Stær ymb OSBORNI Ŋ G UM being A History of the Saxon Emperors and their illustrious pedigree from Japheth Dæl Gr œ ne Stretton Boc Fyrest Tha Begytothas oth Tamathrice Adam our first father begeat Cain and Abel and Seth. Cain slox Abel and begeat Enox thes begeat Irad. Irad begeat Mehujael. Mehujael begeat Methusael. Methusael begeat Lamex. Lamex begeat Jabal and Jubal and Tubalcain; and they begeat such of Cain’s suna that survived after the great deluge. Abel had no suna when he je waes slae g en. Seth begeat Enos. Enos begeat Cainan. Cainan begeat Mahalaleel. Mahalaleel begeat Jared. Jared begeat Enox thisne is us cnawan Learth. Enox Jaredsun begeat Methuselah Dartman. Thes Dartman begeat Lamex. Lamex Dartmansun begeat Noah Retth and Nir Cen. Noah begeat Seth, Xam, and Japheth. Nir begeat Malxisadecc se bith Rihtwesnes Cyninga. Japheth begeat Gomer and Magog and Madai and Jauan and Tubal and Mescex and Tiras. Jauan begeat Eliscah and Tarscisc and Cittim and Dodanim; and waeron thas Japhethinga tha waeron je fram weorolde othrum cynnum sundred at Babele. Tha begyt othas fram Adam to Cittime Jauansuna beoth twelf. Cittim begeat Argos and aefterward eode he West and begeat tha Laeden. Argos begeat Jasus. Jasus begeat Arestor. Arestor begeat Argus Ent and Pelasgus. Pelasgus begeat Lycaon, thes theah bylde up Heofonagodesweorthscype theah je eallswa same wemmed, and Temenus, thes bylde up Heafonacweneweorthscype. Lycaon begeat fiftij suna, amang thas eall but twegen waeron gyltij of heora faederwemmjothe. tha twegen beonde Hlothar and Leiboth. Leiboth, se in Graecum bith ceolled Lebadus, deagole begeat Persues Eurymon, hwelc begytoth waes edmym - mered tham leotherum an Gode faemnanberoth. Perseus begeat Alcaeus. Alcaeus begeat Amphitryon. Amphitryon begeat Alcides cealled Heracles. Alcides begeat Hyllus. Hyllus begeat Cleodaeus. Cleodaeus begeat Aristom - achus. Aristomachus begeat Temenus. Temenus begeat tyn begytingothas to Caranus. Caranus begeat Coenus. Coenus begeat Tyrimmas. Tyrimmas begeat Perdiccas. Perdiccas begeat Ar - gaeus. Argaeus begeat Philip. Philip begeat Aeropus. Aeropus begeat Alcetas. Alcetas begeat Amyntas. Amyntas begeat Alezander. Alezander begeat Amyntas. Amyntus Alezandersun begeat Arrhidaeus. Arrhidaeus begeat Amyntas. Amyntas Arrhidaeusun begeat Philip. Philip Arrhidaeusun begeat Alezander. Tha begytingothas fram Perseus to Alezander Arrhi - daeusuna beoth twa-and-twentij. Thes Great Alezander, thisses mixtja daeda habbath je eall we yeouguthe raeden, begeat Heracles and Alezander Feorthan; and, jeraeden beonde thaet scylde dygan he before thaet his suna, Heracles, thytiman his anligbegeten, waere mannhade growen, ceas Great thaet Heracle - ses faederhad scylde beon cept deagole and se boia raered at Pergamone. Heraclesmodor waes Barsina Phyrgia, theos wis beonde lic unto hire sunafaeder, je wissanmacode thaet scylde utlib - ban his eorcnan blod fram orleje. So toc Heracles wife an amang tham Pergamingum, and se sunu, sind tealed, je waes hyded fram weoroldewitinge and jesended aweg begeond Hera - clestapelum. 1 Heraclesunu, thanon timan haefd macode wej into Irelande, an jeoguth, je waes thejen bi Gaelum thes Argetmar and ricsode instede of thone losode cyning to thisne is hit secgde thaet he waes jelic sceaweres bilith. Pseudoargetmar Heraclesunu begeat Finntan. Finntan begeat Cimbaeth. Cimbaeth begeat Ugaine and je waes slaegn. This Ugaine je waes raerod in huse Eoxus Duisuna, anes yjeathelinges, swa thaet latra timan him edmymerijen 1 The Pillars of Hercules; Gibraltar thone Eoxusunu fostriod bi Cimbaethe; but insothe bith ure staer thes bith trywe. Ugaine ricsode cyning and begeat Cobthax. Cobthax begeat Meilge. Meilge begeat Irereo. Irereo begeat Connla. Connla begeat Ajlill Crooktooth. Ajlill begeat Eoxaid. Eoxaid begeat Oengus. Oengus begeat Enna. Enna begeat