Page 1 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 Plastik dan Sampah : Pantauan bulan Juni 2022 Oleh: Riza V. Tjahjadi Silahkan cari juga di https:// Pdfhost.io laporan yang sama sejak April lalu Negosiasi pengaturan polusi plastik telah dimulai pada akhir Mei Diawali dengan arahan UNEP, dan berlanjut dengan curah pendapat, penyusunan organisasi, aturan dasar, dan pentahapan negosiasi. November Uruaguay akan menjadi tuan rumah pertama KLHK dan Kantor Kemenko Marves kurang sinergis? Insenerator dan RDF adalah teknologi tepat guna Bagi pengelolaan sampah? Debat soal labelisai BPA pada kemasan guna ulang pada industri AMDK masih sengit Temuan pkastik mikro di sungai mulai merambah ke sungai di Aceh dan Sumatera Utara Penggunaan Plastik Berlebih Tingkatkan Risiko Diabetes Mellitus UNAIR NEWS Juli 11, 20191:12 pm UNAIR NEWS – Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit yang sering terjadi dimasyarakat. Meskipun telah mengatur gaya hidup sehat, namun penderita diabetes mellitus semakin bertambah dari tahun ke tahun. Hal tersebut dapat dikarenakan sifat dari diabetes mellitus yang degeneratif, yang artinya dapat menurun dari orang tua ke anak. Selain itu, diabetes mellitus juga disebabkan oleh pola makan yang tidak sehat dan penggunaan bahan pembungkus makanan dan minuman yang Page 2 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 berasal dari bahan plastik.Semakin tinggi angka penggunaan plastik di dunia, semakin tinggi juga angka diabetes mellitus di masyarakat. Plasticizer merupakan bahan tambahan atau additif yang dapat meningkatkan flexibilitas dan ketahanan dari suatu material. Jika plasticizer masuk dalam tubuh, maka akan terurai menjadi metoksi acetic acid yang dapat mengakibatkan cacat. Uraian dari plasik akan berubah menjadi mikroplastik dengan struktur plastik yang sudah terpecah, tidak terlihat oleh mata dan larut dalam air. Prof. Win Darmanto, Drs.,M.Si., Ph.D mengatakan 2-methoxyethanol (plasticizer) yang terkandung dalam plastik mampu meningkatkan angka risiko terhadap diabetes mellitus. Hal itu dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya proses produksi insulin yang terjadi dalam tubuh. ― Plasticizer mengakibatkan terganggunya produksi hormon insulin, apabila produksi insulin terganggu akan mengakibatkan rusaknya pankreas dan pada akhirnya akan mengakibatkan diabetes mellitus, ― ungkapnya. Semua bahan yang mengandung plasticizer , mempunyai kadar yang berbeda antar satu sama lain. Banyak upaya yang dapat dilakukan guna menekan tingginya pemakaian plastik yang memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan antara lain dengan mendaur ulang dan membakar limbah plastik dengan tekanan yang tinggi. Hasil dari pembakaran dengan tekanan yang tinggi akan menghasilkan kadar karbon yang rendah dan dapat juga digunakan sebagai sumber energi. Ilustrasi : Feri Fenoria Selain upaya tersebut, salah satu cara mengurangi angka diabetes mellitus yaitu dapat menggunakan beberapa jenis jamur tertentu dengan kadar yang harus diawasi. Jenis jamur yang paling cocok digunakan untuk mencegah dan mengurangi dampak diabetes mellitus adalah jenis jamur kayu (ganoderma). Prof. Win mengatakan, hasil dari penelitian ini selain dapat menekan angka diabetes mellitus, juga dapat membantu menekan angka kelahiran bayi dengan kondisi normal. 2-methoxyethanol telah diuji coba pada tikus dan hasilnya dapat meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah dan nitrat. Sehingga disarankan ibu hamil untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan yang mengandung plastik. ―teratologi merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang efek toksis terhadap malformasi atau cacat pada embrio. Ibu hamil menjadi salah satu yang Page 3 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 memiliki faktor risiko terhadap paparan plasticizer . Harapannya dengan adanya penelitian ini, mampu mengedukasi ibu hamil akan bahaya penggunaan plastik bagi janin,― tambah Prof Win. Reporter : Faisal Dika Utama Editor : Khefti Al Mawalia Refrence : W. Darmanto, J. A. Claudia, B. A. Turnip, S. P. A. Wahyuningsih, S. A. Husen, N. S. Aminah, and E. S. Sajidah. 2008. Toxicity effects of 2-methoxyethanol on the nitrite level and damage in tissue of pancreas as a cause of diabetes in mice (Mus musculus) Balb/C. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 2023. Link :https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5064113 PUSAT KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMASI PUBLIK (PKIP) Gedung Kantor Manajemen, Kampus MERR C Mulyorejo – Surabaya Telp.