1 T.H. Fritsch Handbook of the Jewish Question Facsimile Translated from the German by Stewart Hinds 2 THEODOR FRITSCH: HANDBOOK OF THE JEWISH QUESTION THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE Forty-ninth edition 279th to 330th thousand HAMMER-PUBLISHER / LEIPZIG / 1944 3 Theodor Fritsch (October 28, 1852- September 8, 1933) "The Creator of Practical Anti-Semitism" Theodor Fritsch (10/28/1852- 9/8/1933) "The Creator of Practical Anti-Semitism" Theodor Fritsch, the farmer's son and mill construction engineer, by 1880 was already in close connection with the great an- ti-Jews Lagarde, Dühring, Liebermann von Sonnenberg, Bockel, Stoecker etc. The deeper his knowledge of Judaism became- as a student he still lived in a Jewish family- the more he realized the purpose of his life. Foregoing the income from his profession, he sacrificed money, time and all his en- ergies in order, if necessary, in the smallest of daily work, to convey his thoughts to the German people. More or less abandoned by all friends, he published the "Hammer" - papers for the German sense - in 1902. In a time determined by Rathenau, Ballin, Warburg and other money Jews, he had to reckon with the fact of being sent to prison every day- if he published truths about Jewish conduct in business, poli- tics, culture and religion. A thoroughly Jewish judge sentenced him to prison and fines, a Jewish press vilified him, a completely blind people misunderstood him, who only followed his inner voice. As ear- ly as 1887 he put together the "Anti-Semite Catechism", this is the 49th edition of the "Handbuch der Judenfrage" (Handbook of the Jewish Question). In the years before and after the World War, he wrote a number of books that are still among the basic educational writings of the populist-national socialist movement: "The false god- the riddle of Jewish success", "My dispute with the Warburg house", " The sins of big finance "," Anti-Rathenau ". When Theodor Fritsch died on September 8, 1933, he had ful- filled the mission he had set for himself, still unrecognized by millions of people because of the Jewish hatred: the most important foundations on which the German people could build a new empire. 4 Contents Foreword to the forty-ninth edition .............................................. ................................ 7 Introduction ................................................. .................................................. ............................. 8 Racial studies of the Jewish people 1 ............................................. ....................................... 12 Appendix: Jewish names .............................................. .................................................. ..... 19 Directory of widely used Jewish words .............................................. ....................... 21 Yiddish and Rotwelsch ............................................... .................................................. ....... 23 History of Judaism ............................................... .................................................. .... 24 Introduction ................................................. .................................................. .......................... 24 I. The history of Judaism in the ancient world of culture ........................................ ............ 25 1. Main content of ancient history ............................................ .................................... 25 2. History of Palestine up to the Babylonian captivity .................................... 26 3. Origin and nature of "Judaism" ......................................... ............................ 30 4. Judaism in the Persian, Greco-Macedonian, Roman Empire ........ 33 5. The Orientalization of the Entire Ancient Cultural World .......................................... .........36 II. History of Judaism in the Middle Ages1) .......................................... ............................ 38 1. Main content of medieval history ............................................ ................... 38 2. Judaism in the early Middle Ages ............................................ ..................................... 38 3. Judaism in the later Middle Ages ........................................... ............................... 41 III. Modern Period ................................................. .................................................. ....................43 1. The ghetto period .............................................. .................................................. ................43 2. Anglo-Americans and Jews ............................................. ............................................ 44 3. The Jews in Germany ............................................ ................................................. 47 4. The Jews in France ............................................ .................................................. 50 5. The fall of Poland ............................................. .................................................. ... 50 6. The Jews as revolutionary and war profiteers ......................................... ............... 51 IV. Recent Period1) ............................................. .................................................. .................. 52 1. Main content of the Latest History ............................................ .............................. 52 2. Judaizing of Economic Life ............................................ ........................... 53 3. Judaizing of Political Life ............................................ ................................... 