S2: Pollution Abatement - Unit 1, Session 2 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Recycling differs from reclamation because reclamation: ○ Answer: C. Sells recovered materials externally 2. Good housekeeping practices mainly reduce: ○ Answer: C. Fugitive emissions and spills 3. Cleaner production improves profitability because it: ○ Answer: B. Reduces treatment costs 4. Which of the following is an environmental barrier? ○ Answer: A. Climate change impacts 5. A major barrier in implementing sustainable development is: ○ Answer: A. Short-term focus on profits Short Questions Q1. What is cleaner production and how does it differ from end-of-pipe pollution control? ● Answer: Cleaner Production (CP) is the continuous application of an integrated preventative environmental strategy to industrial processes, products, and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment. Unlike end-of-pipe control, which treats or cleans up pollutants after they have already been generated, cleaner production prevents pollution at the source. Q2. What are economic barriers to sustainability? ● Answer: Economic barriers include high initial capital investment costs for green technologies, lack of adequate financial incentives or government subsidies, uncertainty surrounding return on investment (ROI), and a corporate focus on short-term financial profits rather than long-term environmental value. Long Questions Q1. Describe major sustainability strategies adopted in industrial systems with emphasis on pollution prevention and cleaner production. ● Answer: Industrial systems implement several strategies to achieve sustainability: ○ Pollution Prevention (P2): Eliminating or reducing waste at the source rather than managing it post-generation. ○ Cleaner Production: Optimizing operational efficiency, substituting hazardous raw materials, and implementing good housekeeping to minimize resource waste and energy use. ○ Industrial Ecology / Industrial Symbiosis: Operating industrial networks where the waste product of one facility serves as the raw material for another. ○ Design for Environment (DfE): Designing products while considering their entire lifecycle to ensure recyclability, ease of disassembly, and minimal toxicity.