(031) 5914042, 5914043, 5915551 Fax. (031) 5915551 WhatsApp. +62 821-3004-0061 Email: adm@pkip.unair.ac.id https://www.unair.ac.id/2019/07/11/penggunaan-plastik-berlebih- tingkatkan-risiko-diabetes-mellitus/ Plastic Bank: 83 persen sampah plastik bocor dan ancam ekosistem laut Kamis, 7 April 2022 22:15 WIB Jakarta (ANTARA) - Country Manager Plastic Bank Indonesia Paola Cortese menyebutkan sebesar 83 persen sampah plastik di Indonesia telah bocor dan mengancam ekosistem seperti biota yang hidup di laut. ―Di Indonesia, setiap tahun ada 4,9 juta ton sampah plastik yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dan 83 persen sampah plastik bocor ke laut dan mengancam ekosistem laut,‖ kata Paola dalam Media Gathering Plastic Bank Indonesia yang diikuti secara daring di Jakarta, Kamis. Ia menuturkan Indonesia sedang mengalami darurat sampah plastik karena menghasilkan 7,8 juta ton sampah plastik per tahun dengan 4,9 juta ton di antaranya tidak mendapatkan pengelolaan yang baik sampai berada di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Page 4 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 Baca juga: Kementerian LHK: Penanganan sampah plastik jadi tantangan global ―Sudah sangat jelas kalau kita ini hidup di masa darurat plastik. Karena itulah Pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan beberapa target baik itu target jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang,‖ ucap Paola. Ia menjelaskan pemerintah memiliki target jangka pendek yakni ingin menurunkan pencemaran sampah plastik di laut sebesar 70 persen pada tahun 2025. Sementara pada tahun 2040, pemerintah menargetkan Indonesia bebas dari polusi kantong plastik. Target jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang tersebut juga ditetapkan agar kemiskinan terutama di wilayah pesisir pantai Indonesia di kalangan kolektor sampah plastik informal dapat berkurang. Untuk membantu pemerintah mencapai target tersebut, Paola menjelaskan bahwa lebih dari 12.000 anggota komunitas pengumpul plastik dari Plastic Bank Indonesia dikerahkan dan berhasil mencegah pencemaran setara dengan 1 miliar botol plastik di laut. Baca juga: KLHK: Gerakan kurangi limbah padat di laut jadi agenda Nasional ―Ada 12 ribu kira-kira pahlawan samudera yang sudah bergabung di Plastic Bank. Pahlawan samudera adalah orang-orang yang mengumpulkan sampah plastik, dari lingkungan dan komunitas mereka di sekitarnya,‖ ucap dia. Salah seorang pahlawan samudera Plastic Bank Indonesia di Tabanan, Bali, Asis Wijayanto mengatakan dirinya bergabung agar bisa mencegah pencemaran plastik di laut serta mendapatkan penghasilan. ―Dengan mengumpulkan plastik dan menukarkannya di mitra cabang Plastic Bank, saya turut berkontribusi untuk mencegah pencemaran plastik di laut dan mendapatkan penghasilan,‖ ucap Asis. Pria yang bergabung sejak tahun 2020 tersebut mengatakan tidak hanya mengumpulkan sampah plastik di daerah Tabanan saja, tetapi juga daerah lainnya seperti Kecamatan Mengwi di Bali. Baca juga: KKP serukan warga "diet" plastik agar laut jadi cantik Asis berharap masyarakat dapat peka terhadap sampah plastik dan menjaga lingkungan supaya dapat hidup menjadi lebih sehat dan bersih. ―Pesan saya khususnya di daerah Bali, supaya menjag a lingkungan tetap bersih. Kalau menemukan sampah plastik, harap dikumpulkan,‖ ujar dia. Pewarta: Hreeloita Dharma Shanti Editor: Bambang Sutopo Hadi Page 5 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 COPYRIGHT © ANTARA 2022 Menghadang sampah agar tak mencapai laut Guatemala Copyright © 2022 ANTARA https://m.antaranews.com/berita/2808589/plastic-bank-83-persen-sampah- plastik-bocor-dan-ancam-ekosistem-laut Bukan info terbaru tetapi terlewatkan oleh saya (RVT) UNEA Resolution - „End Plastic Pollution‟ - and IUCN role in implementation of the Treaty Wed, 09 Mar 2022 The new UNEA Resolution, ̳End Plastic Pollution: Towards a legally binding instrument‘, establishes an Intergo vernmental Negotiating Committee that will develop the specific content of the new plastic pollution treaty with the aim of completing its work by the end of 2024. The future is ours to improve, and this news from UNEA provides a strong message of hope that we can indeed eliminate plastic pollution from our environment with a multi-pronged approach and international cooperation. Addressing a global-scale problem Rapidly increasing levels of plastic pollution represent a serious problem at a global scale, negatively impacting the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable development. The majority of marine plastic pollution comes from land-based sources, including urban and storm runoff, sewer overflows, beach visitors, inadequate waste disposal and management, industrial activities, construction, and illegal dumping. The main ocean-based sources of plastic pollution are the fishing industry, nautical activities, and aquaculture. IUCN welcomes the Resolution For nearly a decade, IUCN has worked on the problem of marine plastic pollution. IUCN welcomes the move toward an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution made by Heads of State, Ministers of environment and other representatives from 175 nations that gathered in Nairobi, Kenya, at the resumed fifth session of the United Nations Environment Assembly on the 2nd March 2022. Page 6 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 The UN member states decided that the following elements should be considered in developing the new treaty: Global objectives to tackle plastic pollution in marine and other environments and its impacts Global obligations