to report for the written test on a Saturday because you observe the Sabbath that day, indicate this on your test scheduling card and alternate arrangements will be made. TEST RESULTS AND RE -COMPETITION About eight weeks after taking the written test, you will receive your ratings and an explanation of how they will be used. You will receive a numerical rating for each of the six occupational categories covered by PACE or a reason why if no rating is given for one or more categories. In addition, you may request a form showing the number of questions you answered correctly on each part of the exam together with your percentile ranking in comparison to those taking the exam in November 1976 (the base period to which all PACE scores are compared). Individuals may re-take the PACE examination as often as they wish, provided that they do not take the examination twice in a 30-day period. 14 / P. A. C.E. Professional-Administrative Career Exam JOBS FILLED THROUGH THIS EXAMINATION Following is a brief description of the duties and responsibilities of some of the positions filled through the Professional and Administrative Career Examination. All offer good opportunities for promotion and preparation for other positions, depending upon the quality and effectiveness of your performance. Administrative Officers/Assistants are responsible for a variety of management services essential to the direction and operation of an organization, such as forms management, procurement, and funds control. Agricultural Marketing Specialists analyze, research and perform regulatory work con- cerning the trade and business practices of marke ng agricultural commodities or products. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Inspectors inspect and qualify businesses engaged in the production or use of alcohol, tobacco, or firearms to assure the collection of tax revenue and compliance with regulations regarding their production, storage, sale, or use. Budget Administrators are involved in such areas as planning and reviewing fund require- ments to support programs, presenting budget estimates before fund-granting author- ities, and controlling obligation and expenditure of funds. Building/Housing Managers assure the provision of appropriate space and essential build- ing services to occupants, manage the operations of buildings or housing projects, or evaluate housing or building management programs. Communications Specialists perform technical and analytical work pertaining to the plan- ning, development, utilization, or modification of complex communication systems, facilities, and procedures. Computer Specialists develop new computer program languages or programming tech- niques, develop and analyze computer system requirements, or select specific makes and models of computers and related equipment to be used. (Computer Specialist positions filled through PACE are trainee positions only). Contact Representatives are involved in personal contact with the public for the purpose of providing information on rights, benefits, privileges, or obligations under a body of law and assisting individuals in obtaining these benefits or fulfilling these obligations. Contract and Procurement Specialists perform work concerned with the negotiation, execution, regulation, and termination of Government contracts; the analysis of contract price proposals; or the purchase of supplies and services through formal procurement procedures. Criminal Investigators plan and conduct investigations relating to alleged or suspected violations of Federal criminal laws. Customs Inspectors enforce and administer laws governing the importation or exportation of merchandise by inspecting cargo, baggage, mail, articles worn or carried by persons, and transport carriers entering or leaving the United States. Economists perform duties which include: research into economic phenomena, analysis of economic data, and preparation of interpretive reports on various economic matters. SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS REQUIREMENT - Applicants for economist positions must have at least 21 semester hours (or the equivalent) in economics and 3 semester hours (or the equivalent) in statistics, accounting, or advanced mathematics. / : s Talk About the Exam / 15 Employee Development Specialists plan, administer, and evaluate training programs, analyze training needs, counsel employees in such programs as upward mobility and career development, and develop or teach courses for particular groups of employees. Financial Institution Examiners investigate banks, savings and loan associations, and sim- ilar institutions for the purpose of determining: financial condition, quality of assets, extent of liabilities, accuracy of financial records, and extent of compliance with reg- ulatory laws. Food Assistance Program Specialists develop, evaluate, and promote programs for providing food to low-income families, disaster victims, schools, and non-profit insti- tutions incooperation with State and local governments and community organizations. General Investigators plan and conduct investigations covering the character, suitability, practices, or qualifications of individuals or organizations seeking, claiming, or receiving Federal benefits, permits, or employment. Hospital Housekeeping Managers perform administrative and technical work in the devel- opment, coordination, direction, and management of the maintenance of an environmen- tal sanitation program in a hospital. Immigration Inspectors enforce and administer laws relating to the right of individuals to enter, reside in, or depart from the United States. Import Specialists determine applicable customs duties and associated taxes to be paid on imported merchandise and to