Labraid. Labraid begeat Blathnaxta. Blathnaxta begeat Essamain. Es - samain begeat Rogen. Rogen begeat Finnlogh. Finnlogh begeat Finn. Finn beat Eoxu. Eoxu begeat Lugaid. Lugaid begat Lugaid Redsky. This Lugaid begeat Crimthann. Crimthann begeat Feradax . Feradax begeat Fjaxu. Fjaxu begeat Tuathall. Tuathall begeat Fedlimid. Fedlimid begeat Conn. Conn begeat Arth. Arth begeat Cormac. Cormac begeat Cairbre. Cairbre begeat Fjaxu. Fjaxu Cairbresun begeat Muredax. Muredax begeat Eoxaid. Eoxaid begeat Niall; swa begy - tothas from Alezandre to Nialle beoth fawr-and-thirtij. Niall begeat Conall. Conall begeat Fergus. Fergus begeat Diarmat. Diarmat begeat Adslaine. Adslaine begeat Congall. Congall begeat Conang. Conang begeat Congalax. Congalax begeat another Congalax. this Congalax begeat Amalgaid. Amalgaid begeat Conang. Conang Amalgaidsun begeat Congalax. Congalax Thridda begeat Flann. Flann begeat Siothrun. Sio - thrun begeat Namid. Namid begeat Crimthann. Crimthann Namidsun begeat Baetan Fyrest Baetan begeat Baetan the Festive. Thisne Baetan begeat Osborne. the begytinga from Niall to Osborne are nineteen. Osborne succeeded his father as King of Ireland. From his mother he obtained the crown of Nywe Seaxna. So he reigned as Dryhten six years and begeat Aelfwald and Wulfmaer. Aelfwald reigned thirteen years. Wulfmaer, a bishop, had ane suna Hereberht the Apostle who reigned sixteen years, after Glorious Strafomir, grandsun of Evan the Briton, who had been born and had reigned in the Eastern frontier province of Cyf which is spelled by the Greeks ‘Kiev’, before his accession to the Dryhtenscyp. Hwo Strafomir first built Hoff Cynga, gave up the ghost and left the Dyrhtenscyp Seaxna, otherwise called the Seaxnarice, to Hereberht Wulfmaersun who ruled a vast Rice and sent many priests into Scania and into the remote Northeast and converted several nations to the True Faith. Hereberht begeat Beortwine, who died young, and the Blessed Saint Aethelwold Myrrhstream who reigned after his father forty-three years. This Saint begeat Hereberht Pegleg, who reigned thirty-nine years, along with Aethelbert Scania and Byhrtnoth the Whisperer of Blessed Memory. This Hereberht begeat Gyrth Beornheim, who died young, and in his elderscyp he later begeatTamathric who reigned after his father and became also King of Jerusalem. Aethelberht Scania begeat Aethel - wold,, Aelfric, Uhtraed, and Balthere. Aethelwold Scania begeat Cyning Otto Defylsun Ger - manja and Francja, Burgheard the Ill-Ruler of Scania, and Morcar Galilee. Uhtraed begeat a sun Eanhere. When Otto Defylsun dyged, his sun did not succeed him buthrathor the cyning Hlotharingja took his crowns and gafe thegngeld and cempas unto Tamathric. Tamathric also took thegngeld and cempas of king Bobbio of Italy, and he conquered Egypt and set up the great republics of Westasceroth and Cajro, and begat he Gaderathric and Bewereathric, and died af - ter forty years of reign. Gaderathric ruled thereafter; and the Roman Father Marinus, a Saxon, would not put the crown on Gaderathric’s head til the king should renounce his right to name bishops; so the king sent away the Father’s legates and suddenly invaded and laid waste to the chief part of Bulgaria so that there were no longer any other Christian princes in the world who withheld geld of Gaderathric save for the Greek heretics., because of which attack the Roman Father did excommunicate the king. And Gaderathric gave two parts of the con - quered land to the Roman government as a token of peace wherefore the excommunication was lifted, but still was stern that Marinus not to crown the king who elected his own bishops, so Gaderathric relented on the matter so that he could begin to gather his forces to repel the ad - ventitious Connla from Ireland. Osborne’s mother was Aethelswith Eadfrithsdotter, granddaughter