and measures along the full lifecycle of plastics, including on product design, consumption and waste management A mechanism for providing policy-relevant scientific information and assessment A mechanism for providing financial support to the treaty implementation National and international cooperative measures National action plans and reporting towards the prevention, reduction and elimination of plastic pollution Treaty implementation progress assessment The Resolution recognises that plastic pollution constitutes a threat to all environments and poses risks to human health, and very importantly, the role of the private sector, and all stakeholders, in developing and implementing the treaty, and emphasises that the problem should be solved through measures along the entire life cycle of plastics, from extraction of raw materials to legacy plastic pollution. A mechanism is included for directing finance to nations to enable the agreement implementation. This can enable countries to implement plastic waste management systems across the life cycle by improving waste collection, building recycling plants, or eliminating the open burning of plastic. Since UNEA-1 back in 2014, the global community has come a long way engaging to find solutions to address plastic pollution. The sustained multi- year focus on plastics has laid the foundation for where we are today, importantly highlighting that the current global governance framework is broken to get us out of the current plastics crisis. This background laid the ground for the positive mood and outlook around a global plastics governance instrument. Peter Manyara, Program Manager, Coastal and Ocean Resilience, IUCN ESARO The Resolution highlights marine plastic pollution Page 7 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 The Resolution specifies concern over the specific impacts of plastic pollution, that it can be of a transboundary nature, and needs to be tackled with a full lifecycle approach. It also emphasises the urgent need to strengthen the science-policy interface at all levels, improve understanding of the global impact of plastic pollution on the environment, and promotes effective and progressive actions at the local, regional and global level, recognizing the important role of plastics for society. While the Resolution identifies a number of issues that will be addressed, to comprehensively tackle plastic pollution will require additional actions during the dialogues. In Science, 2 July 2021, IUCN‘s Joao Sousa as a contributing author noted three goals to anchor a solid agreement with action at its core. These are only partially seen in the Resolution: Minimise virgin plastics production and consumption – and 2. Facilitate safe circularity of plastics – these are simply noted in part as, [T]o promote sustainable production and consumption of plastics, including, among others, product design, and environmentally sound waste management, including through resource efficiency and circular economy approaches; Eliminate plastic pollution in the environment – this is specifically referred to as,[T]he urgent need to strengthen global coordination, cooperation and governance to take immediate actions towards the long-term elimination of plastic pollution, in marine and other environments, and of avoiding detriment from plastic pollution to ecosystems and the human activities dependent on themand also [T]o promote national action plans to work towards the prevention, reduction and elimination of plastic pollution, and to support regional and international cooperation. The Resolution underlines the importance of promoting sustainable design of products and materials so that they can be reused, remanufactured or recycled and therefore retained in the economy for as long as possible. This includes the resources they are made of, as well as minimising the generation of waste, which can significantly contribute to sustainable production and consumption of plastics. The economic cost A recent economic assessment by IUCN supports the rationale of addressing the economic cost of plastic pollution detailed in the Resolution. Plastic pollution affects fisheries directly through damage to boats, plastic in fishnets and the impact of Abandoned, Lost of Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG). Direct and indirect impacts on marine ecosystems and marine biodiversity – through ghost fishing for example – amplify the negative effects of plastic pollution. Overall, marine plastic pollution plays a crucial role in marine ecosystem degradation and the services these ecosystems Page 8 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 provide. This is not only a problem for the fisheries sector, but can impact other sectors of the economy, such as potential losses to the tourism sector or increased costs of beach clean-ups to avoid these losses. Policy and economic guidance Policy and economic guidance are integral to addressing this complex problem. IUCN‘s in -depth analyses of regulatory tools such as Extended Producer Responsibility to