Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 173 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D .C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG- Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbH. John Dingley The Peripheral Plural Endings of Nouns in Petrine Sermons John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access S l a v i s t i c h e B e i t r ä g e BEGRÜNDET VON ALOIS SCHMAUS HERAUSGEGEBEN VON JOHANNES HOLTHUSEN • HEINRICH KUNSTMANN PETER REHDER • JOSEF SCHRENK REDAKTION PETER REHDER Band 173 VERLAG OTTO SAGNER MÜNCHEN John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access 00061126 JOHN DINGLEY THE PERIPHERAL PLURAL ENDINGS OF NOUNS IN PETRINE SERMONS VERLAG OTTO SAGNER ■ MÜNCHEN 1983 John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access ISBN 3-87690-269-X © Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1983 Abteilung der Firma Kubon & Sagner, München Druck: Grâbner, Altendorf John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access 00061126 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page T able o f C o n te n ts ........................................................................................................ v O rth o g rap h ic C onventions ........................................................................................ v i P re fa c e .............................................................................................................................. v i i C hapter 1 : I n tr o d u c tio n ........................................................................................... 1 C hapter 2 : A Survey o f A -p e n e tra tio n i n th e S la v ic L a n g u a g e s ......... 15 C hapter 3: A Review o f A -p e n e tra tio n L i te r a tu r e ...................................... U5 C hapter U: The P r e s e n ta tio n o f th e D a t a ....................................................... 105 C hapter 5: D ata A n a ly sis ........................................................................................ 137 C hapter 6 : C onclusion .............................................................................................. 201 A p p e n d ix ........................................................................................................................... 206 B ib lio g ra p h y .................................................................................................................. 37^ v John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access 00061126 ORTHOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS C y r i l l i c i s ( f o r th e most p a r t ) g iv en in t r a n s l i t e r a t i o n , which i s t h a t o f th e American s c h o la r ly t r a d i t i o n . The fo llo w in g p o in ts sh o u ld be n o te d in a d d itio n : 1) Old Church S la v o n ic /R u ss ia n Church S la v o n ic / pre-X917 R ussian 1 i s re n d e re d a s i_. 2) R ussian Church S la v o n ic /p re -1 9 1 7 R u ssia n Ѣ i s re n d e red as £• 3) Old Church S la v o n ic t i s re n d e re d a s £ . à ) R ussian Church S la v o n ic /p re -1 9 1 7 R u ssia n f i n a l г i s o m itte d . 