A > USE VERB - ING 1 After Verbs: Admit (mengakui) , Anticipate (mengantisipasi) , Avoid (menghindari) , Cancel, Complete, Consider (memper - timbang - kan, menganggap) , Deny (menyangkal) , Delay, Dislike (tidak suka) , Discuss, Endure (menahankan) , Enjoy, Fini sh, Fancy (suka) , Imagine, Include (termasuk/melibatkan) , Involve (melibatkan) , Keep (terus) , Justify (membenarkan) , Mention (menyebut) , Mind (keberatan) , Miss (rindu) , Make, Postpone, Practice, Quit (berhenti) , Recall (mengingat) , Recommend, Risk (beresik o) , Re ject, Resist (menahankan) , Suggest, Tolerate, Understand, etc. 2 After Prepositions : After, Before, In, On, At, For, By, Of, Besides, About, With(out), From, (Un)like (seperti) , Between, etc. 3 After Expressions : Can’t help/ Can’t stand (tak tahan) , Can’t see ( tak mengerti) , Feel like (merasa ingin) , ( Be)L ike (seolah - olah) , It’s no use, It’s no good, It’s not worth (tak ada artinya) , etc. 4 After Adjectives (* dengan kata kerja “ Feel ”): Awful, Awkward, Bad, Good, Guilty, Terrible, etc. 5 After Ver bs (* followed by preposition “TO” ) : Adjust to / Adapt to (menyesuaikan diri dengan ) , (Be) Accustomed to (terbiasa dengan) , Admit to (mengakui telah) , (It) Come s to (=mengenai/tentang), Confess to (mengakui telah) , Lead to (berujung/ me - nunjuk pada) , Look fo rward to (menantikan/mengharapkan) , Object to (keberatan terhadap) , (Be) Opposed to (menentang) , (Is/Am/Are) Used to (terbiasa dengan) , (Get) Used to (membiasakan diri dengan) , etc. B > USE TO VERB 1 1 . After Verbs : Afford (mengupayakan uang/waktu/t enaga) , Agree, Appear (kelihatan) , Arrange (mengatur) , Ask (meminta) , Care (peduli) , Choose, Claim, Decide (memutuskan) , Demand (meminta/menuntut) , Deserve (pantas menerima) , Expect (menanti kan /mengharapkan) , Fail (gagal), Happen ( kebetulan), Hesitate (rag u) , Hope, Intend (bermaksud) , Learn, Manage (berusaha/mencoba) , Offer, Plan, Prepare, Pretend (berpura - pura) , Promise, Refuse (menolak) , Seem (kelihatan) , Swear, Tend (cenderung) , Threaten (mengancam) , Vow (bersumpah) , Wait, Want, Wish etc. 2 After Expres sions: Can’t Bear (*juga bisa dengan Verb - I ng ), Would like, Would love, etc. 3 . To show Purpose/I ntention (=maksud/niat ) Ex. I come here to talk about my contract. 4 . After “ Too + Adjective/Adverb ” or “ Adjective/Adverb + Enough ”. Ex. He runs too quic kly to follow It’s clear enough to see Note : Hampir semua Adjective s (K.Sifat) diikuti oleh TO - VERB 1 , tapi ada beberapa yang diikuti VERB - ING ( lihat A - 4 ) , dan ada juga yang bisa diikuti TO - VERB 1 / VERB - ING ( TO - VERB 1 lebih umum digu nakan) Ex. It’s good to see/seeing you again. 5 . “ GET + OBJECT + TO VERB - 1 ” (=memerlukan/membujuk/mengharapkan Object melakukan s esuatu untuk si Subject, dengan catatan: si Subject mengalami kesulitan/tak bisa melakukannya sendiri) -- > lihat C - 5 Ex. I always get my friend to do my math exercise. Note: ~” GET + OBJECT + VERB 3 ” mempunyai pengertian pasif , tapi tidak harus dalam pengertian menyuruh orang lain Ex. I got the job done s mooth ly yesterday. C > USE VERB 1 1 . “ LET + OBJECT + VERB 1 ” and “ LET + G O ”. Ex. Let it go Let go of me. 2 . “ H ELP/DARE + V ERB 1 ” (*juga bisa dengan TO VERB - 1 ). Ex. I can help fix (/to fix) your car. I didn’t dare say (/to say) anything. (Dare=berani ) N otes : ~ “ H ELP + OBJECT + VERB 1 ” (*juga bisa dengan TO VERB 1 ). Ex. I helped him fix (/to fix) his car. ~ “ DARE + OBJECT + TO VERB 1 ”. Ex. I dare him to jump (Dare=menantang) 3 . “ G O + VERB 1 ” and “ COME +VERB 1 ” pola yg umum digunaka n dalam Ameri can English, artinya = “ GO/COME and ...... ” Ex. Go see what happens out there. (= Go and see what happens out there ) 4 . “ MAKE + OBJECT + V ERB 1 ” (=memaksa/memerintahkan/membuat Object jadi) Ex. I made the little kid cry 5 . “ HAVE + OBJECT + VERB 1 ” (=memerlukan/membujuk/mengharapkan Object) Ex. I have him do my work. Note s : ~ Pengertiannya sama dengan pola “ GET + OBJECT + TO VERB - 1 ” ( lihat B - 5 ) , tapi “ HAVE + OBJECT + VERB 1 ” bisa di - guna kan terlepas dari Subject mengala mi kesulitan maupun tidak ) Ex. I got the barber to cut my hair. ( =I had .... cut ..) ~” HAVE + OBJECT + VERB 3 ” mempunyai pengertian pasif. Ex. I had my hair cut yesterday 6 V ERB of SENSE (See, Hear, Feel, Smell, Watch, etc.) + OBJECT + VERB 1 menyatakan suatu aksi dari awal sampai akhir atau terjadi hanya sesaat Ex. ~ I saw him cross the street. (Aksi terlihat dari awal menyeberang sampai selesai menyeberang) ~She felt a bee stin g her. (Aksi menyengat hanya terjadi sesaat ) Note s : ~ VERB of SENSE + OBJECT + VERB - ING menyatakan hanya sebagian dari suatu aksi. Ex. I saw him crossing the street. (Aksi hanya sebagian terlihat , yaitu ketika si Object (him) sedang m enyeberang) ~ VERB of SENSE + OBJECT + VERB - 3 mempunyai pengertian pasif (awal sampai akhir) Ex. I watched him kicked out of the factory. ~ VERB of SENSE + OBJECT + BEING/GETTING + VERB - 3 mempunyai pengertia n pasif (hanya sebagian) Ex. I saw the boy getting bullied D > Use TO VERB 1 / VERB - ING with the same meaning # After Verbs: Begin, Cease (berhenti), Continue, Hate, Like, Love, Prefer (lebih suka), Start Ex. I like to swim. = I like swimming. I prefer to study . = I prefer studying Note s : ~ Begin / Start bila digunakan dalam bentuk Continuous (sedang), hanya bisa dengan TO VERB 1. Ex. I ’m beginning to understand this Grammar lesson. [ NOT : I ’m beginning und erstanding .........( X )] ~ Prefer bila diguna kan untuk membandingkan dua action s, ada dua pola yang bisa digunakan: 1. PREFER + VERB_ING + TO + VERB_ING Ex. I prefer studying to playing games = Saya lebih su ka belajar daripada bermain game. 2. PREFER + TO VERB 1 + RATHER THAN + VERB 1 Ex. I prefer to study rather than play games. = Saya lebih suka belajar daripada bermain game. E > Use TO VERB 1 / V ERB - ING with different meaning # After Verbs: Forget, Get, Go, Go on, Hate, Mean, Need, Propose, Regret, Remember, Stop, Try 1. ~ I forg o t to lock the door. Can you do it for me? ~ Sorry, I forget meeting you before. What’s your name again? 2. ~Come on, l et’s get going I don’t want to be late. ~ Although I live in Hongkong, I never get to visit the Disneyland. ~How did you get to know Mr. Lee? 3. ~ I go shopping twice a week. ~I hear something strange outside so I go to check what happ ens. 4. ~After a short pause, I go on telling about my job. ~After I tell the m about my family, I go on to tell about my job. ~After I cut the potatoes, I go on to fry them in the hot oil. 5. ~ I hate going out at night. = I hate to go out at ni ght. ~I hate to see that your girlfriend left you. ~I hate to tell you the truth but I have no choice. 6. ~Sorry, I don’t mean to hurt your feeling. ~Studying in America means spending a lot of money. 7. ~ Where are you, John? I need to see you now. ~These cars need repairing 8 . ~ They ask me about where to go so I propose going to the beach. ~The government propose to apply the new tax regulation soon. 9 . ~I regret buying this T - shirt. ~I regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the test. 10. ~Can’ t you remember meeting her at the party? ~ Remember to lock the door before you go out, ok? 11 . ~I feel tired so I stop to rest for a moment. ~I stop smoking after a few years 12. ~I tried to unlock the door but I failed. ~I couldn’t open the door so I tried unlocking it with a screwdriver. F > Use VERB - ING at the beginning of the sentence (di awal kalimat) # When we talk about a/an Experience, Fact, Opinion ( without comma) , Pr esent Activity/Action ~ Studying English is not as easy as what most people think. (Experience, Fact) ~ Swimming is good for you. (Opinion) ~ Playing this game is so boring. Let’s play another game. (Present Activity) G > Use TO VERB 1 at the beginning of the senten ce (di awal kalimat) # When we talk about a/an Concept, Method/Way (cara), Opinion ( with comma), Target/Intention /Purpose (tujuan/niat /maksud ) ~ To err is human, to forgive divine. (Concept ) ~ To make the kids happy, I bought them some toys. (Purp ose) ~ To cook the lobster, first we need to poach the lobster then bla..bla..bla.. (Method) ~ To win her heart, you should show her more attention. (Opinion, with comma) ~ To win (or winning ) the gold medal is what I expect to do. (Target) H > Use VERB 1 / TO VERB 1 / VERB - ING after IS - AM - ARE - WAS - WERE 1 Verb 1 / To Verb 1 , after “ ALL/WHAT + SUBJECT + VERB + IS - AM - ARE - WAS - WERE ” Ex. All I want to do is have/to have some fun. (*dengan ada nya “ to _ ” sesudah “ want ” maka lebih natural jika Verb 1 yg digunakan) What th e old guy really wanted was get / to get a call from his son . (* tanpa “ to _” sesudah “ wanted ” maka lebih natural jika To Verb 1 yg digunakan) 2 Verb 1 , to show a Command (perintah), Request (permintaan), or Su ggestion Ex. The first thing you need to do tomorrow when you start your work is check all the food supply in the kitchen cabinet. 3 To Verb 1 , to show Future Arrangement /Action , Target/Intention/Purpose Ex. What I want to achieve this year is to make $5,000 per month. (Target) I am to meet my future parents - in - law this evening. (Future=akan bertemu) 4 Verb - Ing , to show a Fact . (Note: Hati - hati , bentuk ini bisa disalah artikan oleh pendengarnya) Ex. My hobby is swimming in the river . (*bisa di salah artikan sebagai: Hobi saya sedang berenang di sungai) 5 Verb - Ing , as an Adjective (K.Sifat) Ex. This movie is boring Their activities are interesting to watch. EXERCISE Ex. I wish ____ (see) you again. Choices: see/to see/ seeing/to seeing You answer: I wish to see you again. ( B1 ) 1. I watched them ____________ _____ ______ __ (play) football for a few minutes then I went away. (___) 2. He threatens ______________ _____ ______ (erase) all my data. (___) 3. We hope the de monstration will help ___________ _____ _________ (raise) the a wareness of global warming. (___) 4. They have allowed us _________ _____ ___________ (visit) the ancient temple. (___) 5. She managed __________ _____ __________ (car ry) the heavy box by herself. (___) 6. My friends decided ______ _____ ______________ (leave) earlier this morning. (___) 7. She doesn’t feel like ______ _____ __________ ____ (eat) any food at all. (___) 8. Auntie had Tom _________ _____ ___________ (cl ean) up his room before he left. (__ _) 9. No one heard the man _______ _____ __ ___________ (shout) for help. (___) 10. They dared me __________ _____ _ _________ (cross) the river. (___) 11. Some of them have considered not ____________ _____ ________ (go) to Bali . (___) 12. A strange sound seems ______________ _____ ______ (appear) e very time I turn on the fan. (___) 13. All you can do now is _________________________ (find) a so lution to your problem. (___) 14. The new lesson is intended ____________ _____ ________ ( improve) our speaking skill. (___) 15. She has thought of ______________ ______ ______ (get) married after she graduates. (___) 16. I sense the spider ____________ _____ ________ (climb) onto my h air so I brush it off. (___) 17. Anna knows much about taxation so I’ll have her _________________ ____ ____ (do) my tax calculation. (___) 18. The store cashier refused ___________________ ______ (accept) his check . (___) 19. I’m not yet accustomed ___________________ ______ (use) my new I - Phone. (___) 20. Tom has chosen _________________________ (continu e) his study in London . (___) 21. Can you begin by _______________________ __ (tell) me about yourself? (___) 22. I was observing a stranger _________________________ (walk) into my yard wh en he suddenly disappeared. (___) 23. _________________________ (mak e) sure you don’t make a mistake, y ou can consult with me. (___) 24. This job includes ____________________ _____ (take) care of a baby. (___) 25. Do you mind _________________________ (work) until 7 pm tonight? (___) 26. The injury stops him from _________ ________________ (play) tennis at least for a few months. (___) 27. Yo u don’t recognize my cousin? How come ? You don’t remember ______ _______ _________ ( talk) to him last week? (___) 28. The servant confessed _____________________ ____ (steal) the money. (__ _) 29. If you’re hungry, I’ll go _________________________ (get ) you something to eat. (___) 30. I feel hungry so I stop _________________________ (buy) some fast - food at KFC. (___) 31. I smell something _________________________ (burn) in the kitchen. Do you smell it, too? (___) 32. The girls can’t bear _____________________ __ ____ (listen) to my ghost story. (___) 33. Anna is angry because I forgot _________________________ (call) her last night. (___) 34. In England, you must adjust ______________________ ___ (drive) with the steer on the left side. (___) 35. This old building needs _________________________ (renovate) right away. (___) 36. When his work is done, he goes on _____________________ ____ (help) his friend. (___) 37. If the baby shark doesn’t wan t to eat the fish, try _________________________ (feed ) it with these squids. (___) 38. _________________________ (plant) grapes in Indonesia won’ t be successful. (___) 39. She was so lucky that she happened _________________________ (find) a winning lotte r y ticket on the ground. (___) 40. I don’t regret _________________________ (buy) this car. It’s ol d but very comfortable. (___) 41. You should know that the function of this advertisement is _________________________ (promote) your product. (___) 42. I’m talking to her but she is like _________________________ (pay) atten tion to something else. (___) 43. Because it’s dark and we can’t walk any further, I propose _________________________ (camp) here . (___) 44. He’ ll quit __________________ (work) when he’s saved enough money ________ ________ (start) a business. (___ ___) 45. It’s no use ________________________ (learn) English without _____ _____ ___________ (learn) Grammar. (___ ___) 46. The children love _________________________ (play) the Lego all the time. (___) 47. I’m not a bad person. I never feel good ____________________ _____ (fire) my worker. (___) 48. _____________ _______ (kick) the machine won’t make it ________ ______________ (work). You need ____________ ___________________ (have) it ___ ________________________ (check) by a m echanic. (___ ___ ___ ___) 49. He wanted _______ ______________ (go) ______________________ (fish) but he forgot ______________________ (bring) the fishing pole so he went to a nearby store ______________________ (buy) one. (___ ___ ___ ___) 50. Sh e stopped __________________ _____ (eat) meat for health reason several months ago, but now she continues _____ ____________________ (eat) meat again. I think she has forgotten ____________________ (listen) to he r doctor. (___ ___ ___) 51. I tried ____________________ (fix) the computer by myself but I failed, so I got John__________ ______________ (help) me with it. (___ ___) 52. ____________________ (work) for John means ____________________ (get) a headache because he’s so complicated. I’m starting ____________________ (be) annoyed by his perfectionist character. (___ ___ ___)