assure compliance with customs laws and regulations. Industrial Specialists perform work in developing and executing plans for expanding, converting, or utilizing industrial production facilities; furnishing technical assistance on methods and materials for industrial production; or maintain technical surveillance over Government production operations. Internal Revenue Officers collect deliquent taxes, canvass for unreported taxes due. and take enforcement action to protect Government interests in taxation. Inventory Management Specialists exercise control over various phases of materiel man- agement from initial planning and provisioning determination, through acquisition and distribution, up to the ultimate issue of supplies and equipment for consumption, reten- tion, and disposal. Labor-Management Relations Specialists are concerned with supervisor-employee rela- tions, employee services and rights, collective bargaining, the application of labor laws and standards, and industrial relations between the Government and private contractors. Loan Specialists examine and analyze credit risk factors in loan and mortgage applica- tions, counsel loan applicants regarding personal financial management, investigate prob- lems inloan repayments, and develop policies to govern loan programs. Management Analysts advise on. promote, and improve the efficiency of Government operations in areas of managerial policies and procedures, organizational structure, work methods and procedures, and work reporting and measurement techniques. Paralegal Specialists are involved in such activities as legal research and analysis, case prep- aration forcriminal or civil law proceedings or agency hearings, or adjudicating cases or applications on the basis of laws, rules, and regulations. 16 / P. A.C.E. Professional-Administrative Career Exam Park Managers plan, develop, and manage park programs involving both conserving nat- ural and cultural resources and meeting the public's needs for recreational, inspirational, and educational experiences. Personnel Management Specialists are involved in programs to recruit and evaluate appli- cants for Federal jobs, identify and interview potential employees, evaluate jobs to make salary and qualifications determinations, and establish salary rates for Federal jobs. Program Analysts evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of current and projected oper- ating programs in achieving their objectives by analyzing work operations, problem areas, and program accomplishments; evaluating alternative policies; and recommending pro- gram objectives and operations. Property Utilization Specialists are involved in administrative or technical work in the utilization, merchandising, selling, or marketing of excess or surplus equipment, supplies, materials or real estate. Psychologists generally work in a specialized field such as clinical, counseling, physio- logical, experimental, personnel measurement and evaluation, engineering, or social psychology. SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS REQUIREMENT - Applicants for psychologist positions must have a Bachelor's degree with a minimum of 24 semester hours (or equivalent) in psychology. Public Health Program Specialists provide advice on and assistance to public health pro- grams and related grants programs or conduct analytical studies to identify current and future public health problems. Public Information Specialists disseminate information concerning the activities of the Government through newspapers, radio, television, periodicals, and other informational media. Quality Assurance Specialists perform administrative or technical work in monitoring, controlling, and maintaining the quality and reliability of goods and services within estab- lished acceptability limits. Realty Specialists acquire real property through purchase, lease, or exchange; manage real property to obtain the best ecological and financial return; and dispose of real property by sale, lease, grant, or exchange. Safety Management Specialists manage and perform technical work with safety manage- ment programs and regulations with the objective of eliminating or controlling the physi- cal conditions, operating practices, and other factors which may result in injury to per- sons or damage to property. Security Administrators plan, execute, and evaluate programs involved in assuring the effectiveness of systems and procedures for safeguarding national security information in the areas of personnel, physical, and industrial security. Social Insurance Administrators prepare, interpret, and execute policies and procedures concerning the planning and management of the Federal social security old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance programs. Social Insurance Claims Examiners perform quasi-legal work adjudicating and authorizing claims for retirement, survivor, or disability benefits under the Social Security and Railroad Retirement Acts, or prepare operating policies as they relate to the processing of these claims. Let's Talk About the Exam / 17 Social Science Program Specialists develop and improve standards of program operation, evaluate program policies and procedures, administer and manage programs, provide leadership and technical assistance, and perform research and analysis in programs in one or more of the social sciences. Social Services Representatives provide assistance to individuals served by social welfare programs through interviews and home visits for the purposes of identifying needs and making referrals to sources for appropriate help. Special Agents (Narcotics) plan and conduct investigations relating to violations of Fed- eral narcotics and drug laws through surveillance, interviewing