5) Old Church S la v o n ic ъ and ь a r e re n d e re d as и and r e s p e c tiv e ly . |F e w p m c fc w t ļ ЗММ$6ьтыіоіЬ6Н L ’ Munahtn vi John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access PREFACE With s l i g h t m o d if ic a tio n s , t h i s book i s in f a c t my UCLA d o c to r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n , e n t i t l e d ״ The E x ten sio n o f th e O blique D id in g s -am, - ami » - ax in th e Sermons o f P e t r i n i c P re a c h e rs 11. The d i s s e r t a t i o n was w r itte n in th e y e a rs 1980-63 a t UCLA under th e guidance o f P r o fe s s o r Dean S. W orth, t o whom I sh o u ld l i k e t o e x p re ss my s i n c e r e th a n k s . M y g r a titu d e i s a ls o due t o P r o fe s s o r H enrik Birnbaum o f UCLA, whc has s u f f e r e d my id io s y n c r a s ie s w ith f o r t i t u d e , and t o P r o fe s s o r M ichael Sam ilov o f t h e School o f S la v o n ic S tu d ie s in London, who encouraged me in roy e a r l y y e a r s . T h is work co u ld n e v e r have been com pleted w ith o u t th e h e lp o f th e l i b r a r i a n s in th e R esearch L ib ra ry a t UCLA. T h e ir p ro f e s s io n a lis m and u n fla g g in g g e n e r o s ity d e se rv e th e h ig h e s t p r a i s e . In p a r t i c u l a r , I should l i k e to th a n k D r. Leon F e rd e r, th e S la v ic B ib lio g ra p h e r. F i n a l l y , I d e d ic a te t h i s book t o my w ife , V anessa. Her en co u rag e- ment and s u p p o rt a re in la r g e m easure r e s p o n s ib le f o r b r in g in g t h i s p r o je c t t o a s a t i s f a c t o r y c o n c lu s io n . John D in g ley UCLA, J u ly 1983 John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION L in g u is ts f r e q u e n tly s tu d y l i n g u i s t i c ch an g e, b u t an e q u a lly i n t e r e s t i n g phenomenon i s l i n g u i s t i c s t a b i l i t y o r r e s i s t a n c e to change. R .K .S. Macaulay* T h is d i s s e r t a t i o n d e a ls w ith th e phenomenon o f th e a p p a re n t e x p an sio n o f th e D a tiv e , I n s tr u m e n ta l, a n d L o c a tiv e p l u r a l (h e n c e fo rth D, I , L r e s p e c tiv e ly ) e n d in g s , v i z . -am , - am i, - a x 2 in th e h i s t o r y o f R u ssia n m orphology. To s e t th e scen e I s h a l l g iv e th e DIL norms f o r Old R u ssia n (h e n c e fo r th : OR) and Contem porary S ta n d a rd R ussian ( h e n c e fo r th : CSR). T ab le 1 r e p r e s e n ts th e norms o f th e DIL forms o f OR noun d e c le n - s io n s . These a r e th e norms e s ta b lis h e d by Markov C 1 9 7 k :2 5 3 6 3 ־ , who c la im s t h a t t e x t s o f th e 1 1 t h and 12 t h c e n tu r ie s s u p p o rt such p a ra - digms C ib id .:2 U -2 5 3 . They a r e a ls o th e norms u s u a lly q u o ted in th e s ta n d a rd r e fe re n c e works d e a lin g w ith th e h is t o r y o f th e R ussian la n g u a g e , e .g . B u la x o v sk ij С1958:Ы17-Ь5Ю, íe rn y x C1962:161-1633, B orkovskiJ/K uznecov C1965:191-19*0. T able 2 r e p r e s e n ts th e norms o f CSR. These norms a re u n iv e r s a lly a c c e p te d . Two p o in ts come im m ediately t o mind when com paring th e s e two t a b l e s . F i r s t l y , we n o te t h a t CSR has f a r few er d e c le n s io n a l ty p e s th a n OR, an d , s e c o n d ly , t h a t w h ile th e r e i s c o n s id e ra b le v a r i e ty w ith John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access Table 1 F - ü - цьркъваиъ ц ъ р к ъ в а и п чьриъварг M /F /Ņ - С - клиеньиъ каивньип каивнь^г DIL Norms o f OR F F - a - -,]a - D жвнаиг ^еилкш ъ Ī женаип ■*оилкіип L жена^г •^еилкідг М -и - сгінгиъ с ы нгші с г ін г ^ г M/F ־ 1 ־ костьиг костьип костьрг N - J 0 - полеиъ п оли полпръ N селоиъ седгі селѣтсг иоѵжеиъ иоужп иоу*т?