identify gaps and facilitate the exchange of best practices are being cross-linked with the on-going scientific and economic research to show how to intervene, and at which points, to generate the most effective actions. This work is now newly energised with the UNEA5.2 Resolution, and it is also beneficial for the support it gives to an IUCN World Conservation Congress outcome: the Union‘s Resolution 019 that calls for stopping the global plastic pollution crisis in marine environments by 2030. The Resolution aligns many of its provisions to the work IUCN is already doing IUCN‘s work on in -depth analyses of regulatory tools such as Extended Producer Responsibility (to identify gaps and facilitate the exchange of best practices) is being cross-linked with the on-going scientific and economic research. It shows how to intervene and at which points, in order to generate the most effective actions. This work is now newly energised with the UNEA5.2 Resolution, and it is also beneficial for the support it gives to the 2021 IUCN Resolution 019 that calls for stopping the global plastic pollution crisis in marine environments by 2030 Resolution: Legally binding instrument provisions proposed IUCN‘s work on plastics: Value Addition to supporting the Resolution‘s aims (b) To promote sustainable production and consumption of plastics, including, among others, product design, and environmentally sound waste management, including through resource efficiency and circular economy approaches; Close the Plastics Tap knowledge products and reports MARPLASTICCs‘ Circular Economy projects Page 9 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 (c) To promote national and international cooperative measures to reduce plastic pollution in the marine environment, including existing plastic pollution; (d) To develop, implement and update national action plans reflecting country-driven approaches to contribute to the objectives of the instrument; (e) To promote national action plans to work towards the prevention, reduction and elimination of plastic pollution, and to support regional and international cooperation; (f) To specify national reporting, as appropriate; Plastic Waste Free Islands – Caribbean, Oceania, and Mediterranean (8 islands: Republic of Cyprus, Menorca, Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu, Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, and St Lucia). Regional cooperation. MARPLASTICCs National Plastic Pollution Hotspotting and Shaping Action reports (Regional cooperation. Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Thailand and Viet Nam) PlastiCoCo National Plastic Pollution reporting - Tanzania Close the Plastics Tap knowledge products and reports (g) To periodically assess the progress of implementation of the instrument; (h) To periodically assess the effectiveness of the instrument in achieving its objectives; (i) To provide scientific and socio-economic assessments related to plastic pollution; National reports as above, plus the work of IUCN on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), national plastics policies, and The economic impacts of plastic pollution. (j) To increase knowledge through awareness-raising, education and information exchange; (k) To promote cooperation and coordination with relevant regional and international conventions, instruments and organizations, while recognizing their respective mandates, avoiding duplication, and promoting complementarity of action; Close the Plastic Tap programme overall Page 10 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 Tutorials and Trainings on Methodologies and Guidance (with UNEP) for plastic pollution hotspotting – and creation of priority interventions to address the issues at national and regional levels(l) To encourage action by all stakeholders, including the private sector, and to promote cooperation at the global, regional, national and local levels;Alternate Value Chains as noted in the Plastic Waste Free Islands project and Business Engagement(m) To initiate a multi-stakeholder action agenda;Close the Plastic Tap programme overall(n) To specify arrangements for capacity-building and technical assistance, technology transfer on mutually agreed terms, and financial assistance, recognizing that the effective implementation of some legal obligations under the instrument is dependent on the availability of capacity building and technical and adequate financial assistance; Tutorials and Trainings on Methodologies and Guidance (with UNEP) for plastic pollution hotspotting – and creation of priority interventions to address the issues at national and regional levels Alternate Value Chains as noted in the Plastic Waste Free Islands project IUCN supports these representative, open negotiations IUCN supports the fact that the Plastics Treaty negotiations are representative of all stakeholders, and they are open. This aligns with IUCN's approach to supporting complex environmental negotiations by open discussion and collaboration, holding to the principles of fairness and equity. More