ᅠᅠᅠᅠᅠᅠᅠ T he system a tic form a tion of irregul a r verbs ᅠᅠ N ot a tion : T itle (- ✓✓ ) — where (- ✓✓ ) indic a tes the p a ttern S ome word ** — where ** indic a tes a n exception ᅠ ᅠ I dentic a l forms infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple bet bet bet bid ( offer a mount ) bid bid bro a dc a st bro a dc a st bro a dc a st burst burst burst bust bust bust c a st c a st c a st cost cost cost cut cut cut fit fit fit hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt input input / inputted input / inputted knit knitted / knit knitted / knit let let let lip - re a d lip - re a d lip - re a d offset offset offset proofre a d proofre a d proofre a d put put put re a d re a d re a d reset reset reset rid rid rid roughc a st roughc a st roughc a st s a nd - c a st s a nd - c a st s a nd - c a st set set set shed shed shed shut shut shut slit slit slit split split split spre a d spre a d spre a d sublet sublet sublet swe a t swe a ted / swe a t swe a ted / swe a t telec a st telec a st telec a st thrust thrust thrust typec a st typec a st typec a st typeset typeset typeset upset upset upset wed wedded / wed wedded / wed wet wetted / wed wetted / wed ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ A ll forms a re different infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple be ( a m , is , a re ) w a s , were been do did done e a t a te e a ten f a ll fell f a llen freeze froze frozen get got gotten give g a ve given go went gone lie l a y lied overe a t over a te overe a ten see s a w seen sl a y ( kill ) sl a yed / slew sl a yed / sl a in ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ Sa me p a st a nd p a st p a rticiple forms (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple h a ve h a d h a d hold held held le a ve left left light lit / lighted lit / lighted lose lost lost m a ke m a de m a de quit quit / quitted quit / quitted shine shone / shined shone / shined sit s a t s a t spit spit / sp a t spit / sp a t st a nd stood stood tell told told tre a d trod trodden / trod underst a nd understood understood win won won withhold withheld withheld withst a nd withstood withstood ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ Sa me b a se a nd p a st p a rticiple forms ( ✓ - ✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple become bec a me become come c a me come overcome overc a me overcome run r a n run ᅠ ᅠᅠ ᅠ Sa me b a se a nd p a st forms ( ✓✓ -) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple be a t be a t be a ten / be a t browbe a t browbe a t browbe a ten / browbe a t ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ i - a - u infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple B egin B eg a n B egun drink dr a nk drunk ring r a ng rung shrink shr a nk shrunk sing s a ng sung sink s a nk sunk swim sw a m swum ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ i - o - en infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple a rise a rose a risen choose ** chose chosen * drive drove driven h a ndwrite h a ndwrote h a ndwritten ride rode ridden rise rose risen stride strode stridden strive strived / strove strived / striven typewrite typewrote typewritten write wrote written ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ a - oo - en infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple s a ke sook s a ken t a ke took t a ken p a rt a ke p a rtook p a rt a ken sh a ke shook sh a ken ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ e a / a - o - en infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple a w a ke ** a woke a woken bre a k broke broken spe a k spoke spoken ste a l stole stolen w a ke ** woke woken we a ve we a ved / wove we a ved / woven ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ e a r - ore - orn infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple be a r bore borne / born swe a r swore sworn te a r tore torn we a r wore worn ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ inf - ew - own / a wn infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple blow blew blown dr a w drew dr a wn fl y fl ew fl own grow grew grown know knew known throw threw thrown withdr a w withdrew withdr a wn ᅠ ᅠᅠ - ought / - a ught (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple bring brought brought buy bought bought c a tch c a ught c a ught fight fought fought seek sought sought te a ch t a ught t a ught think thought thought ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ind → ound (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple bind bound bound find found found grind ground ground wind wound wound ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ inf + d / t (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple burn burnt burnt dre a m dre a mt dre a mt d a ydre a m d a ydre a mt d a ydre a mt de a l de a lt de a lt dwell dwelt dwelt he a r he a rd he a rd le a n le a nt le a nt le a p le a pt le a pt le a rn le a rnt / le a rned le a rnt me a n me a nt me a nt sell sold sold smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt spell spelled / spelt spelled / spelt spill spilled / spilt spilled / spilt spoil spoiled / spoilt spoiled / spoilt sunburn sunburned / sunburnt sunburned / sunburnt ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ d → t (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple bend bent bent build built built lend lent lent send sent sent spend spent spent ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ V owel reduction (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple b a ckslide b a ckslid b a ckslid \ b a ckslidden bleed bled bled breed bred bred crossbreed crossbred crossbred feed fed fed h a nd - feed h a nd - fed h a nd - fed le a d led led meet met met ple a d ple a ded / pled ple a ded / pled shoot shot shot slide slid slid underfeed underfed underfed ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ V owel reduction + d / t (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple creep crept crept feel felt felt fl ee fl ed fl ed keep kept kept kneel kneeled / knelt kneeled / knelt sleep slept slept speed speeded / sped speeded / sped sweep swept swept weep wept wept ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ V owel a ltern a tion + en infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple bid ( f a rewell ) bid / b a de bidden bite bit bitten frostbite frostbit frostbitten hide hid hidden ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ i - u (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple cling clung clung dig dug dug fl ing fl ung fl ung h a ng ** hung hung sling slung slung slink slinked / slunk slinked / slunk sne a k ** sne a ked / snuck sne a ked / snuck spin spun spun spring spr a ng / sprung sprung stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink st a nk / stunk stunk strike struck stricken / struck string strung strung swing swung swung wring wrung wrung ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ y - id (- ✓✓ ) infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple l a y l a id l a id p a y p a id p a id s a y s a id s a id w a yl a y w a yl a id w a yl a id ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ inf - reg - reg / irreg infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple dive dived / ( dove )** dived disprove disproved disproved / disproven hew hewed hewed / hewn mow mowed mowed / mown prove proved proved / proven s a w s a wed s a wed / s a wn sew sewed sewed / sewn sh a ve sh a ved sh a ved / sh a ven she a r she a red she a red / shorn show showed showed / shown sow sowed sowed / sown strew strewed strewed / strewn swell swelled swelled / swollen ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ P refix : for , fore infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple forbid forb a de forbidden forec a st forec a st , forec a sted forec a st , forec a sted forego ( forgo ) forewent foregone foresee fores a w foreseen foretell foretold foretold forget forgot forgotten forgive forg a ve forgiven fors a ke forsook fors a ken ᅠ ᅠ P refix : in , inter infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple inl a y inl a id inl a id input input / inputted input / inputted interbreed interbred interbred interwe a ve interwove / interwe a ved interwoven / interwe a ved interwind interwound interwound ᅠ ᅠ P refix : mis infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple misc a st misc a st misc a st misde a l misde a lt misde a lt misdo misdid misdone mishe a r mishe a rd mishe a rd misl a y misl a id misl a id misle a d misled misled misle a rn misle a rned / misle a rnt misle a rned / misle a rnt misre a d misre a d misre a d misspe a k misspoke misspoken misspell misspelled / misspelt misspelled / misspelt misspend misspent misspent mist a ke mistook mist a ken misunderst a nd misunderstood misunderstood miswrite miswrote miswritten ᅠ ᅠ P refix : out infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple outbid outbid outbid outbreed outbred outbred outdo outdid outdone outdr a w outdrew outdr a wn outdrink outdr a nk outdrunk outdrive outdrove outdriven outfight outfought outfought out fl y out fl ew out fl own outgrow outgrew outgrown outle a p outle a ped / outle a pt outle a ped / outle a pt outride outrode outridden outrun outr a n outrun outsell outsold outsold outshine outshined / outshone outshined / outshone outshoot outshot outshot outsit outs a t outs a t outsleep outslept outslept outspe a k outspoke outspoken outspend outspent outspent outswe a r outswore outsworn outswim outsw a m outswum outthink outthought outthought outthrow outthrew outthrown outwrite outwrote outwritten ᅠ ᅠ P refix : over infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple overbid overbid overbid overbreed overbred overbred overbuild overbuilt overbuilt overbuy overbought overbought overcome overc a me overcome overdo overdid overdone overdr a w overdrew overdr a wn overdrink overdr a nk overdrunk overe a t over a te overe a ten overfeed overfed overfed overh a ng overhung overhung overhe a r overhe a rd overhe a rd overl a y overl a id overl a id overp a y overp a id overp a id override overrode overridden overrun overr a n overrun oversee overs a w overseen oversell oversold oversold oversew oversewed oversewed / oversewn overshoot overshot overshot oversleep overslept overslept overspend overspent overspent overspill overspilled / overspilt overspilled / overspilt overt a ke overtook overt a ken overthink overthought overthought overthrow overthrew overthrown overwind overwound overwound overwrite overwrote overwritten ᅠ ᅠ P refix : pre infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple prebuild prebuilt prebuilt predo predid predone prep a y prep a id prep a id presell presold presold preset preset preset preshrink preshr a nk preshrunk ᅠ ᅠ P refix : re infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple re a w a ke re a woke re a w a ken rebid rebid rebid rebind rebound rebound rebro a dc a st rebro a dc a st / rebro a dc a sted rebro a dc a st / rebro a dc a sted rebuild rebuilt rebuilt rec a st rec a st rec a st recut recut recut rede a l rede a lt rede a lt redo redid redone redr a w redrew redr a wn refit refitted / refit refitted / refit regrind reground reground regrow regrew regrown reh a ng rehung rehung rehe a r rehe a rd rehe a rd reknit reknitted / reknit reknitted / reknit rel a y rel a id rel a id rele a rn rele a rned / rele a rnt rele a rned / rele a rnt relight relighted / relit relighted / relit rem a ke rem a de rem a de rep a y rep a id rep a id rere a d rere a d rere a d rerun rer a n rerun resell resold resold resend resent resent reset reset reset resew resewed resewed / resewn ret a ke retook ret a ken rete a ch ret a ught ret a ught rete a r retore retorn retell retold retold rethink rethought rethought retre a d retre a d retre a d retrofit retrofitted / retrofit retrofitted / retrofit rew a ke rew a ked / rewoke rew a ked / rew a ked rewe a r rewore reworn rewe a ve rewe a ved / rewove rewe a ved / rewoven rewed rewetted / rewet rewetted / rewet rewin rewon rewon rewind rewound rewound rewrite rewrote rewritten ᅠ ᅠ P refix : under infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple underbid underbid underbid undercut undercut undercut underfeed underfed underfed undergo underwent undergone underlie underl a y underl a in undersell undersold undersold underspend underspent underspent underst a nd understood understood undert a ke undertook undert a ken underwrite underwrote underwritten ᅠ ᅠ P refix : un infinitive Pa st S imple Pa st Pa rticiple unbend unbent unbent unbind unbound unbound undo undid undone unfreeze unfroze unfrozen unh a ng unhung unhung unhide unhid unhidden unknit unknitted / unknit unknitted / unknit unle a rn unle a rned / unle a rnt unle a rned / unle a rnt unsew unsewed unsewed / unsewn unsling unslung unslung unspin unspun unspun unstick unstuck unstuck unstring unstrung unstrung unwind unwound unwound uphold upheld upheld upset upset upset 1 / 1