of Blessed Saint Aethelwold the Righteous. His descent is thus: Cerdic the West-Seaxan begeat Elesa. Elesa begeat Cerdic. Cerdic Eleseasun begeat Creoda. Creoda begeat Cynric. Cynric begeat Cuthred. Cuthred begeat Cynewulf. Cynewulf begeat Cyneheard. Cyneheard begeat Aethelheard. Aethelheard begeat Sigebrht. Sigeberht begeat Beorhtric. Beorhtric begeat Beorhtwulf. Be - orhtwulf begeat Cynewulf. Cynewulf Beorhtwulfsun begeat Beorhtric. Beorhtric Beorhtwulf - sun begeat Aethelwolf, who reigned after him eight years, and Lame Eadfrith who reigned after his brother nineteen years. Eadfrith begeat the Blessed Saint Aethewold the Righteous who reigned seventy-seven years and begeat Silent Eadfrith, Aethelwold of England, and Aelle who died young. Eadfrith ruled the East Seaxna for six years, afterward his sun the Hideous Fratowold succeeded him for fifteen more, and also ruled all England for two years. Aethel - wold Aethelwoldsun, the sun of the Saint that is, ruled England for three years before he was deposed, and the crown passed to his sun Creoda for nine years; and when Creoda died his father ruled again for four more years, this before Fratowold his nephew was made king of the Englisc. Fratoweald died without heir, as Creoda had also. So when Saint Aethelwold died, the Seaxna crown passed to his daughter Aethelswith and thence to Osborne Baetansun. England then was ruled by others, and thirty-three years after the death of the Saint it was conquered by Chaste Aelfwig, who also obtained the crown of Nywe Seaxna by descent through Lady Sif - flaed; but on his death these crowns went to Osborne. Ymb Cittime and Fyrnum Graecum The deeds of our great fathers from Adam to Japheth being so well-known from the Holy Scriptures, we begin our telling of the history of our kings from the voyages of Cittim Japhethsun. Gleaning what we may from the scant Scriptures pertaining to Noah’s youngest sun, it is held true that Japheth took the land nearest to Ararat and all dealing north of the Eu - phrates, that his sun Jauan took sickerly to the great sea, and that the Great Alezander was said to have come to Haljum from Cittimeslande. The Book of Jascer further tells how Cittim went West to what the Latins call Magna Graeca, that being the Southern deal of Italja, and begeat thas folc. Hwether we thinc that this Alezander may have been cnawn himself to be other than a sun of Cittim need not worry us since, we can be sure, what the Maccabean writer calls Cittimeslande is Macedon herself, and this Alezander was of the foremost line of kings of Macedon; hence cnawath we Macedon to be a race from Cittim, and need not think that the Maccabean was thincing of the isle Cyprus or else of Italja hwen wrote he: Cwom genjende aefter haefde Darius cyning Parsinga-Medinga jestricen se Alezander Macedoning Philipsun se utlande Cittimes cwom and thisne Darius strac thaet ricsode he in his stede fyrntiman ofer Greclande. And so we have it that Cittim Iauansun, mighty seafarer he, went first to the aforesaid isle, to its southeastern corner where standth today the burgh called by his name; and after - ward went he further West to the south of Italja. It may be, and it could be called a likely thing, anwite we, that aefter Cyprus and before Italja came Cittim to the Peloponnese whence he begeat Argos the king. Forsooth, the histories of this time are veiled in those misty fables of hea - then gods which make up the whole body of lore pertaining to that time aefter Babel and before Homer. Hwether the whole line of Argife cynings be of the line of Cittim or not is mere incident to our history; for indeed a rival history has Argos and his cynfolc to be of the tribe of Elisca, whose name surely gifth us the town of Eleusis near Athens. Our best wit has brother Elisca and Cittim to have a sense ofrifalry between them. But for surety