съ столоиг С Т О Л Ъ І стол %цъ John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access T able 2 F ־ 1 ־ костям костями костяк DIL Norms o f CSR F -J ft- эемлям землями землях F - а - женам женами женах D X L N - J o - полям полями полях N - о - селам селами селах М - J 0 - мужам мужами мужах John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access столам столами столах John Dingley - 9783954 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:5 via free 00061126 r e s p e c t t o th e DIL in OR, in CSP th e r e i s t o t a l u n if o r m ity . 3 I t i s th e second o f th e s e p o in ts t h a t t h i s s tu d y i s c o n cern ed v i t h , b u t I s t a r t by b r i e f l y e x p la in in g how th e d e c le n s io n a l ty p e s o f OR found t h e i r way i n t o CSR. The fo llo w in g changes to o k p la c e : 1 . Mas. - i - stem s went o v e r t o mas. - j o - ste m s. 2 - u - stem s w ent o v e r t o mas. - o - stem s. 3. Mas. £ stem s went o v e r t o mas. - J o - stem s ( v ia mas. - ij- s te m s ). b . Fem. £ stem s went o v e r to fem. -i^- ste m s. 5. N eut. Ç ( - s - ty p e ) w ent o v e r to n e u t. - o - stem s. 6 N eut. С stem s (н и ш ty p e ) d ev elo p ed a u n iq u e d e c le n s io n . f š - й - stem s went o v e r to - a - s te m s, e . g . воукны ־►б у кв а, o r to fem. - i ^ s te m s, e . g . л го в гі ♦־ ־ любовь. Only церковь (« ־ц ъ р н гі) r e t a i n s -am, - am i, -a x in th e DIL, e lse w h e re h av in g an -ij- stem d e c le n s io n . I r e t u r n now to th e q u e s tio n o f t h e DIL. In OR th e e n d in g s -am, - a m i, - ax were found o n ly in th e - a - and - J a - s te m s, p lu s th e - ū - ste m s. I t i s g e n e r a lly a g re e d t h a t th e - a - stem DIL e n d in g s e n cro ac h - ed i n to th e -Ū - stem s. (See th e 3 e c ti o n on OCS i n C h ap ter 2 fo r d is c u s s io n o f t h i s p o i n t . ) In o r d e r t o a c c o u n t f o r t h e DIL endings o f CSR, i t i s assumed t h a t th e - a - stem DIL e n d in g s p e n e tr a te d in to a l l th e o th e r d e c le n s io n a l ty p e s . (H e n c e fo rth t h i s phenomenon w i l l be l a b e l l e d : A - p e n e t r a t io n .) To my know ledge, no s c h o la r o f th e h i s t o r y o f R u ssian morphology has d o u b ted th e v a l i d i t y o f t h i s assum p- k John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access t i o n (w ith th e p o s s ib le e x c e p tio n o f A ndersen C1969a3 — se e C h ap ter 3 f o r d e t a i l s ) . Be th e r e u n a n im ity in t h e s c h o la r ly w o rld on t h i s p o in t, t h e r e i s a n y th in g b u t u n an im ity w ith r e s p e c t to i t s c o r o l l a r y , i . e . why sh o u ld th e - a - stem DIL e n d in g s have been g e n e r a liz e d , and n o t th o s e o f some o th e r d e c le n s io n a l ty p e ? The dom inant r o l e now enjoy ed by t h e - a - stem DIL e n d in g s has a t t r a c t e d th e a t t e n t i o n o f many S l ā v i s t s . In d e e d , to d a y we have an e x te n s iv e l i t e r a t u r e on th e phenomenon o f А-p e n e t r a t i o n . (See C hapter 3 f o r a d e t a i l e d d is c u s s io n o f t h i s l i t e r a t u r e . ) Yet th e problem s c o n c e rn in g th e m o tiv a tio n f o r and th e im p le m e n ta tio n o f A -p e n e tra tio n s t i l l c an n o t be s a id t o have been e x p la in e d t o u n iv e r s a l s a t i s f a c t i o n . The u s u a l p a th a lo n g which s c h o la r s have tro d d e n in r e s e a r c h in g A -p e n