1. to convince someone ... something in for to on of with over 2. to be critical ... ... someone to for on of 3. to plead ... someone in for to on of with over 4. Maria's boss told her that personal items such as photographs should be .... out of sight. covered packed kept held Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor 5. Mike found shipping his belongings overseas to be a dreadful .................. . ordeal oblivion obscurity observance 6. My professor recommended ........ his assistant. her become to become that she become she becomes 7. The sooner Bob starts taking his classes seriously, the ........ . better he could be better off he’ll be sooner would be best soonest could be 8. She said she didn't really fancy .... to the cinema. going to go 9. The situation is a critical one and calls ........ clear thinking and careful planning. up for on in Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor 10. The lucky survivors of the freak storm related their .... tale to the eager journalists. challenging harrowing gruelling saddening 1. We .... to be in a position to repay the loan in full by next year. predict hope 2. to be critical ... ... someone on to for of 3. As of March, I ............ three months for an appointment with the specialist. will be waiting will wait will have been waiting am waiting 4. The baseball player was advised to avoid all ............... activity until his injury had healed. compact strenuous laborious animated 5. Mr. Jones was believed ......... money from the company in the past. to have embezzled he had embezzled had been embezzling in embezzling 6. The college will have a webinar about issues that ........ the alumni. are concern of have concerns have concerns when are of concern to 7. I’m so glad ........ the air conditioning in the dorms, I keep it on all night now. they fixed they are going to fix Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor for fixing to be fixed 8. The students ....... on campus paid a lot of money for rent. living will live had been living are to live 9. It was a(n)................ question, but Tom seemed to be furious with me for asking. innocent youthful naive 10. Kelly went on a shopping ..... and spent half her salary on clothes. mall deal chain spree 1. to convince someone ... something in for to on of with over 2. Vegetable fats, .... not as harmful as animal fats, can nevertheless result in gaining weight. though yet even still 3. The corporation’s compelling interest in employee fitness ............ important. Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor is being increasingly has become increased is becoming increasingly has been increasing 4. There were no ........... at any hotels, so we were forced to sleep in the car. openings vacancies spaces blanks 5. Polluted water is more ................ in third-world countries than in industrialized nations. prevalent dominant customary vulnerable 6. The baseball player was advised to avoid all ............... activity until his injury had healed. animated compact laborious strenuous Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor 9. It was a(n)................ question, but Tom seemed to be furious with me for asking. innocent youthful naive 10. The preparations for the Olympic Games are on .... according to the committee in charge. goal target progress aim 1. "Have you just moved here?" "No. I ... here for two years next month." - will have been living -have lived -will be living 2. Match the phrasal verb with its meaning: count on = ... -stop trying - rely - start (e.g. a hobby) - ignore -compensate - examine 3. to criticise ...something -in - for - to - on -of -with -over Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor 4. As of March, I ............ three months for an appointment with the specialist. -am waiting - will have been waiting - will wait - will be waiting 5.We decided on a ...... to go bungee jumping. - caprice -craze -notion -whim 6.“The car needs to be washed.” “........ Darren to do it?” -Can you get -Will you make - Will you let -Can you have 7. The college will have a webinar about issues that ........ the alumni. - are concern of -are of concern to -have concerns -have concerns when 8. My art professor ......... a plethora of articles on Native American art, many of which have been published in journals. -will have written Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor -has written -writes -will write 9. Before conditions deteriorate, we suggest ........ immediately. -him to leave -he is leaving -he leave -that he will leave 1 0. The total ... of nuclear weapons would hopefully give the world something to celebrate. –extermination - elimination -ellipsis - exception Choose the correct answer. 1. Trees help prevent soil from ............... . eroding gliding wearing corroding 2. John regrets ......... harder last semester. not having tried not tried not have trying not to try 3. Finding new clients isn’t easy, but ........... you’ll reap financial rewards. Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor in time by the time in the time for a time 4. Peter’s determination and perseverance in completing his PhD is a lesson ......... . all of our for us all had we all all of us 5. My art professor ......... a plethora of articles on Native American art, many of which have been published in journals. will write will have written has written writes 6. When does the professor want the assignment ........ ? handed in to handing it over handed in by will hand it out 7. If you so much as look at Tina, she bursts into tears. She really must stop being so ..... . timid apprehensive hesitant 8. Company headquarters are situated ... in the heart of the city. direct exact precise right 9. The preparations for the Olympic Games are on .... according to the committee in charge. goal target progress aim 10. Having worked his fingers to the .... for many years, Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor he eventually saw the fruit of his hard work at the age of fifty. bone edge end nail Choose the correct answer. 1. She was ....................... an array of questions during the interview. put up with put forward put over put through 2. to puzzle ... something for to with of over on in 3. to criticise ...something in for to on of with over 4. to base something ... something in for to on of with over Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor 5. The witness said that he heard two shots being .... before seeing two men running down the street. thrown aimed pulled fired 6. I'm terribly sorry I'm late but .......... around the city just keeps getting worse. traffic congestion consumer society extreme weather changes urban sprawl nuclear power GM foods biological weapons unemployed impersonal service stressful lifestyle space junk fast food 7. Susan spent her summer ........ over her partner’s new business proposal. contending striving agonizing tormenting 8. The seminar did not live up to the student’s ........... . anticipations hopes qualms expectations 9. The building directly across from my house has a billboard that ................ my view. prohibits obstructs violates avoids Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor 10. In court, the accused .......... guilty to all the charges. pleaded claimed was admitted Choose the correct answer. 1. Match the phrasal verb with its meaning: count on = ... examine compensate rely ignore stop trying start (e.g. a hobby) 2. I can’t believe my sister ......... a baby! is on the verge to have will have been having is to having is going to have 3. The dean ............ into a description of his recycling plans for the college. launched unveiled propelled introduced 4. Mike found shipping his belongings overseas to be a dreadful .................. . Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor observance obscurity oblivion ordeal 5. Many North American immigrants have .................. the traditions of their homelands. contained sustained retained attained 6. Mr. Jones was believed ......... money from the company in the past. in embezzling to have embezzled had been embezzling he had embezzled 7. My art professor ......... a plethora of articles on Native American art, many of which have been published in journals. will have written will write has written writes 8. Since he’s so adamant about his decision to resign, ........ argue with him. I’m going to have I will go for I’m not going to Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor I’m going out and 9. I can't stand it when he acts so ................ just because he's got a university degree. proud arrogant superior 10. The boss was ... with the new employee over his qualifications and ability to perform his job well. at a loose end at a loss at odds at a standstill Despite falling far short of the creations envisaged by writers and filmmakers, robots have made remarkable progress in recent years. Take Grace for example. This technological marvel impressed researchers at the annual meeting of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence when she was dropped off at the entrance and found her own way to the registration booth, where she signed up for the conference. Once assigned a lecture room, she then proceeded by elevator to the room, indulging in a little small talk on the way, and at the appointed hour thrilled an avid audience with a lecture about herself. Admittedly, Grace is an illustrious exception, yet other experimental robots have performed effectively as interactive museum tour guides and show considerable promise as nursing home assistants. Nevertheless, for all the optimism shown by robotics experts, there is still one essential problem to overcome: mobility. Robots like these travel on three or four wheels that maintain the robot in a stable position even when at rest. The broad body, low center of gravity and wide wheelbase this necessitates, however, greatly restricts the Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor robot’s movement in the unpredictable human habitat of doorways, furniture and, of course, people. To traverse such an environment requires the ability to turn in any direction and, at times, on the spot. To counter this, Carnegie Mellon University researchers have developed the “ballbot”: a robot that balances on a single urethane- coated metal sphere. Self-contained, battery-operated, and omnidirectional, the “ballbot ” is the approximate height and width of a person, which allows it to maneuver in tight spots its wheel-bound antecedents would find impossible. Concurrently, other research teams are in the process of developing two-wheeled robots that, although not omnidirectional like the ballbot , evince greater agility outdoors. It may still be a long way off, but research teams worldwide are working intensively toward the “social robot”: that autonomous, self- thinking, fully-interactive mechanism so beloved of film and fantasy. 