we can write that Argos was begeat either from Cittim or from Elisca or from the cousinsunum of these two, and that Tarscisc lived far to the East near to the Semites while Dodanim did Illjonburg begytan that land. Let us say, having no evidence against, that while steoring from Cyprus to Italja, Cittim Iauensun came in to harbor in the eastern seahorn of the Peloponnese and there begeat Argos who begeat Jasus who begeat Arestor, king of Arcady in the hills, who begeat Pelasgus who begeat Lycaon. Lycaon tempted the Heofona God in cunning to worthscype and to feed Him with the flesc of Lycaon’s own sun Nyctimus, this man thinking he had enough of suna to make a sacrifice of one. Forty-seven of those suna conspired with their father to the murther, and two would have no part in it, they being called Eleuther (that is, Hlothar) and Lebadus (that is Leiboth), but went out from their land to the land of Boeotja . Now Lycaon was punished for his foul sidu and was a wulf wendmacod; and waes Nyctimus rised from death to take his father’s cyngscyp. In days coming after these, the Greca and Parsija alicre sought to make good their right to rule in their districts in saying that the blood of gods ran in their veins, so that their Dseus was said to be father-in-flesc to untold scores of haelath. But we, bettercnawende, understand that the God of Heafon whom called they by the name of Dseus, whence the Latins to this day worship Deus, doth not begytan children according to the flesc but once in the Fulness of Time; wherefore it is cnawn that Danae Acrisiusdotter, then Lady of Argos, supposedly of her fa - ther’s Aegyptian blood,, was not made to bear child from a golden and numinous shower of am - brose. Hrather is this luminous vision a figure of poetry telling us about the piety and virtue of the dissenting suna of Lycaon. Though there is a ton in Boeotja berende the name Lebadus, the closeness of another ton, today called Lebidi, in Arcady, to the Argive stronghold, gives us cause to say that, aefter his brother Nyctimus was sat on the throne, Lebadus or his suna must have come back to their homeland, and that if not this same Lebadus then one of his cyn, did cross into Acrisius’ cyngdom, steal into the tower of Danae, and flescwed her. Indeed, the fable of the be - gyting of Perseus may well have been devised by Danae herself to hide the identity of her lover. So was born Farruling Perseus, lawful cyning of Argos, damned, along with his mother, by his father, to be cast into the sea within a box, raised by Dictys of Seriphos, who slew the Gor - gon Medusa and retreived her head, who turned Atlas to stone, slayer of Cetus, champion of faejre Andromeda the Aethjopen,, who also cept the honor of his mother and laid low that Polydectes, who slew also his grandfather Acrisius with the disca and gifted that cyningscyp to Tiryns in exchange for his own, who also builded the burgh of Mycenae, that is Swammburgh, who went up into the heafona and did not die. Perseus begeat Perses Tyrna, Alcaeus whose sun was Amphitryon, Sthenelus Swammburgh whose sun was Eurystheus, Heleus, Mestor, Electryon who was killed by Amphitryon, and Cynurus,. Amphitryon begeat Iphicles and Alcides, called Heracles, of the Twelve Mighty Deeds. This Alcides did thegnscype to his cousin Eurystheus efen thuh he was far stronger and more virtuous than that cyning, and it was Eurystheus who charged Alcides with his Mighty Deeds. Alcides took at least thirty-five wifes, among them his favorite Deianira the Caledonian who bore to him Hyllus,, Ctesippus, Glenus, and Oneites. It happened that when Alcides shot from on far a centaur (a wildman) cunning to rape Deianira that he used for this deed an arrow dipped in the blood of a dragon which Alcides had also slewn. This centaur, both lusty and treacherous, lay dieing and taught fair Deianira to