55 4. Judaizing of Spiritual and Moral life .......................................... .................. 59 5. Strange Allies .............................................. .............................................. 60 Conclusion................................................. .................................................. ................................ 60 The Jewish doctrine ............................................... ........................ .......................... ................. 62 Notable Bible passages ................................................ ............................................... 62 The Old Testament Conceptions of God ............................................. .................. 62 Old Testament Morality ............................................. ................................. 66 Opposing Voices in the New Testament ............................................. ............ 70 The Talmud ................................................ .................................................. ....................... 71 The Schulchan aruch1) .............................................. .................................................. .......... 74 The formula "Kol Nidré" ............................................ .................................................. .......... 80 Ritual murders ................................................. ............... 81 Ritual slaughter ................................................ .................................................. .................... 82 1. What is ritual slaughter? .............................................. ................................................. . ...... 82 2. The judgment of the experts .............................................. .................................... 83 5 3. The Aryan - the Jew ............................................. .................................................. ....... 84 4. The real sense of ritual slaughter ............................................. ...................................... 84 Jewish Fighting Organizations ................................................ ............................................. 86 The Kahal ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 86 Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU) ............................................ ........................................ 89 Independent Order of B'nai B'rith (UOBB) ............................................... .......................... 90 Agudas Yisrael ................................................ .................................................. .......... .......... 92 Jewish Agency ................................................ .................................................. .................... 92 Central Association of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith ........................ ......................... 92 Aid Association of German Jews .................. .................................................. .................... 93 Association for the Defense against Anti- Semitism ............................................. .............. .... 94 Association of German Jews .............................................. .................................................. 94 Association of National German Jews ............................................... ...................................... 94 The Protocols of Zion ............................................... .................................................. ......... 95 Zionism ................................................ .................................................. .................. 97 Judaism in the German cultural community ............................................ ........... 100 In politics............................................... .................................................. ...................... 100 The Civil parties ............................................... ................................................ 101 The Marxist parties ............................................... .............................................. 110 The non-partisan centers of Jewish influence ............................................. ... 121 The Christian Churches and Judaism ............................................ ........................... 138 Influencing public opinion ............................................. ....................... 159 Press in Germany ............................................... .................................................. .... 159 The Jew in the foreign press ............................................. ........................................ 167 In business life ................................................ .................................................. ......... 169 Jews in the bank and stock exchange ............................................. ...................... ..................... 169 The department stores ................................................ .................................................. .......... 174 Jewish corruption ................................................ .................................................. ..... 178 Judaism in music ............................................. .................................................. 179 Judaism in the theater .............................................. .................................................. ... 187 Judaism in the film .............................................. .................................................. ....... 190 Judaism on the radio .............................................. ................................................. 