information The draft UNEA Resolution text can be found here: UNEA Resolution ©2022 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature By using this site, you consent to the use of cookies and similar technologies to enhance your user experience. For more information please visit ourlegal section https://www.iucn.org/news/marine-and-polar/202203/unea-resolution-end- plastic-pollution-and-iucn-role-implementation-treaty Page 11 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 Selamatkan Anak-anak Indonesia dari Bahaya BPA Rabu, 30 Maret 2022 15:41 WIB INFO NASIONAL – Ketua Komnas Perlindungan Anak, Arist Merdeka Sirait, mendesak Presiden Joko Widodo turun tangan menyelamatkan anak-anak Indonesia dari bahaya Bisfenol A atau BPA — bahan kimia yang bisa menyebabkan kanker dan kemandulan — pada galon berbahan polikarbonat (bahan plastik keras). "Kami sudah bersurat melalui Sekretariat Negara, meminta kesempatan untuk menjelaskan hal ini langsung ke Presiden," kata Arist dalam diskusi publik "FMCG Talk" dengan tema "Risiko BPA bagi Kesehatan Publik dan Pengaturannya pada Industri Air Minum Dalam Kemasan", Senin, 28 Maret. "Intinya negara tidak boleh kalah oleh industri," katanya. "Karena itu, rancangan peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan tentang pelabelan risiko BPA perlu segera disahkan." Asosiasi Perusahaan Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Indonesia, organisasi induk industri air kemasan, termasuk yang gencar menolak lahirnya peraturan pelabelan risiko BPA. Asosiasi menganggap rancangan tersebut, kini tengah memasuki fase pengesahan di Sekretariat Kabinet, tak ubahnya "vonis mati" karena konsumen bakal beralih ke air galon dengan kemasan yang dianggap lebih sehat. Dalam draft peraturan BPOM, dipublikasikan ke khalayak luas sejak November 2021, produsen galon yang menggunakan kemasan plastik keras polikarbonat wajib mulai mencantumkan label "Berpotensi Mengandung BPA" kurun tiga tahun tiga tahun sejak peraturan disahkan. Sementara itu, produsen yang menggunakan kemasan selain plastik polikarbonat diizinkan memasang label "Bebas BPA". Sekaitan itu, Kepala BPOM, Penny K. Lukito, pada 21 Maret, meyakinkan rencana pelabelan risiko BPA sama sekali tidak bertujuan merugikan pelaku usaha. Justru, katanya, kebijakan itu untuk melindungi industri air kemasan dari tanggung jawab (liability) di masa datang, senyampang memberikan perlindungan kesehatan ke khalayak luas."Aspek keamanan AMDK terkait dengan potensi resiko kesehatan konsumen harus menjadi prioritas" kata Penny. Bagi Arist, penegasan BPOM tersebut seharusnya mendorong semua kalangan untuk bersama-sama memikirkan potensi bahaya BPA pada kesehatan masyarakat luas pada jangka panjang. Page 12 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 "Kalau industri AMDK tidak terjaga dengan baik, dampaknya bakal terasa pada anak-anak dan orang dewasa," katanya. "Dalam perspektif itu lah, saya katakan industri harus patuh dan negara harus betul-betul menyelamatkan anak-anak dari bahaya BPA." Dalam diskusi yang sama, Ketua Pengurus Harian Yayasan Lembaga Konsumen Indonesia (YLKI), Tulus Abadi, melihat pelabelan risiko BPA sebagai wujud tanggung jawab pemerintah dalam memastikan terpenuhinya hak masyarakat atas produk yang aman untuk dikonsumsi. "Rancangan peraturan pelabelan itu sifatnya memperkuat regulasi yang sudah ada," katanya. Menurut Tulus, industri keliru bila sampai menganggap BPOM tak perlu lagi merevisi regulasi terkait risiko BPA pada kemasan galon guna ulang."Ambang batas migrasi BPA pada galon guna ulang yang ditetapkan BPOM selama ini bukan harga mati, bisa diperbaharui untuk peningkatan perlindungan konsumen dan agar sejalan dengan perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi," katanya. "Jangankan peraturan BPOM, undang-undang sekalipun masih bisa direvisi. Jadi kenapa industri mesti takut?" Menurut Tulus, pelabelan risiko BPA pada galon polikarbonat tidak dimaksudkan untuk menakut-nakuti publik namun semata agar konsumen punya hak pilih atas produk yang mereka konsumsi. "Undang-undang perlindungan konsumen jelas mengatur hal tersebut, termasuk soal label dan informasi produk yang terperinci," katanya. YLKI, telah melayangkan surat ke BPOM, mendesak lembaga untuk tidak ragu dalam mengambil keputusan terkait pelabelan risiko BPA."Harus diakui, yang punya kompetensi dalam soal risiko BPA hanya BPOM," katanya menepis berbagai tudingan miring industri terhadap inisiatif BPOM. "Kalau BPOM ciut, bagaimana nasib konsumen?" Tulus juga menyesalkan industri yang masih gagal menangkap niat baik pemerintah, khususnya BPOM, terkait rancangan peraturan pelabelan risiko BPA."Industri memang selalu begitu perilakunya setiap ada regulasi baru, selalu menentang," katanya. "Mereka masih melihat regulasi baru sebagai cost center , dianggap sebagai beban usaha." Sementara itu, ahli polimer dari Balai Teknologi Polimer, Dr. Chandra Liza, menilai ada risiko tersendiri bila level migrasi BPA yang telah ditetapkan BPOM tidak dipatuhi oleh industri air kemasan. "Kuncinya ada pada pengawasan," ujarnya. Menurut