witnesses, searching for evidence, seizing contraband, and making arrests. Supply Managers develop, analyze, and administer policies, methods, and procedures governing the operation of large supply systems; maintain supply accounts; and control the overall distribution of supplies. Supply Specialists perform technical and analytical work in one or more of the following areas: storage, distribution, inventory, packaging, cataloging, and program management. Tax Technicians administer or perform technical work on tax returns to resolve and explain tax liability issues and make correct decisions on such issues based on pertinent tax laws, regulations, and procedures. Veterans Claims Examiners perform quasi-legal work adjudicating and authorizing claims filed by veterans and their dependents or beneficiaries in regard to compensation, disabil- ity pension, death compensation, insurance, and other benefits programs. Wage-Hour Compliance Specialists perform investigative and evaluative work on labor laws and regulations concerning wages, hours, overtime pay, equal pay, safety and health, and other matters affecting working conditions. Writers/Editors write and edit speeches; radio, television, or motion picture scripts; and reports and articles which are to appear in publications, periodicals, or the press. OCCUPATIONS NOT COVERED BY THIS EXAMINATION Many occupations at the GS-5 and GS-7 levels are filled through other announce- ments. Some of these are listed below: Accountant Librarian Architect Mathematician Biologist Statistician Engineer Nurse Guidance Counselor Physical Scientist Health Scientist Recreation Specialist Illustrator Teacher Graphic Designer Trades and Labor (Blue Collar) Positions For more information about these positions, contact the nearest Federal Job Infor- mation Center. Several government agencies also have separate systems for hiring people. These include: Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, Department of State, United States Postal Service. If you are interested in working for one of these agencies, you should contact them directly for information about employment opportunities. Professional & Administrative Career Exam ALL ABOUT THE EXAM It you want a preview of your exam, look these questions over carefully. We did . . . as we compiled them from official announce- ments and various other sources. A good part of this book is based on these prophetic questions. Practice and study material is geared closely to them. The time and effort you devote to the different parts of this book should be determined by the facility with which you answer the following questions. THE WRITTEN TEST The written test makes it possible for an appli- cant to be considered for several different occu- pations through a single examination by meas- uring a number of abilities common to these occupations. Scores in each area of ability will be weighted according to job requirements. The test includes measures of the ability to understand and use written language; the abil- ity to derive general principles from particular data; the ability to analyze data and derive conclusions; the ability to understand, interpret and solve problems presented in quantitative terms: the ability to derive conclusions from incomplete data supplemented by general knowledge; and the ability to discover the log- ical sequence of a series of events. TAKING THE TEST Competitors should give themselves every fair advantage in preparing for and taking the writ- ten test by following the practices and tech- niques suggested below: 1. Since the test is not a knowledge test such as the ones given in school, study- ing for the examination the night before will not be helpful. A good night's rest is a better idea. 2. The sample questions included in this pamphlet should be studied carefully. Also, the instructions included in each section of the actual test should be read as carefully as time will allow. A reason- able amount of time is allotted for this pur- pose in the examination room. 3. Each competitor should bring two medium No. 2 pencils already sharpened. Also, although the examiner will periodically in- dicate the time, it may be advisable to bring a watch as an aid in keeping track of the time during the examination. 4. Competitors should take into considera- tion possible difficulties in finding a park- ing place or in locating the examination room. Extra time should be allowed to avoid running the risk of arriving too late to be admitted to the examination. 5. Competitors must have all required forms completely filled out or they will not be admitted to the examination. Following the above recommendations should help competitors to be relaxed and ready to concentrate fully on the test material. Time limits A definite time limit has been set for each part of the test. These time limits are ample but will not be enough if competitors waste their time on questions for which they do not know the answer. Before each part the examiner will announce the number of questions in that part and the length of time allowed. When the time is announced competitors should check their watches or the room clock, if there is one, so that they know when the time will be up. While competitors are taking the test they should occasionally check the time. The examiner will mention the time 10 minutes before it is up. After this reminder competitors should finish the questions in that section and try to allow a few minutes for making final decisions and checking their answers before the time is up. How to mark the answer sheet Competitors will be instructed to select the best choice of the suggested alternative answers for each question and to record this choice on a separate answer sheet. The question numbers 18