197 Judaism in painting ............................................. ................................................ 200 Judaism in gymnastics and sport ............................................ ........................................ 202 Judaism in German literature ............................................. ................................ 205 Judaism in German philosophy ............................................ .......................... 219 Judaism in Medicine ............................................. ................................................ 225 Judaism in De linquency ............................................. ....................................... 232 Judaism in Statistics ............................................. ................................................ 236 Judaism in Foreign and Own Judgment . .......................................... ....................... 242 Judgments of Roman writers ............................................... ........................................... 242 Judgments by Arab and Persian writers and Scholars .......................................... 243 Judgments from the Sixth to Sixteenth centuries ........................................... ........... 243 Judgments by writers, statesmen and philosophers from the Thirty Years War to the Wars of Liberation 1813-1815 ................................. .................................................. 249 Judgments about the Jews after the wars of freedom up to the present ................................ 256 Self-confessions ................................................ ............................................... 272 6 On the History of German Anti-Judaism . ............................................ ...................... 288 I. The anti-Jewish defense movement ............................................... ................................. 288 1. The emergence of the anti-Jewish movement ............................................. ................. 288 2. The development of anti-Jewish associations, Confederations and Parties up to the World War...................................... .................................. 290 II. The National Awakening .............................................. .................................................. 298 1. The national goal ............................................... .................................................. ..... 298 2. The development of the national associations, leagues and parties ................................. 298 3. The National Socialist German Workers' Party1) ............................................. ... 299 III. German Religious Endeavors of Modern Times ............................................ ..... 305 Conclusion ........................................... .................................................. ............................... 311 7 Foreword to the forty-ninth edition Struggle of the New Germany to win and secure racial unity and their own people's creation have giv- en the "Nuremberg Laws for the Protection of the German Blood and German Culture" at the 1935 Reich Party Rally, a provisional goal set. The dejudication of public life, politics, culture and economy in the Germany of Adolf Hitler received the greatest att ention all over the world. With Jewry’s hunt against Germany, agitating by all means, and against all anti- Jewish efforts, it’s necessary, more than ever, to educate the people about this to promote the basic question of their existence. Created by the German and by contemplation based on German things, the "Handbook of the Jewish Question" has become precisely by the present time an indispensable spiritual weapon against the Jewish world plague. Its inner transformation takes this into account insofar as it comes from a pure combat book to an ex- emplary folk textbook and has become subject of the most thoroughly factual training. In the spirit of Theodor Fritsch, it goes its way to the Aryan peoples, for whom such knowledge becomes a beacon of liberation from the alien race. The new version of the "manual" offers the classic presentation of the History of the Jews in Germany and found its elementary fulfillment in the difficult but unrelenting struggle of the Germans against these intruders in the National Socialist uprising of the year 1933. Not only historically, but also when judging critically, proven experts in the most varied of fields have contributed everything to do with it to draw a complete picture of this happening, the ruling forces and the latest results. Everyone who cooperates and makes practical suggestions for design and improvement of the "Hand- book of the Jewish Question" (Handbuch der Judenfrage), we thank you; also the countless readers who pass on the knowledge published here and thus help, the last to eliminate ignorance everywhere about Jewish attacks. In memory of the oldest champion of the German uprising against the Jewish World Fiend we also give the new adaptation the tried and tested title: Theodor Fritsch, Handbook of the Jewish Question. May it fulfill its purpose in battle like those two hundred seventy-eight thousand that preceded it. Leipzig, September 1943. Editing of the Handbook of the Jewish Question 8 Introduction The history of Judaism is the history of decline, not of the Jews, but of the peoples who guarded Jew- ish guests and their right to reside. Already at the times of the Romans come voices that this people, as far as one can speak of racial admixture, are guilty in the broadest sense. Judaism likely is exposed here in the oldest historical work