e tra tio n has been th e in d u c tiv e one o f t e x t u a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n . The c o n tin u a l d e s i r e has been to е х ая іп е m a t e r i a l w hich most a c c u - r a t e l y r e f l e c t s th e spoken la n g u a g e . The r a t i o n a l e b e h in d such a d e s ir e i s re a s o n a b le , s in c e th e spoken lan g u ag e i s where change ta k e s p la c e f i r s t . Yet t h i s o b s e s s io n w ith v e rn a c u la r m a te r ia l seems t o me to o r e s t r i c t i v e . Of param ount im p o rtan ce t o my m ind, and in th e o p in io n o f a number o f o th e r s c h o l a r s , e . g . M olcanova С 19610 , Birnbaum C19763, Worth C fo rth co m in g J, i s th e need to i n v e s t i g a t e t e x tu a l m a te r ia l o f e v ery g e n re , in c lu d in g th e s o r e ly n e g le c te d a re a o f R ussian Church S la v o n ic (h e n c e fo r th : RCS). The p o s itio n o f RCS in th e fo rm a tio n o f th e R u ssia n l i t e r a r y language (le a d in g e v e n tu a lly t o CSR) was b o th e x te n s iv e and c r u c i a l . 00061126 5 John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access However, i t i s n o t my ta s k h e re to d is c u s s i n d e t a i l th e e x ac t r o le p la y e d by RCS in t h i s fo rm a tio n , b u t i t behoves me t o p o in t o u t th e v e r i t a b l e d e a r th o f l i n g u i s t i c r e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t on RCS m a te r i a l, and on A -p e n e tra tio n in RCS in p a r t i c u l a r . In th e 1 7 th c e n tu ry RCS, in many w ays, c o n s t i t u t e d a s e p a r a te lan g u ag e from v e rn a c u la r R u ssia n . In d e e d , some have lik e n e d t h i s d u a l i t y o f lan g u ag e t o t h e d i g lo s s i e s i t u a t i o n w hich r e ig n s in c e r t a i n p a r t s o f th e w o rld to d a y . 4 Yet w ith th e a d v e n t o f th e P e t r i n i c e r a in R u ssia t h i s d i g l o s s i a would r a p id ly b eg in t o b re a k down. P e te r th e G r e a t 's , Drang nach W esten' would o c c a s io n change in a l l p a r t s and a s p e c ts o f R ussian s o c i e t y , and th e s i t u a t i o n w ith re g a rd t o lan g u ag e was no e x c e p tio n . Is s a ts c h e n k o C197**:2513 has l a b e l l e d th e s e y e a r s a tim e o f S p rach - l o s i f t k e i t in R u ss ia . RCS no lo n g e r seemed a d eq u a te f o r th e needs and demands o f P e t e r 's modern s t a t e , b u t th e new s ta n d a rd lan g u ag e was y e t t o em erge. Here a r e I s s a ts c h e n k o 's s e n tim e n ts C ib id .:2 5 1 3 : Man kann d ie e r s t e H ä lf te d es XVIII J h . in R u sslan d a l s l i t e r a r i s c h e s und s p r a c h lic h e s N iem andsland b e z e ic h n e n . Die Z äsur in d e r s p ra c h lic h e n E n tv ic k - lu n g i s t k l a r , d as Vakuum, w elches d ie B e s e itig u n g d e r D ig lo s s ie h i n t e r l a s s e n h a t t e , wurde z u n ä c h st n ic h t a u s g e f ü l l t . A c e n tu ry a f t e r th e d e a th o f P e te r th e G re a t, P u sk in would have s e t t?ie s e a l on th e new s ta n d a rd la n g u a g e , fa s h io n e d a f t e r models o th e r th a n RCS. Is s a ts c h e n k o C ib id .:2 5 1 3 p u ts i t th u s : Die h o c h tra b en d e R h eto rik e in e s Feofan Prokopovic sow ie s e in e le x ik o g ra p h is c h e n V ersuche, so g u t 00061126 6 John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access s i e gem eint w