1. Who is Grace? a filmmaker an expert on robotics an experimental robot an artificial intelligence researcher 2. What is the writer’s purpose in the first paragraph? to explain the capabilities of robots to introduce state-of-the-art technology to show the present limitations of robots to describe possible applications of robots 3. According to the second paragraph, what is one way in which a robot’s movements are restricted? Their wheels are too close together. They are too low to the ground. Their bodies are too narrow. Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor They are unable to stop. 4. To what does the word this in the third sentence of paragraph 2 refer? body center gravity steadiness 5. According to the text, what problems do robots face when in motion? lack of balance unstable ground random obstacles limited power source 6. Why is film and fantasy mentioned? to illustrate the possibilities of robotics to illustrate the problems facing scientists to illustrate the lack of success in robotics to illustrate the inspiration behind the research 7. What is the main idea of the passage? Research is too focused on issues of mobility. Scientists are nearing their goal of the “social robot.” The science of robotics continues to make advances. Robots will never match the writers and filmmakers’ depictions. 1 The law prevents the market researchers from giving information to commercial organisations. Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor 2 The person asking questions must carry professional credentials. 3 A number of people, who reflect society, are interviewed. 4 The interviewer asks you questions in order to discover public needs and opinions. 5 The market research organisation ensure that they ask a representative sample of people. 6 The market research organisation sometimes checks that the interviewers have done their jobs properly. 7 Your name and details are not disclosed to anybody else. Read the text and choose the best answer. Do athletes make good role models? When up-and-coming tennis star Naomi Osaka refused to do press conferences in the French Open tennis tournament of 2021, she was threatened with fines and expulsion from the competition. She stood her ground and refused to comply, citing her mental health as the reason she couldn’t do the interviews. She argued that protecting herself from the media’s questions was more important than promoting the competition. In the end, she chose to leave the tournament rather than give in to the demands of the event organisers. Some have applauded Naomi for her actions, saying that she had set a good example for girls and other young women in sports, but others say that what she did was disrespectful to the French Open. No matter where you stand on the situation, the fact that famous athletes like Naomi Osaka are considered role models was made clear by the buzz surrounding her every word. There has been a long history of athletes being looked up to as role models. Since the ancient Greeks established the first Olympic games nearly 3,000 years ago, athletes have been admired for their superior physical capabilities. With the growing popularity of sport spectatorship and fandom throughout the 20th and into the 21st century, it isn’t any wonder that this admiration of athletes has evolved into a form of hero worship. But there is an important question to ask regarding athletes’ place as role models in society: is it a good thing? What makes professional athletes successful is often what makes them worthy of respect and admiration. For instance, it takes dedication, hard work and a strong will to become an expert at anything, and sports are no exception. Their fame also gives them a platform to make a difference. For instance, when Naomi Osaka spoke out about mental health awareness at the French Open, it brought a lot of attention to the way professional athletes are treated by the media and the organisations who run sporting Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor events. It isn’t just her athletic ability that makes her a role model, but also her position on issues facing her fellow athletes. On the other hand, we need to keep in mind that becoming too attached to our athlete role models sets us up for problems in the future. For one, those who act as if their heroes have no faults may try to emulate them when they exhibit bad behaviour, such as poor sportsmanship or even cheating. We need to use better judgement to avoid following their footsteps down the wrong path. Another problem that may occur is disappointment when our role models fail to live up to our expectations. However, when they make mistakes, we shouldn’t necessary think less of them; they’re doing their best just like everyone else. If they learn from their mistakes, it shows integrity and makes them even better role models. While it’s normal to admire the athletes we see winning competitions, it’s important to remember that they aren’t perfect. However, many are just as motivated by their position as role models as they are by their success in sports. In fact, Naomi Osaka once said about her achievements, “I hope it’s an inspiration to a young girl with big dreams to know that anything is possible.” 