of itself, the Bible, which truly reveals the character of these people completely. So for two thousand years, since the Jews knew how to sneak their way into the history of the cultivated world there are strong voices against them; and these utterances increase the stronger Ju- daism took root in the history of Europe. The history of Europe was for centuries world history; when its scope spanned the entire earth, announcements against the Jews expanded to the same extent, if not to a greater extent. From Tacitus and Diodorus through Giordano Bruno to Luther, Goethe, Fichte and Schopenhauer can be heard in part quite strong warnings against the Jews. Tacitus calls the Jews the "abhorrence of human race" (taedium generis humani), the word is found in the New Testament of the Christ of the sons of the Devil, Richard Wagner speaks of a "demon of the decay of humanity ", as Mommsen expresses himself similarly: "Term of the Decomposition", and Treitschke says briefly: "The Jews are our misfortune". The vengeance of the Jewish people already known from the Old Testament, one can well speak of a "divine" vengeance, because today Yahweh God worshiped in the confessions, placed in the foreground as avenger, always prevented that the constant warnings were given the necessary attention. Of course there is still the certain good faith of honorable people and the very peculiar power of the Jews to gain decisive influence over and over and over again. The more the Jews impose their views of politics, economics, art, etc. on other peoples understood with the help of their cunning, blood-wise nature, the stronger this influence grew. So it is an undeniable fact that anyone who takes a stand against the Jew is severely boycotted; not just the individual, such as those who opposed the Jews in the decades before the coup in Germany, but also entire states like us in the years after the National Socialist coup. The money power of Judaism also forced the vain Henry Ford to abandon his fight and anti-Jewish attitude. Besides, anti-Judaism is accepted strictly just as old as Judaism. Theodore Fritsch once said: "How should a superstitious and fanatical sect whose goal is the exploitation and subjugation of honest hu- manity find passionate defense of all honest peoples?" Despite this in part very profound knowledge about Judaism, the Jews were granted citizenship in all states in the 18th and especially in the 19th century. By recognizing them as a religious community, they became equal. Moreover it must be established that the religion of the Jews, Talmud and Shulchan Aruch, was little known to legislators. Because those who are often called guardians of Christianity, didn’t know that in the law books of the Jews an unrestricted anti-Christian position was taken. It could be assumed that since Eisenmenger's revelations about the Talmud made the religious attitude of the Jews known, the printing of this extensive work resulted, by a Prussian king, Friedrich I in 1711. But we know that since the French Revolution of 1789 the power of Judaism had risen so tremendously that it could achieve equality with the help of its economic influence. Moreover equality is and was only applied to Jews in countries outside Germany; it never occurred to the Jews, to acknowledge equal 9 rights as opposed to other people. They are the "chosen people" above all others, and significantly, it is still or again recognized as such today by representatives of both Christian denominations. But it can’t be denied, and it is not even denied by the Jews themselves in frank discussion, that in the end it was not a question of religious community among the Jews. Rather, they call that "religion", which in reality turns out to be age-old legal regulations "for the material advancement of the Jewish people". While belief, for example, among the German people, represents an inner knowledge of God of genetic type, religion for the Jews is an outer framework for a people who are one, bound together, spread over all states of the earth. The Jews are therefore a "state within a state" on the one hand and "state over all states" on the other. The anti-Jewish movement has a centuries-old literary prehistory, which in Germany with true per- ception of the context led to victory through Adolf Hitler in 1933. One can speak of a spring that through time has grown into an insurmountable stream. At the beginning there is Martin Luther's writ- ing "Of the Jews and their Lies", in which he uses the hard, often unheard of coarse language of his time denouncing Judaism. That which followed first in 1701, Professor Eisenmenger's "Das Entdeckte Judentum" significantly forbidden by the Austrian emperor, revealed the infinite moral low of the so- called "religion" of the Talmud. It then followed, in connection with earlier measures, some Jewish laws, "Juden Reglements", of various princes. The last but decisive campaign against Judaism in Ger- many began- with Richard Wagner's book "Judaism in Music" (1869). "The Jews and the German State" appeared as early as the following year. The author called himself H. Naudh; but it may well be assumed that a close colleague of Bismarck was behind the significant writing. Later landowner Hein- rich Nordmann was assumed author, bu t this wasn’t the case. However, the effect of the book was not such as this or the author(s) had intended it to be. Theodor Fritsch once pointed out that the conserva- tive party itself, powerful at the time, would not have adopted this "publication delivered in heated, state-loyal and Christian tone". Otto Glagau had more success with an article published in the "Gartenlaube" in 1876. He proved here that the