draw the last of his seed out of him and to mingle in it the blood of his wound, to macen a drync hwic would Alcides cep from straying from her, naefre in lust neither in love, again. And so when met Alcides with young faejre Jole did Deineira dip his scirt into the drync for wascing and gave it him to wear at court, whereupon did burn his scin and his flesc awful sore that he could not get the scirt nor the burn off him; and so in agony this Alcides Heracles built him a funeral pyre and burned himself upon it, and also by her own hand did Deianira slay herself when this evil truth she learned. Hyllus Alcidesun then wed this same Jole. Now the suna of Alcides Heracles were many, and they went many ways. A troop of them under the command of Hyllus did come to Athens, whereupon demanded Eurystheus Sthenelusun Swammburgh that Hyllus and the other Alcidinga be given up to death that his cyngscyp might be secure. Now the name of the king of Athens at this time is not cnawn to us, but the demand was refused and the city laid seige by Swammburgh who was cut down in anwije. So the line of Argife cyngs fram Perseus was cut scort, the Alicidinga cyngs by riht but not in fact. The cyngscip of Argos passed to an Atreus, and Hyllus went into the north of Thessally to fight alongside Aegimjus against the Lapidinga, hwereupon he was given a third dael of that cyngdom to ricsynne; and hwen Aegimjus haefde dygde thanon his two suna, being cyninga ofer those two othre daela, did bujen to Hyllus as cyninga of eall Aegimjusinga, hwo latere wolde cuman to callan themsealfa Dorjana. Thanon midraeded Hyllus with seo Oracle Delphija who him told: Thone thridda wastme mote thu waeccian; thanon Argose infar bi nearore streit. Three years hence Hyllus did attack Atreus fram the bridge of Corinth and fell to the sword of this Atreus. Cleodaeus Hyllusun and Aristomachus Cleodaeusun licewise attacked Swammburgh and were bested. Aganemnon Atreusun had won glory and fame by restoring himself to the throne against the usurper Thyestes by the help of his brother Menelaus. It was during their Spartan exile that the brothers married; and Menelaus was made king of Sparta after his brother’s restoration. Menelaus received cyng Paris of Illjon, that is, of Dodanim, in state, but regretfully, left the burgh before his guest, furnishing Paris with all hospitality but his own attendance, that he might attend to the funeral of his grandfather on Crete. Paris took Menelaus’ wife, named Helen, with him back to Illjon, against the plead of his brother Hector. So the Hellenes made ready for war, and Aganemnon Atreusun Swammburgh was named marscall ofer this expedition. Of the involvement of men close in geography to our Hyllinga, Homer toucth only obliquely: T oo Pelasgingas laedde Hippothooes fram Larissaes ploge ricum, Hippothooes and geongcempa Pylaios batha suna Pelasginges Lethoses Teutamideses. There is no word at all of Aegimjus and cyn, nor of any name we know from the Hyllingassung. It may well be that these folc had no part in that great war, for indeed it was being waged by their enemies in state. It also may be that their role in the war was erased from the history because of their animosity with that same mighty marscall. It would seem, a surety, in any case, that either Cleodaeus or Aristomachus, probably the former, would actually have drawn sword against the famous Aganemnon, unless this cempa were both so craven and so incompetant as to attack Swammburgh while the mass of soldiery were away in Illjon and to be repelled and thwarted anyway. Temenus Aristomachusun, along with his brothers Cresphontes and Aristodemus, being so foolisc that they could not solve the riddle themselves, rebuked the Oracle for her folly, who did then teach them that they were the thrid waestm fram Hyllus and that nearore streit meant a way of