aren, b le ib e n f ü r d ie S p rac h e n tw ick - lu n g v ö l l i g b e d e u tu n g slo se E p iso d en : d ie G en era- tio n e n nach 1750 knüpfen n i c h t an P rokopovič an . P rokopovic e x z e r p ie r te n ic h t z e itg e n ö s s is c h e T e x te , e r e rfa n d W örter. S eine le x ik o g ra p h is c h e n A rb e ite n werden a l s Q u e lle z u r r u s s is c h e n S p ra c h g e sc h ic h te v ie lf a c h ü b e r s c h ä tz t. So th e im p o rtan ce o f RCS in R u ssia was c l e a r l y on th e wane a t th e end o f th e 1 7 th c e n tu r y , and th u s th e RCS w r iti n g s o f t h i s e r a m ark, i f n o t th e z e n ith o f RCS w r i t i n g , th e n th e c lo s in g c h a p te r o f RCS l i n - g u l s t i с dominance in R u ss ia . Being in e sse n c e an a r t i f i c i a l , c o n s e r v a tiv e mode o f e x p r e s s io n , RCS d id n o t welcome change and a d a p ta tio n . Yet i t w ould be n a iv e to im agine t h a t RCS underw ent no m o d if ic a tio n in th e c o u rs e o f i t s h i s t o r y . J u s t a s th e v e rn a c u la r was a f f e c t e d by RCS, so in i t s tu r n was RCS in flu e n c e d by th e v e r n a c u la r . K J e llb e rg C1957:121 w r i te s : Sans d o u te , l a la n g u e des t e x t e s l i t u r g i q u e s ne p o u v a it ê t r e m o d ifié e (s in o n s u r d es d é t a i l s s e c o n d a ire s d 'o rth o g ra p h e e t de g ram m aire): e l l e é t a i t en p r in c ip e s a c ré e e t im muable, é le v é e a u -d e s s u s d es c o n tin g e n c e s te m p o r e lle s . M ais, dans l e s sermons e t l e s c a té c h è s e s , dans l e s é c r i t s a p o lo g é tiq u e s e t p o lé m iq u e s, où i l s 'a g i t de se f a i r e im m édiatem ent com prendre du p u b lic , l a lan g u e se m o d ifie . N e v e rth e le s s , th e in h e re n t c o n se rv a tis m o f RCS meant t h a t i t co u ld ward o f f a l l b u t th e most firm ly embedded forms o f t h e v e rn a c u la r. C on seq u en tly th e p re sen c e (o r la c k ) o f v e r n a c u la r form s in RCS t e x t s John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access 00061126 can be o f g r e a t s ig n if ic a n c e in p in p o in tin g c h r o n o lo g ic a l change in th e h i s t o r y o f th e v e rn a c u la r i t s e l f . Molčanova [ 196 * 4:813 (s e e C h ap ter 3 f o r a d e ta i le d d is c u s s io n ) p u ts forw ard a s i m i l a r o p in io n : . . « единичные новообразования в церковнокнижном контексте, по-видимому, свидетельствую т о том, что в живой народной речи процесс уже получил более или менее значительное р азви ти е. I t may be i n s t r u c t i v e a t t h i s J u n c tu r e to exam ine a t y p i c a l p ie c e o f h o m ile tic RCS w r itin g o f th e P e t r i n i c e r a . Below i s an e x t r a c t fro n P ro k o p o v ic 's sermon e n t i t l e d На погребение всепресветлейш аго державнейшаго Петра великаго . . . o f 1Т25* fo llo w e d by an E n g lish t r a n s l a t i o n : Но о многоименитаго мужа! Кратким ли словом объимем безчисленныя его славы, а простирать речи не допускает настоящая печаль и ж алость, слезить токмо и стенать понуждающая. Негли со временем нечто притупится терн с е й , сердца наша бодущий, и тогда пространнее о делах и добро* детелех его побеседуем. Хотя и никогда довольно и по достоинству его возглаголати не можем; а и ныне, кратко воспоминающе и аки бы токмо в о е ־ крилий риз его касающеся, видим, слышателие, видим, беднии мы и нещастливии, кто нас оставил и кого мы лишилися.