Liza, perlu pula ada edukasi yang menyeluruh atas kalangan penjual air kemasan galon terkait risiko peluluhan BPA akibat pemajangan, penyimpanan dan distribusi galon yang serampangan."Pemajangan Page 13 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 produk galon yang tidak baik bisa mengakibatkan proses migrasi BPA menjadi lebih cepat," katanya. Sebelumnya, pada akhir Januari silam, Deputi Bidang Pengawasan Pangan Olahan BPOM, Rita Endang, mengungkap pihaknya menemukan "sejumlah kecenderungan mengkhawatirkan" terkait level migrasi BPA pada galon guna ulang berbahan polikarbonat yang beredar luas di masyarakat. Menurut Rita, temuan itu bersumber dari hasil uji sampel post-market BPOM selama periode 2021-2022. Namun Ketua Advokasi FMCG Insights, sebuah lembaga riset produk kemasan, menyayangkan BPOM yang masih menahan penerbitan utuh hasil riset anyar tersebut. Padahal, katanya, informasi itu sangat dinanti publik yang kian bergantung pada air kemasan untuk kebutuhan air minum sehari-hari. "Kami menganggap informasi itu krusial, sebagian bagian dari perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan hak konsumen atas keamanan dan keselamatan produk," kata Willy.(*) info tempoAnak-anakAir Minum Dalam Kemasan © 2021 TEMPO - Hak Cipta Dilindungi Hukum https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1576584/selamatkan-anak-anak-indonesia-dari-bahaya- bpa?utm_source=izooto&utm_medium=push_notifications&utm_campaign=DS_Le%20 Minerale_Selamatkan%20Anak-anak%20Indonesia What Will Brazil Do With Illegally Trafficked American Garbage? “This doesn‟t belong to our country. No way.” MARCO DALLA STELLA,MATHILDE BERG UTZON,SHERIDAN WALL, RUBENS VALENTE, AND GIANNINA SEGINI MAY 10, 2022 Jaepel Papéis e Embalagens, a packaging producer in the state of Goiás in central Brazil.Sergio Lima/UOL Facts matter: Sign up for the free Mother Jones Daily newsletter. Support our nonprofit reporting. Subscribe to our print magazine. This story was produced in collaboration with Columbia Journalism Investigations and UOL. It was republished in partnership with Mother Jones Page 14 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 A green squeegee.A plastic bottle half-filled with neon yellow liquid.Used geriatric diapers.Latex gloves. Surgical masks. All of these items reached Brazil from ports along the East Coast of the United States, arriving in shipping containers stuffed with moldy cardboard meant for recycling. ―This import is forbidden,‖ said a July 26, 2021, message sent through the Brazilian environmental agency‘s internal communication system to its main office in São Paulo. The message referred to a series of shipments destined for a local paper manufacturer and featured pictures of the debris. In one photograph, the smiling face of Mike Lindell, a prominent Trump supporter and conspiracy theorist in the US, was printed on a package that once contained two pillows. By August 2021, authorities at the nearby Port of Santos were seizing 48 containers of the American household trash and cardboard mixture. Countries like Brazil impose strict controls on the import and export of such waste. Ibama, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, whose primary responsibility is enforcing environmental regulations, is now investigating the Brazilian importing company for illegal trafficking of hazardous waste. But not regulators in the US, where the federal government has yet to ratify an international agreement limiting the transboundary trade of harmful debris. Here, the US Environmental Protection Agency does not include household waste among its hazardous waste regulations. Nor are there rules requiring American exporters to take back containers rejected by other countries. As a result, those countries are left with the burden of disposal. Without these measures, said Jim Puckett, founder of the Seattle-based environmental group Basel Action Network, ―people can export in this country with impunity.‖ Brazil has become just the latest destination for shipping waste. Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, shipments of used paper waste to that country have soared from the combined effect of increased demand for packaged products and the disruption of the collection of recyclables from households. Other countries already serve as a cautionary tale for the consequences of America‘s loose rules over the movement of waste overseas. In Indonesia in recent years, streams of paper debris from the US and other Western countries have intensified after China banned these imports in 2018. Enormous open-air dumpsites have emerged in villages next door to Indonesian paper mills, and local activists there blame the sites for environmental degradation, such as water pollution and seafood contamination. Page 15 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 Lenient regulation on these exports can result in waste hop-skipping from one country to the next, lessening its chances of a return to the US In 2019 in Indonesia‘s second -largest port city, Surabaya, authorities seized 58 containers of paper scrap mixed with plastic and other hazardous materials exported by American companies. Indonesian law mandates the return of these containers to the exporter, but 46 of them went to India, Thailand, South Korea, and Vietnam instead. The situation often amounts to what Indonesian activist Yuyun Ismawati called, in a statement at the time, ―a global waste shell game.