tremendous stock market maneuvers in the early seven- ties would have stolen several billions from the German people. From this essay the battle against Ju- daism begins to take on sharper forms. According to the writing of the Jew Wilhelm Marr, "The victory of Judaism over Germanism" (1878) the German publication was remarkable. There now appeared an- ti-Jewish speakers who tried to keep the people always in motion. But it was obvious that the former had not attained the necessary maturity for the last political controversy, so that the anti-Jewish move- ment did flourish to a certain extent, but could not produce historically developmental and conditional success. But it would be wrong to overlook the great value of that time, because the necessary discus- sion, especially the profound knowledge, which led to success in our time through National Socialism, found as it were the first sowing field to a certain extent in those years. In 1878 the court preacher Stoecker appeared, who was called to Berlin from Metz. His speeches sparked a storm of approval and disapproval. Stoecker was of the wrong view that baptism could make Jews decent citizens. Moreover he left the racial foundations out of caution, although the French Gobi- neau's racial system had already appeared in the fifties. So Stoecker's good will soon had to suffer shipwreck. In the next few years, Dr. Ernst Henrici, Lebermann von Sonnenberg, Dr. Bernhard and Paul Förster, Nietzsche's brothers-in-law, came to prominence and achieved public successes, which expanded into a unified anti-Jewish movement. In a short time some anti-Jewish newspapers and magazines were also 10 produced, but these, apart from Otto Glagau's "Culture Fighters" didn’t have a longer lifespan. One must consider as well that in those years the Jews were united by means of their economic power, espe cially in the emerging newspapers, exerting pressure. Newspapers were dependent on their advertisers up to the Editors Law in 1933. If they wrote in an anti-Jewish sense, the profitable advertisements of the large Jewish companies were taken. Conversely, it was of course also the case that those large and small businesses that placed advertisements in the first anti-Jewish newspapers, were boycotted imme- diately by the economic powerhouse of Judaism. As the readership of these first anti-Jewish newspa- pers was naturally limited, the expenses had to be covered by advertisements. This was mostly an un- successful attempt, so the newspapers and magazines soon had to stop again. Nevertheless, it was possible for the movement to send an "anti-Semite petition" to Bismarck as early as 1880, which had around 250,000 signatures. The petition demanded restricting or preventing the immigration of foreign Jews, their exclusion from all official positions, preservation of the Christian character of the elementary school, resumption of statistics on the Jewish population. On November 20, 1880 the petition was discussed in the Prussian House of Representatives. Furthermore, the center del- egate Bachem gave impressive examples of the Jewish terror, which MP Stoecker said if progress (Democrats) continues identifying itself with Judaism, this would cost that party its life. Particularly noteworthy is the work of the then mayor of Berlin, Hobrecht, who liberals heard: "In a society with equal rights, this extravagant, terrible shrieking is intolerable whenever one of them has their toes stepped on; and if even someone in a dependent position, whose office requires special discretion, in- dicts himself by committing tactlessness or indecency against a Jew, which is bad enough, then all con- siderations stop immediately, then every authority bears witness to the depths of their indignation. All magisterial power shall be rescinded to avenge the offense." As with the press, so the possibilities were small with the parliamentary parties for a position against Judaism and support for the anti-Jewish struggle. The amount of members could not carry the neces- sary organizational structure; voluntary donations had to be accepted, donations from wealthy people. And in many cases these were again Jews, so that all were plainly more grateful. In the last few years of the last century, the "German Social Party" arose, which numbered sixteen MP’s in the mid -nineties, under the direction of Dr. Königs (Witten) and Lebermann von Sonnenberg. If some of these, accord- ing to Dr. Boeckel, were exceptionally talented speakers and had a large following in the country, the influence of the German Socialist Party remained low. It then collapsed around the turn of the century. Overwhelming Jewish competition in addition contributed to this decline, which impoverished the in- dustrial middle class and brought industry more and more into the hands of Jewry, also the unruly be- havior of the anti-Jewish politicians Ahlwardt and Count Pückler. In this collapse of the first anti- Jewish movement only Theodor Fritsch remained standing as the only stopping point. He founded his magazine "Hammer" in 1902 and began with this a relentless fight against Judaism. It was extremely difficult for Theodor Fritsch to work against the destruction of every German sen- timent. Jewry proceeded with ruthless means against him from the start. Or else, it worked so skillful- ly within the German state, camouflaged so that the common man could hardly see where and how the Jew was expressing himself. Theodor Fritsch tried incessantly to win a larger circle of friends; he tried to work spiritually and morally, published essays on the racial question, and so on to prepare the ground for a renewal of people and state. During the war from 1914 to 1918 he took a stand in particu- lar fashion against Jewish black marketeers. Because of the publications about the profiteering mis- chief of those war societies established by the Jews Rathenau and Ballin, the "Hammer" was forbidden repeatedly by the supreme army command. 