* Мозг d is tin g u is h e d man! Can a s h o r t o r a ti o n e n - compass h is im m easurable g lo ry ? Yet o u r p r e s e n t sad p i t i f u l s t a t e — moving us t o t e a r s and s ig h s — does n o t •perm it us to e x te n d th e d is c o u r s e . P ro b ab ly , in c o u rse o f tim e , th e th o r n s t h a t b u tt 8 John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access o u r h e a r t w i l l d u l l , and th e n we s h a l l speak o f h is deeds and v i r t u e s in f u l l e r d e t a i l , even though we s h a l l n ev er be a b le to p r a is e him a d e q u a te ly enough» But a t t h i s tim e , even rem em bering him b u t b r i e f l y , as i f o n ly to u c h - in g th e edges o f h is m a n tle , we s e e , my poor and u n fo r tu n a te h e a r e r s , we see who has l e f t us and whom we have l o s t . 6 The lan g u ag e o f t h i s e x t r a c t i s , a t one and th e same tim e , c l e a r l y RCS, y e t j u s t a s c l e a r l y f a r removed from c a n o n ic a l OCS. Here we f in d no a o r i s t s o r im p e r f e c ts , y e t S lavonism s 7 abound. For in s ta n c e , we have th e r e t e n t i o n o f th e mas. p i . a d j e c t i v a l en d in g -ии in беднии, нещастлиеии; th e n we f in d t h e S la v o n ic form объимем f o r th e c o rre sp o n d in g v e rn a c u la r обнимем. W e a ls o e n c o u n te r S la v o n ic l e x i c a l ite m s , e .g . токмо f o r th e v e rn a c u la r только, and th e a rc h a ic негли. The S la v o n ic p a r t i c i p l e s in r־ a re in e v id e n c e , and a l l TORT* groups a r e re p re s e n te d by t h e i r m e ta th e tic r e f l e x , i . e . кратким, временем, пространнее, во згл аго лати . A lso we have two in s ta n c e s o f a s p e c i f i c RCS stam p, v iz . 1. th e v o c a tiv e e x p re sse d by a g e n itiv e — о много- именитаго мужа , 9 and 2 th e v o c a tiv e -n o m in a tiv e p l. o f слышатель — слышателие . 10 O v e ra ll th e sy n ta x i s t h a t o f normal RCS, b u t th e passag e would s t i l l have been r e a d i l y co m p reh en sib le to th e m asses. W e m ight th e n c a l l t h i s a * n e u tr a l 1 form o f RCS. However, c o n c e s sio n s to th e v e rn a c u la r do n o t s ta n d o u t , e x ce p t perhaps f o r th e one example o f A - p e n e tr a tio n , i . e . о делах fo r S lav o n ic о делех. John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access The scope o f th e p re s e n t work The aim o f t h i s stu d y i s a m odest o n e. Put b r i e f l y , i t i s to examine th e phenomenon o f A -p e n e tra tio n in a RCS c o rp u s ta k e n from th e sermons o f fo u r em inent p re a c h e rs in th e P e t r i n i c e r a , v i 2 J a v o r s k iJ , P ro k o p o v ič, B u z in s k iJ , and T u p ta ło . I t i s n o t n e c e s s a ry o r a p p o s ite to g iv e h e re b io g r a p h ic a l d e t a i l s a b o u t th e s e fo u r g e n tle m e n , s in c e in t h i s work we a r e s o le l y con cern ed w ith th e lan g u ag e th e y w ro te . F u ll in fo rm a tio n on th e works e x c e rp te d v i l i be found in t h e B ib lio g ra p h y under , Prim ary S o u r c e s '. Yet a l i t t l e must be s a id a b o u t th e p r e a c h e r s ' b ackground, insomuch a s t h i s does have a b e a r in g on t h e i r la n g u a g e . The fo u r p re a c h e rs w ere a l l U k ra in ia n s (a s in d e e d were most o f th e to p c le r g y in P e t r i n i c R u s s ia ) . They w ere e d u c a te d a t th e Mogi la Academy in K iev, and t r a v e l l e d in Poland and W estern E u ro p e. One m ight th e r e f o r e e x p ec t t o d e t e c t a U k ra in ia n in f l u e n c e in t h e i r w r itin g o f RCS, a n d , to a lim ite d e x t e n t , t h i s i s th e c a s e . However, any 'U k r a in ia n ism s' were u s u a lly expunged b e fo re th e serm ons were s e n t to th e p r i n t e r s . 