Hesperidin a citrus flavonoid and the CNS Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside found abundantly in citrus possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties of relevance to CNS disorders [1]. It significantly attenuated the altered levels of oxidative stress and had anti-inflammatory effects, exerting neuroprotective effects. It's anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect has been proposed to be of benefit in neurodegenerative disorders In humans, acute doses of citrus flavonoids can increase cerebral blood flow and subjective and objective measures of cognitive functioning, with effects also noted in healthy adults for more chronic dosing. It has antidepressant properties via its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the enhancement of neurogenesis (chronic treatment with low dose hesperidin resulted in an increase in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels), and changes in the levels of monoamines in the brain along with Nrf2 activation. Modulation of inflammatory cytokines has been noted and a raise in NE has been reported to add to the antidepressant effect. 5-HT1ARs and Kappa-opioid receptors have also been implicated, along with modulating tryptophan hydroxylase and MAO activity, whilst also targeting microglial activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome. It augments conventional antidepressants in animal models. It has been suggested "natural flavonoids like hesperidin can be used for therapy of patients with brain injury and depression" [2] Antidepressant effect of hesperidin from [1] It also has therapeutic effects on improving mood via attenuating hyperglycemia. It has significant anti-adipogenic effect and delipidating effects, modulated the inflammatory response and improved antioxidant status. Hesperidin inhibits obesity, hyperglycemia and attenuates insulin resistance. It also reduced atherosclerosis. It ameliorates hyperhomocysteinemia, has significant therapeutic effects on 1 cognitive impairment. It has sedative action. It might be a potential candidate for the treatment of AD or even other neurodegenerative diseases. Results have demonstrated that hesperidin could reduce the incidence and severity of MS in an animal model, possibly aiding remyelination. Likewise it is protective for Parkinson's. It has a known neuroprotective effect and synaptogenic action on the central nervous system, partially mediated through astrocytes. It was able to improve memory in healthy adult mice by two main mechanisms: directly, by inducing synapse formation and function between hippocampal and cortical neurons; and indirectly, by enhancing the synaptogenic ability of cortical astrocytes [1] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114222 [2] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.040 2