11 The war, the background of which irrefutably shows Jewish agitation, brought the experience of the front-line community. From this fiery trial of the German people and the German soul was born the re- newal of Germany. While outwardly state and people collapsed, while parliamentarianism had its gi- gantic bloom, and with it squandered the German national wealth because of its toleration of Judaism, there were several national leagues founded. It was an inner reaction to the downfall, the longing of the healthy soulful forces against the corruption through Judaism by then living in the German national body for decades. From the natural myriad of revival movements the National Socialist Workers' Party soon stood out, whose leader Adolf Hitler took up the struggle with Jewry in all areas of German life. This struggle, which was primarily about the German worker, had subdued Jewish Marxism and com- munism, an unprecedented harsh and costly blood sacrifice. The NSDAP proved that it was a living popular movement by overcoming purely natural biological and political setbacks. In the takeover of power in the German Reich it showed that the nationalist thought was the one insurmountable creative power of the German people. Of course, Adolf Hitler recognized the absolute law, which revealed itself in the years after the war, that the war was a more arduous period of contemporary history and everything endured before him. This was the last, deep renewal of the German People to a generational problem. The education of the German youth was accordingly placed under the thoughts of the future, which are more momentary than the thoughts the national community designated. Based on the entire historical development the whole life of the people was thus cast into a new milieu. The dissolution of the parties followed legisla- tion of completely new contents. So mainly protection and strengthening of public health and peasant- ry could be achieved as the foundations of the empire. The influence of Judaism was increased by the lawless Jews [Anm.d.K.:Text missing, possibly "exercised"] , but also other traitors to Germany. From the first year the German renewal was under the omen of an all-Jewish fight against Germany. Hardly once in the history of Judaism has it shown supranational cohesion as extraordinary as it is now. Not only the emigrants, but also Jewry domiciled in America, England, France and the Soviet Union tried to close off Germany economically. The global economic consequences of these boycotts dam- aged industries outside Germany to a particular degree, so that the boycott soon lost its first dynamic effects, all the more so as Germany strove to make different areas independent. While in the empire Judaism can be regarded as completely excluded, having no determining effectiveness in any part of the nation's life, the incessant struggle against Germany has opened the eyes of outsiders to Judaism. Anti-Jewish aspirations are emerging everywhere, their effectiveness dependent on various prerequi- sites specific to individual countries. However, racial knowledge, maintenance of which is the best means of defense against Judaism, is more or less advanced in all countries, so that the demise of a world movement today can no longer be expected; also the current world war, a Jewish-led operation brought about anew, will not be able to hinder the awakening of the people. 12 Racial Studies of the Jewish People 1 ) 1 This section is based essentially on Günther's "Rassenkunde des Judisches Volkes"(1930, Munich, J. F. Lehmanns Verlag. Price is 9.90 RM., Born 11.70 RM.). If you look at what are now often obsolete (also from a purely scientific point of view) works, "On the Folklore of the Jews" by Richard Andret, there is no book which was better suited as a basis for the following remarks. The publisher also thanks this point to Professor Günther for the kindly granted permission to use it of his work. A human race is understood to mean a group of people which distinguishes itself by its own uniform physical and mental characteristics from each other group of people (summarized in this way) and only ever again testifies of itself. Not to be confused with the term "race" are the terms "nation" or "state community", furthermore "people" or "civil society" (cultural community), in particular language “community", finally "religion" - or "faith community". This reference is particularly appropriate in our case, because almost every author associates a different meaning with the words "Semitic" and "Semi- tism". At least "Semitic" is the more comprehensive term compared to "Jewish". The expression "anti- Semitism" coined in 1879 by Wilhelm Marr, of Jewish origin, is to that extent already not desirable as there are other peoples of the Semitic language, such as the Arabs, who stand in distinct opposition to the Jews. One therefore would avoid the term "anti-Semite" and replace it with "anti-Jewish" not only on the basis of unity of language. In the antagonism between Jews and non-Jews, perceived of course by both sides, it is important, this is expressly noted here, not just about race, but other driving forces also play a role. The question of how and to what extent this is the case must remain open here, as this would require deep discussion. In essence, however, the sentence "The Jewish question is a racial question" hits the true mark. Günther expresses something more cautious than this, that the race ques- tion "Must form the basis for the discussion of all questions which have and can interpret the mischief and intrigues of the Jewish people". Of course with this we are faced with a new difficulty. If we keep an eye on the racial condition of Europe, we distinguish today, essentially according to Günther, a Nordic, a Western (Mediterranean, Central), a Dinaric, Eastern (Alpine), an Eastern Baltic and a Fälian (Dalian) breed. The characteristics for example of the Nordic race are: tall and long (slender) figure, long face, long skull (seen from above!), light shimmering skin, soft blond hair, bright, especially blue eyes. We come to a region inhab- ited predominantly by a Nordic breed, for example to Norway, we are struck by the similarity of the inhabitants, almost every one of which combines the majority of the characteristics mentioned. If, on the other hand, we were to randomly gather around 1,000 Jews from a major German city, so we would find tall and short, slim and stocky, broad-faced and narrow-faced, dark-haired and blond people next to each other. To conclude from this that the Jews are therefore not a race is not acceptable; then we can readily see that the majority of these Jews undoubtedly have something in common suitable, of course something that cannot easily be described. So at first you are only allowed to conclude that the Jews are not a race, for example in the sense that the above-mentioned European races are. Rather, the Jews are the result of a mixture of races, of course a mixed race of a special kind. In lay circles it is commonly assumed it formed a "mixed breed", i.e. a race, by the mixing of two or several breeds, that draws about equally from each of the crossed breeds; that it therefore formed a me- dium, tan, medium-headed, and medium- faced “mixed race” or new race by crossing a tall, blond, long-headed and narrow-faced breed with a small, black, short-headed, and broad-faced breed. This is not the case. Rather, the so-called Mendelian laws apply here, which we owe to the Augustinian Father 13 Johann (Gregor) Mendel (1822-1884) and about which one might teach oneself in a suitable place. In general, what Eugen Fischer says applies, regarding the skull shape of the Rehobother bastards he ex- amined (South West Africa): "First of all, one sees in typical, detectable mixtures of two different races, that the mixed population does not have a skull shape whose length-width index (ratio of width to length) fluctuates around a mean value, but the variation curve remains bimodal, the two old mean val- ues can still be recognized.” So also relatively strong and centuries -old inbreeding of the Jewish peo- ple has by no means made a "new breed" in the true sense, but indeed environmental influences have particularly promoted the reproduction of the carriers of a certain combination of characteristics and the reproduction of the bearers of all other combinations of characteristics remained inhibited. In this way it has arrived at a certain hereditary accumulation of such physical-psychological hereditary traits, which appear to us as "characteristically Jewish". It should be noted that such a development in the history of humanity is one of the exceptions and is only possible under certain circumstances. There is still no scientific name for the result of such a development. Since some speak against the term "peo- ple", it is best to call the Jews a race of the second order. The races from which this second race order constitutes itself are essentially two: the Middle Eastern race and the Oriental breed; in addition to mi- nor impacts from other races, there are still in particular the Inner-Asian and East Baltic races for con- sideration. Within Judaism, one can discern two main types1): 1) More sub- groups can’t be a greed upon here, such as the so-called "Philistine Type", which should have a relatively large amount of Nordic blood, which people, again in my opinion, must have branched from a larger broader type, indeed tending to fullness and breadth. 1. the Eastern Jews; also called: German Jews or Ashkenazim; 2. the southern Jews; also called: Western Jews, Spanish Jews or Sephardim. To the Eastern Jews, who make up about nine tenths of Judaism, now belong essentially the Jews of the Soviet Union, former Poland, Austria as well Germany, Hungary and most of the Jews of North America and a large part of the Jews of Western Europe; they are racial admixtures in which the Near Eastern race predominates and the admixtures of the Oriental, East Baltic, East, Inner-Asian, Nordic, Hamitic and Negro races come in addition. The order of the races mentioned here give an approximate measure of the strength of the admixture. The southern Jews, who make up about a tenth of the total, are formed today by the Jews of Africa, the Balkans, Italy, Spain and Portugal and part of the Jews of France, England, and Holland. The Orien- tal race predominates in them, in addition come impacts of the Near Eastern, Western, Hamitic, Nordic races and of negro races. It is difficult to describe the physical and mental characteristics of the Jews, if one doesn’t detail beforehand, at least briefly, the two main basic racial foundations under consider a- tion here, namely the Near Eastern and the Oriental races. It indeed requires some basic remarks be- forehand. One could raise the question with what degree of probability one recognizes the Jews as such. This question is hardly to be answered like that. For example, a photograph can deceive because it the Jewish representation is not quite expressed. Also if we have the Jews before us in flesh