11 In any c a s e , a s f a r a s A -p e n e tra tio n i s con- c e rn e d , U k ra in ia n and R ussian a p p ea r to have gone a lo n g th e same road o f develo p m en t , 12 so th e U k ra in ia n background o f th e f o u r p re a c h e rs is i r r e l e v a n t t o th e p re s e n t s tu d y . The la c k o f l i n g u i s t i c r e s e a rc h on RCS m a te r ia l h a s been a llu d e d to above, an d , to my know ledge, th e p re s e n t stu d y r e p r e s e n ts th e f i r s t tim e t h a t A -p e n e tra tio n has been examined in RCS t e x t s . I t i s my in te n t i o n t o ta k e th e f in d in g s from my co rp u s and c o n t r a s t them w ith 00061126 10 John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access th o s e o f s c h o la r s who have re s e a rc h e d A -p e n e tra tio n in th e v e r - n a c u la r . To e f f e c t such a c o n t r a s t I s h a l l conduct an e x te n s iv e r e - view o f A -p e n e tra tio n l i t e r a t u r e w ith re g a rd to R u ssia n (s e e C h ap ter 3 ) , which w i l l c o n clu d e w ith a summary o f th e main t h e o r i e s a b o u t, o b s e r v a tio n s o n , and m o tiv a tio n s f o r A - p e n e tr a tio n . These t h e o r i e s w i l l th e n form p a r t o f th e a n a ly s is c h a p te r (C h a p ter 5)» where th e y w ill be p i t t e d a g a in s t my d a ta f in d in g s . F or p urposes o f com parison I s h a l l а іэ о lo o k a t A -p e n e tra tio n in th e o th e r S la v ic la n g u a g e s , in c lu d in g OCS (se e C h ap ter 2 ) . T his i s a n o th e r n e g le c te d a re a in th e stu d y o f A -p e n e tr a tio n ; th e more s u r - p r i s i n g when one r e a l i z e s t h a t th e advance o f -am , - ami » - ax was a t t e s t e d in c a n o n ic a l OCS, and has a f f e c t e d a l l th e S la v ic lan g u ag es to some d e g re e . The p o s itio n w ith re g a rd t o P o lis h w i l l be acco rd ed more a t t e n t i o n th a n th e o th e r s . T h is i s b ecau se o f; 1. th e im por- t a n t r o l e p lay ed by P o lis h in th e h i s t o r y o f R u ss ia n , and 2. th e f a c t t h a t a l l fo u r p re a c h e rs were w e ll a c q u a in te d w ith t h i s la n g u ag e . C hapter U w i l l com prise a p r e s e n ta tio n o f my d a ta in ta b u la r form , p reced ed by an e x p la n a tio n o f th e o r g a n iz a tio n o f th e m a te r ia l . (A com plete p r e s e n ta tio n o f th e d a ta w i l l be given in th e A p p e n d ix .) C hapter 5 w i l l c o v e r th e a n a ly s e s o f th e d a ta . D e ta il s o f J u s t what a n a ly s e s w ill be made w i l l be given a t th e b e g in n in g o f t h i s c h ap - t e r . In c lu d e d h e re w i l l be a com parison o f tn e d a ta — am enable t h e o r ie s from C h ap ter 3 w ith my own d a ta f in d in g s . A fte r t h i s , I s h a l l draw up th e c o u rse by w hich A -p e n e tra tio n was im plem ented a s s u g g e ste d by 00061126 11 John Dingley - 9783954791279 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:59:38AM via free access