‖ Despite strict controls, Brazil became a new destination for imports of recyclable paper during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sérgio Lima/UOL The suspicious containersseized in Santos departed from ports in Boston, Charleston, and Baltimore, some stopping in Panama before reaching their final destination about one month later. Once in Brazil, officers from Ibama and the Federal Revenue of Brazil — the equivalent of the US Internal Revenue Service — found various types of plastics and potentially hazardous materials, including disposable plates, cans of energy drinks, used clothes, and charging cables, mixed with cardboard imported for recycling, as Ibama described in a report. The presence of masks and gloves also sparked concern among some Ibama authorities over the possible spread of Covid-19 variants. These findings especially alarmed Ana Angelica Alabarce, Ibama‘s chief officer in the area. ―There is no way this thing is entering our country,‖ she said during an interview on the YouTube channel, Porto360. ―This doesn‘t belong to our country. No way.‖ The containers had been declared under the customs code used for recyclable paper scrap and cardboard, which does not require prior authorization for shipping. However, Ibama questioned the categorization of this material because waste from American households is not allowed in shipments of material categorized under this code. Instead, the agency stated that the material should have been classified as ―urban solid waste,‖ which, by law, Brazilian companies are banned from importing. Brazilian industry guidelines do allow a limited presence of contaminants, which can be as much as 3% of impurities — anything that is non- recyclable — and 1% of prohibitive materials, including any material that would make the paper bale unusable. The importing company claims these limits have been respected, though according to Ibama, they are domestic guidelines and should not apply to imported recyclables. Page 16 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 A team from Brazil‘s National Health Surveillance Agency, Anvisa, wrote in an inspection report that the presence of ―plastic waste, surgical gloves, medication packs (blister) along with the leaflet, used cleaning cloths and various food packaging, including aluminum cans, mixed in the packages‖ signaled that the US- based exporter ―did not carry out the correct segregation of waste.‖ The discovery of garbage in the containers led the Federal Revenue of Brazil to issue a national notice to all its posts in the country‘s ports to locate other containers with similar material, according to internal Ibama sources. In September 2021, Brazilian environmental authorities fined Jaepel Papéis e Embalagens the equivalent of $8 million for importing household waste. Sérgio Lima/UOL Last September, Ibama fined the importing company — a packaging producer called Jaepel Papéis e Embalagens — the equivalent of more than $8 million US dollars at the time of publishing, the highest fine imposed by the agency since 2010, for ―illegal traffic of hazardous and other waste.‖ Asked to comment on the case in December 2021, Jaepel declined to speak with UOL journalists. In an email from its press office, the company stated, ―Th ank you for contacting us. We are sorry that we cannot help you with your investigation. We do not have information about your demand.‖ On a trip to the company‘s headquarters in Senador Canedo, a town just outside of Brazil‘s capital, Brasilia, one of it s main directors, Marco Aurélio Cardoso, said he was unaware of the matter. UOL journalists pressed Cardoso about the presence of garbage in the imported paper. ―I would like to speak with you later. There is no garbage,‖ he replied. Told of the photographs and videos showing the garbage, he rolled up the car window and left. Cardoso said he would contact reporters to arrange an interview, but never did. In April, the Brazilian environmental authority confirmed that Jaepel had paid its fine, although the agency did not specify the final amount. Since 2019, a controversial provision introduced by the administration of President Jair Bolsonaro allows companies to negotiate environmental sanctions. Page 17 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 Jaepel Papéis e Embalagens, a packaging producer in the state of Goiás in central Brazil.Sérgio Lima/UOL Although the US is a major producer and exporter of waste, the industry is largely unregulated. Unlike Brazil, the US remains one of the few countries globally — along with South Sudan — that has not ratified the Basel Convention, an international agreement aimed at preventing the trade of harmful debris from polluting the environment. The Basel Convention includes household trash among the ―other waste‖ category that requires prior consent by authorities in the importing country before exporting it. Ibama was not notified of the import before its arrival in Santos. ―The US does not condone the illegal export of waste to Brazil,‖ an EPA spokesperson wrote in an email. But ―there are no US federal export or import requirements...for the transboundary shipment of medical waste or infectious waste of the type recently seized in Santos.