1. The writer brings up the French Open in order to ... mention how the athletes in the tournament are good role models. illustrate how an athlete could be viewed as a good or bad role model talk about a famous athlete who has won the tournament in the past. describe an athlete’s behaviour at the tournament as inappropriate. 2. In the second paragraph, what does the writer say about watching sports? Its origins began with the worship of the Greek gods around 3,000 years ago. It will continue to be a positive experience for fans and athletes. Its growing popularity is the reason more athletes are viewed as role models. It has remained steadily popular over the course of the last century. 3. What does the writer say about the characteristics that make athletes successful? They have little to do with their position as role models for others. They are not as important as athletes’ role as spokespeople for other issues. They have made athletes the most famous celebrities. They are the traits they deserve to be admired and respected for. 4. The writer thinks developing an attachment to athlete role models can lead to ... Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor behaving badly when our role models do. learning how to stand up for ourselves. admiring other athletes who play the same sport. being skilled in the sport they play. 5. What do the words the wrong path in paragraph 4 mean? an approach to a problem that is incorrect a trend that has negative results a road that leads to a different destination a decision that is unhealthy or unhelpful 6. The main idea of the text is that athletes can make good role models ... as long as we don’t judge them too harshly or think they are perfect. if they never learn from any of their mistakes. when they work hard to achieve success in their field. because they are amongst the best at the sport that they play. Reading: THE SEARCH FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. Robert Matthews, a leading UK researcher, outlines his mission. It is one of the most evocative phrases in the lexicon of science: artificial intelligence, 'AI', the creation of machines that can think. Just the mention of it conjures up images of HAL, the all-too-intelligent computer in 2001: A Space Odyssey, and C3PO, the chatty, batty robot from Star Wars. For over half a century, computer scientists have been working towards creating such machines, spending billions of pounds to attempt. And hanging over their efforts has been a challenge set by a British mathematician widely regarded as the father of AI research: Alan Turing. During the 1930s, Turing showed, in theory at least, that a 'universal machine' could be built, capable of performing all the tasks of any special- purpose computing machine. After war-time work on code-breaking, Turing helped to turn his discovery into the reality of an electronic computer. But he also believed his proof meant that computers could mimic the action of the human mind. In 1951, Turing published a prediction: by the end of the century, computers would be able to hold a five-minute conversation with humans and fool 30 per cent of them into believing they were dealing with another Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor human being. It is a deadline that has come and gone, along with huge amounts of funding. Yet no computer is remotely close to passing the 'Turing Test'. What went wrong? Why has no one succeeded in creating AI? In fact, AI is already here, earning its keep in banks, airports, hospitals, factories - even our own home and car. It may not be quite what many were led to expect, but then the story of real-life AI is one of misplaced dreams, bitter feuds and grant-grabbing hype. Today's computer scientists divide into two broad camps on the issue of AI. The pragmatists see AI as a means to creating machines that do for thinking what engines have done for physical labour - taking on tasks we humans would prefer not to do: spending endless hours scouring heaps of market data for trends or scanning piles of medical images for signs of disease. Then there are the visionaries, still wedded to Turing's challenge and trying to bring the sci-fi image to life. For them, AI is all about computerised 'assistants' that solve your printer problems and cheeky-chappy robots that talk to strangers. There are some who even see AI as the route to understanding the workings of the human mind. Without doubt, it is the visionaries who have done most to get AI research on TV shows such as Tomorrow's World. It is the pragmatists, however, who have got AI out of the door and into successful applications: the neural network cooking controls of microwave ovens, for example, or the expert system that vets credit card transactions. When current AI technology is pushed closer to its sci-fi image, the results can be more irritating than impressive: witness Microsoft's Paperclip Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor