Distaloy ® 4600A Distaloy ® 4800A Distaloy steel powders were developed to extend the capability of P/M parts to satisfy the needs of today's technology where higher strength and toughness are required. Description The alloy content is composed of nickel, molybdenum, and copper, and conforms to MPIF Material Standard 35, Material Designations FD-02XX and FD-04XX. Conventional sintering practice is adequate for meeting high performance requirements. The additives are diffusion alloyed to maintain compressibility of the base atomized iron. The recommended density range is 6.8 g/cm 3 and above. The composition is balanced to give excellent properties along with close dimensional control. Application • Parts requiring greater toughness than attainable with conventional P/M materials. Distaloy 4800A is recommended for more severe conditions. • Parts subjected to "brinelling" type of loading. • Parts subjected to dynamic loading. • Parts with close dimensional tolerances. Compressibility and Green Strength The diffusion-alloying technique used in making the Distaloys retains the high compressibility of the base atomized iron. Both powders have good green strength in the design density range. Sieve Analysis, (U.S. Standard) (w/o) Micrometers +250 -250 / +150 -150 / +45 -45 U.S. Standard Mesh (+60) (-60 / +100) (-100 / +325) (-325) Distaloy 4600A Trace 6 71 23 Distaloy 4800A Trace 6 71 23 Green Density (g/cm 3 ) Compaction Pressure (tsi) Compaction Pressure (MPa) The Effects of Compaction Pressure on Green Density 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 30 40 50 60 500 600 700 800 Green Strength (MPa) Green Strength (psi) Green Density (g/cm 3 ) The Effects of Green Density on Green Strength Distaloy 4600A and Distaloy 4800A Distaloy 4600A and Distaloy 4800A Distaloy 4600A Distaloy 4800A 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 0.6 w/o graphite + 0.75 w/o Acrawax 0.6 w/o graphite + 0.75 w/o Acrawax D i s t a l o y 4 6 0 0 A a n d D i s t a l o y 4 8 0 0 A Chemistry (weight %) (w/o) Ni Mo Cu C Oxygen Distaloy 4600A 1.75 0.50 1.50 <0.01 0.13 Distaloy 4800A 4.00 0.50 1.50 <0.01 0.13 Apparent Density, g/cm 3 Distaloy 4600A 3.0 Distaloy 4800A 3.0 Flow Rate, s/50g Distaloy 4600A 27 Distaloy 4800A 25 Typical Analysis and Properties Pg 1 of 5 0613-D4648A-D-2 NORTH AMERICA (Headquarters) Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-5820-2997, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com Tokyo, Japan: +81-3-5476-6165, tony.nishida@hoeganaes.com Pg 2 of 5 Data Sheet Distaloy 4600A / Distaloy 4800A Double Pressing-Double Sintering To achieve strength, hardness, and toughness higher than attainable at 7.1g/cm 3 , the double press-double sinter approach is used. Sintered and Heat Treated Properties The static and dynamic mechanical properties are shown for the Distaloys premixed with 0.6 w/o graphite and 0.75 w/o Acrawax C. Tensile test specimens were prepared and tested in accordance with MPIF Standard 10 (ASTM E 8). The "dog bone" specimen geometry was used to determine the sintered tensile properties and the machined round specimen was used to determine the tensile properties in the heat treated condition. Elongation was measured from a 25.4mm (one inch) gauge length and yield strength was measured at 0.2% offset. Unnotched Charpy impact specimens were prepared and tested in accordance with MPIF Standard 40 (ASTM E 23). Rotating bending fatigue (RBF) specimens were machined from sintered, rectangular compacts to the dimensions outlined in MPIF Standard 56. The test specimens described above were pressed to various density levels, sintered in dissociated ammonia (D.A.) at 1120ºC (2050ºF) for 30 minutes at temperature and cooled in a water jacketed cooling chamber. The dimensional change values are measured from die size (carbide die) as a function of sintered density. Heat treatment was performed at 840ºC (1550ºF) for 15 minutes at temperature followed by quenching in oil at 50ºC (120ºF). The atmosphere was dissociated ammonia with methane additions. The quenched parts were stress relieved for one hour at 175ºC (350ºF) in air. Higher temperature 260ºC (500ºF) stress relieving will result in higher toughness but generally at the expense of hardness. Good heat treated properties can only be obtained if parts are well-sintered. The hardenability of the Distaloys is adequate for most P/M parts. The higher alloyed Distaloys 4800A is prefered for parts with thicker ruling sections. Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Repressing Pressure (MPa) Repressing Pressure (tsi) Compressibility Curves for Double Pressed/Double Sintered Distaloy 4600A and Distaloy 4800A 550MPa (40 tsi) 410MPa (30 tsi) 690MPa (50 tsi) 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 400 500 600 700 30 40 50 Presintered at 840ºC (1550ºF) Sintered at 1120ºC (2050ºF) Dimensional Change [% in 25.4 mm (1 inch)] Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Dimensional Change of Distaloy 4600A Sintered and Heat Treated Heat Treated Sintered +0.3 +0.2 +0.1 0.0 -0.1 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Dimensional Change [% in 25.4 mm ( 1 inch)] Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Dimensional Change of Distaloy 4800A Sintered and Heat Treated Heat Treated Sintered +0.3 +0.2 +0.1 0.0 -0.1 0613-D4648A-D-2 NORTH AMERICA (Headquarters) Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-5820-2997, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com Tokyo, Japan: +81-3-5476-6165, tony.nishida@hoeganaes.com Pg 3 of 5 Data Sheet Distaloy 4600A / Distaloy 4800A Endurance Limit (MPa) Endurance Limit (10 3 psi) *Repressed at 690 MPa (50tsi) Ultimate Tensile Strength (10 3 psi) Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) Sintering was performed at 1120ºC (2050ºF) for 30 minutes at temperature in dissociated ammonia. Specimens were compacted to a density of 7.0 g/cm 3 *Sintered and then stress relieved at 175ºC (350ºF) for 60 minutes in air. *Heat treatment consisted of austenitizing in dissociated ammonia for 15 minutes at temperature then quenching in oil at 65ºC (150ºF) and tempering for 60 minutes in air. Fatigue Endurance Limit vs Tensile Strength for Distaloy 4600A and Distaloy 4800A Processed Under Various Conditions 50 40 30 20 10 350 300 250 200 150 100 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Impact Energy (Joules) Impact Energy (ft. lbf) Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Effect of Sintered Density on the Room Temperature Impact Energy of Distaloy 4600A and Distaloy 4800A 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Compaction Graphite Sintering Material Pressure Addition Temperature (w/o) ºC (ºF) 440 (34) 0.6 1120 (2050) 680 (45) 0.6 1260 (2300) 680 (45) 0.6 1120 (2050) 690 (50) 0.4 1120 (2050) 690 (50) 0.4 1260 (2300) 690 (50*) 0.6 1120 (2050) Distaloy 4600A Distaloy 4800A *Repressed at 690 MPa (50 tsi) Graphite Sintered Austenitizing Tempering Heat Treated Material Addition Impact Temperature Temperature Impact Energy (w/o) Joules (ft. lbf) ºC (ºF) ºC (ºF) Joules (ft. lbf) 0.4 22 (16) 840 (1550) 175 (350) 11 (8) 0.6 15 (11) 815 (1500) 180 (375) 12 (9) 0.8 14 (10) 800 (1475) 230 (450) 11 (8) 0.8 * 14 (10) 0.4 22 (16) 840 (1550) 175 (350) 10 (7) 0.6 20 (15) 815 (1500) 190 (375) 12 (9) 0.8 18 (13) 800 (1475) 230 (450) 12 (9) 0.8* 19 (14) Distaloy 4600A Distaloy 4800A MPa (tsi) 0613-D4648A-D-2 NORTH AMERICA (Headquarters) Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-5820-2997, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com Tokyo, Japan: +81-3-5476-6165, tony.nishida@hoeganaes.com Pg 4 of 5 Data Sheet Distaloy 4600A / Distaloy 4800A Strength (MPa) Strength (10 3 psi) Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Tensile Properties of Distaloy 4600A Sintered and Heat Treated 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 250 200 150 100 50 0 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Strength (MPa) Strength (10 3 psi) Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Tensile Properties of Distaloy 4800A Sintered and Heat Treated 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 250 200 150 100 50 0 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Ultimate Tensile Strength Yield Strength Yield Strength Sintered Heat Treated Ultimate Tensile Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Yield Strength Yield Strength Sintered Heat Treated Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation [% in 25.4mm (1 inch)] Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Tensile Elongation of Distaloy 4600A Sintered and Heat Treated 4 3 2 1 0 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Sintered Heat Treated Elongation [% in 25.4mm (1 inch)] Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Tensile Elongation of Distaloy 4800A Sintered and Heat Treated 4 3 2 1 0 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Sintered Heat Treated Sintered Hardness (HRB) Heat Treated Hardness (HRC) Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Apparent Hardness of Distaloy 4600A Sintered and Heat Treated 100 90 80 70 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Sintered Heat Treated Sintered Hardness (HRB) Heat Treated Hardness (HRC) Sintered Density (g/cm 3 ) Apparent Hardness of Distaloy 4800A Sintered and Heat Treated 100 90 80 70 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Sintered Heat Treated 0613-D4648A-D-2 NORTH AMERICA (Headquarters) Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-5820-2997, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com Tokyo, Japan: +81-3-5476-6165, tony.nishida@hoeganaes.com Pg 5 of 5 Data Sheet Distaloy 4600A / Distaloy 4800A Effect of Graphite Additions To determine the effect of varying graphite additions, MPIF Standard 41 (ASTM B-528) transverse rupture bars were prepared with graphite additions of 0.2 w/o to 1.1 w/o and were pressed to 7.0 g/cm 3 . The bars were sintered at 1120ºC (2050ºF) for 30 minutes at temperature in dissociated ammonia. The transverse rupture strength, apparent hardness, and dimensional change are shown. The graphs show that the strength of both Distaloys reaches a maximum and then decreases when 0.6 w/o graphite is exceeded. This is caused by the formation of areas of untempered martensite. A stress relief anneal at 175ºC (350ºF) tempers the martensite formed by cooling from the sintering temperature and increases the strength appreciably, reaching a maximum at 0.8 w/o graphite. The stress relief anneal has no significant effect on the sintered hardness or dimensional change. The formation of martensite must be considered if the parts require secondary machining. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Hardness (HRB) Graphite Added (w/o) Effect of Graphite Additions on the Sintered Hardness of Distaloy 4600A and 4800A 100 90 80 70 60 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Transverse Rupture Strength (MPa) Graphite Added (w/o) Effect of Graphite Additions and Stress Relief Annealing on Transverse Rupture Strength of Distaloy 4600A 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 Stress Relieved Sintered 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Dimensional Change [% in 24.5mm (1 inch)] Graphite Added (w/o) Effect of Graphite Additions on the Dimensional Change of Distaloy 4600A and Distaloy 4800A +0.30 +0.20 +0.10 0 -0.10 -0.20 Distaloy 4600A Distaloy 4800A Distaloy 4800A Distaloy 4600A Transverse Rupture Strength (10 3 psi) Tranverse Rupture Strength (10 3 psi) Effect of Graphite Additions and Stress Relief Annealing on Transverse Rupture Strength of Distaloy 4800A 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Transverse Rupture Strength (MPa) Graphite Added (w/o) 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 Stress Relieved Sintered IMPORTANT NOTICE: The data shown are based on laboratory processing standard test specimens. Results may vary from that obtained in production processing. 0613-D4648A-D-2 NORTH AMERICA (Headquarters) Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-5820-2997, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com Tokyo, Japan: +81-3-5476-6165, tony.nishida@hoeganaes.com