‖ Puckett, the Seattle environmentalist who advocates against the global trade of harmful waste, criticized the federal government‘s non - membership in the Basel Convention as ―completely unacceptable and immoral.‖ As the case in Brazil exemplifies, the US‘s refusal to sign that agreement means governments in Latin America are forced to take on the difficult task of detecting and preventing imports of mixed waste. This is true especially when the material is ―disguised as recyclable materials such as paper,‖ according to Neil Tangri, of the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, a worldwide network of environmental nonprofit groups. In a WhatsApp message, Tangri called the Brazil case ―extremely worrying.‖ As he explained, ―The arrival of mixed waste, even with hospital waste that must have a totally different management from municipal waste, means an even greater risk.‖ On a trip t o Jaepel‘s factory in Senador Canedo, Brazil, journalists from UOL spoke to one of the company‘s main directors who denied importing the household garbage. Sérgio Lima/UOL At least 48 of the seized containers were exported by CellMark Inc., an international trader of paper scrap headquartered in Sweden with 30 partner facilities across the US In 2020, one trade publication ranked the company as the third-largest exporter in this country. Last November, Columbia Journalism Investigations reporters visited Cellmark‘s office in South Norwalk, Connecticut, where the head of its recycling division, Jimmy Derrico, works. He declined to comment, as did Page 18 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 other employees. After business hours, CJI reporters spoke with Derrico at a nearby restaurant, where he suggested that litigation was coming. He said he did not want to answer questions about the shipments and did not elaborate on the nature or origin of the lawsuit. The company did not respond to CJI‘s numerous phone calls, text messages, and email messages seeking comment for this story. Nor did it respond to written questions sent by email and postal mail. In its code of conduct, the company states that ―we comply with all environmental regulations in the jurisdictions we operate.‖ Without the US‘s m embership in the Basel Convention, CellMark has no legal obligation to receive the containers if Brazilian authorities were to ship them back, as required by law. The material will instead be incinerated in a licensed facility supervised by Ibama officials, an agency spokesperson said. Despite the lack of US regulation of this material, a spokesperson from Homeland Security Investigations, the unit of the US Department of Homeland Security charged with investigating international crime, confirmed that the case has been referred to it. The unit declined to comment further, citing the ongoing investigation. Brazilian authorities found household garbage – a type of waste that the country prohibits – mixed with used paper imported for recycling. Sérgio Lima/UOL Ibama officials have also questioned other unchecked containers imported by Jaepel and exported by CellMark. Since January 2021, the Brazilian company imported about 250 containers of paper scrap — more than any other year since 2014, international shipping data shows. In the Brazilian legal documentation about the case, obtained via a records request in Brazil, Jaepel‘s lawyers explained that these shipments became necessary due to disruption in the supply of paper scrap from commercial and industrial sites and the diminished collection of recyclables during the coronavirus pandemic. Jaepel ―is not part of any movement or organization focused on circumventing the legislation,‖ the lawyer wrote in a letter to the judge. ―There is data to demonstrate that im portation appears as the only alternative capable of maintaining production in the exceptional context of the pandemic and in the face of the obstacles imposed in the domestic market.‖ In 2021, companies in the US exported about 12 times the amount of paper scrap to Brazil as they did in 2019, according to the latest trade data Page 19 of 128 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Juni 2022 published by the United Nations. Part of this increase was driven by higher demand for packaging from online retailers, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the ―Amazon effect.‖ In a press release, Empapel, the Brazilian Paper Packaging Association, stated that internet sales grew from about 6% of online retail before March 2020 to almost 70%