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Essays on Political Elites and Violence in Changing Political Orders of Middle East and Africa

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"This research project addresses the question of how political elites’ behaviour varies when competition among them is heightened. Focusing on changing political orders across Africa and the Middle East, it seeks to understand how political elites facing internal and external challenges manipulate local power structures for political survival purposes, resulting in distinct political trajectories. The thesis argues that local political and conflict environments are conditional on the nature of competition among elites. Volatile political transitions, intense popular unrest, and militarised environments all create distinct incentives and constraints which shape political orders, and determine the inclusion or exclusion of select elites in the resulting political settlement. Using a mixed-method research design which combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the thesis consists of five essays exploring select topics and three in-depth case studies. The essays address two cross-cutting themes. First, they show how elites reconfigure institutional structures to cement alliances and survive internal or external challenges when power is being contested after a change in the leadership, or when facing popular mobilisation. Bargaining occurs through ministerial appointments or purges which aim to consolidate political settlements and secure power holders from rivals. Examples from Tunisia and recent episodes of leadership changes from across Africa are presented together with original datasets of ministerial appointments. Second, the essays illustrate how patterns of violence within states are indicative of the fragmented nature of the political environment of the political competition therein taking place. Findings from Libya and Yemen are presented to demonstrate that localised fragmentation produce subnational geographies of conflict which reflect the strategies and the mobilisation capacity of armed groups and elite actors."

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Buy Magic Mushrooms Online Delivery In USA - shroomlandhub.pdf

Buy Magic Mushrooms Online Delivery In USA - shroomlandhub.com

Buy Magic mushrooms, also known as psilocybin mushrooms, have gained immense popularity for their therapeutic and recreational benefits. With the growing acceptance of alternative medicine and natural psychedelics, many individuals are turning to magic mushrooms for their potential to enhance well-being and provide spiritual experiences. Address: Los Angeles, CA, USA. Email: [email protected]

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Sanjos

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Conteúdo para adultos
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vilas movers

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Vassals of the Lode-Star

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Encoder Market.pdf

RAJU YADAV

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Roxy

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The White Gauntlet

Mayne Reid

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Roxy

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Sao Mateus Ano XXIV nº33

S. Mateus

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Sao Mateus Ano XXIV nº35

S. Mateus

S. Mateus

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Sao Mateus Ano XXIV nº29

S. Mateus

S. Mateus

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Sao Mateus Ano XXIV nº25

S. Mateus

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Alexandria: A History and a Guide

E. M. (Edward Morgan) Forster

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The Confessions of St. Augustine

Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo

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Confessions is the name of a series of thirteen autobiographical books by St. Augustine of Hippo written between AD 397 and AD 398. In modern times, the books are usually published as a single volume known as The Confessions of St. Augustine . The works outline Augustine's sinful youth and his conversion to Christianity. It is widely seen as the first Western autobiography ever written, and was an influential model for Christian writers throughout the following 1000 years of the Middle Ages. It is not a complete autobiography, as it was written in his early 40s, and he lived long afterwards, p.

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Neuro Cochlear Implant

futuristicreports.com

Technology

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Exhaust Fan - MCG.pdf

ismail - [2010]

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Lars von Trier movie analysis

maxmag

Lars von Trier movie analysis explores the director’s provocative storytelling, psychological depth, and raw cinematic style. From Melancholia to Dancer in the Dark, each film reflects intense emotion and controversial themes. This analysis offers deeper insight into his unique filmmaking approach and impact on modern cinema.

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Is Full Body Pillow Helpful for Women During Pregnancy.pdf

Justin Tyler

A Full Body Pillow is often seen as a beneficial tool for pregnant women. It is said to help with many different issues such as improving sleep, reducing pain, and aiding in the alignment of the spine. However, there are no clear studies that back up these claims....

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The Factory Boy

Madeline Leslie

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The Forfeiture

Charles Rivière Dufresny

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The Essex Car Group BMW.pdf

Used BMW cars for sale in Essex, London | BMW Dealer

The Essex Car Group is the number one choice for used BMW cars for sale in Essex, London. Contact us to book your test drive today.

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Researches in Cypriote History and Archaeology

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Researches in Cypriote History and Archaeology collects the Proceedings of an international meeting held in Florence in April 2009. The title and the contributions disclose how the original planning of a workshop in Florence evolved in time. A report of the University of Florence research activity in the Kouris river valley has been initially planned; as soon as the idea of the meeting was advertised, it was found appropriate to enlarge the horizon and to include in the discussion further issues on Cypriote History, Archaeology and Philology. It will, thus, be seen that starting from the Kouris Valley a kind of small overview on Bronze and Iron Age Cyprus has been put together. A wide variety of themes and interests raised up during the meeting in Florence, as well as a positive esprit de collaboration which allowed to share new results of interesting researches in progress, open further possibilities of exchanges and lead us to hope for a new meeting dedicated to Cypriote History and Archaeology, to be planned in Tuscany in a next future.

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