waetre and not of land. So the brothers made ready to attack by Rhium, but a bolt of light from on high struck Aristodemus dead and set fire to the hwole fleot, this believed to be in Divine vengeance for the slaying of a prophet by some other sun of Alcides. So the Oracle taught Temenus to banisc the murtherer and to mace sinbloet and that he scyld loc for a thrice-ejed guide. This guide turned out to be Oxylus One-Eje Aetoling, who, together with the horse was then riding, had thri-ejes. The Alcidinga fixed up their fleot, and Oxylus steored them through the streita hwaer they met and slew the cyning Tisamenus Orestesun, the grandsun of Aganemnon. Cresphontes received Messene and Temenus received Argos; for his reward was given Oxylus One-Eje the dael alotted for Aristodemus, which was Elis. Plutarx has it that Caranus, the first cyning of Macedon, was a disinherited sun of this Temenus. We must, however, tabulate the following figure: Temenus was two begytinga, the grandsun, from Cleodaeus Hyllusun, who must have been a contemporary of Aganemnon Atreusun since Hyllus, attacked Atreus. Cnawath we that the War of Illjon happened no fewer than eleven centuries plus thirty-five years before the Incarnation of Our Lord, this according to Ephorus of Cyme whose chronology we know to be during the fourth century before Christ, and who gives the most-recent tabulation for the date of that war. Adding to this, it is certain, from the style of the sung and from the poet’s own orientation towards the history, that Homer wrote his Illjad several centuries aefter the war and that this Homer – as the most reasuned tabulation has it - lived four-hundred years after the war, in the eighth century before Christ. Therefore, Homer would have lived during the reign of Tyrimmas, the second from Caranus, at which time, according to Plutarx’s history, the war would still have been a very recent memory. If Homer lived within three or four begytinga of Caranus, then Caranus could not possibly have been born within living memory of the war, unless by a very long stretch we were to think not only that Hyllus, Cleodaeus, Aristomachus, and Temenus all lived very long lives and begeat their successors only at the very end thereof but that the same were also true of Atreus, Aganemnon, Orestes, and Tisamenus. Such a departure from the normal course of life defies disbelief. But, all the same, it is quite beyond belief that some strife which would have ruptured the peaceful and august reign of Temenus and his cyn could have occurred and escaped any form of record in sung or history. Therefore, we say with surety, Caranus was of the line of Temenus but certainly not of the first begytoth. Using Herodotus’ tabulation which puts the war in Illjon at twelve-and-a-half centuries before Christ, and the report of our learned scholars that Caranus’ reign in Macedon began eight-hundred-eight years before the same, we could conservatively say that something like three-hundred-fifty years, and perhaps twelve or fourteen begytinga, are unaccounted for between the conquest of the suna of Aristomachus and the disputed succession of Pheidon to the throne of Argos. In actual fact, it seems to be the case that Plutarx misspoke, or has been misquoted, or meant poetically in calling Caranus a first sun of Temenus since also calls this Pheidon the tenth in descent from Temenus – which according to our rough tabulation would give an average span of begytoth of thirty-five years, not wholly without reason. Ymb Macedon e So it stands that the nine begytinga from Temenus are unknown to us but apparently tallied by Plutarx. This tenth begytanting was of at least three suna: Pheidon, Caranus, and at least one other. Pheidon defeated the coalition of his brothers to seize the throne of Argos, and Caranos subsequently left the country. He became cyng ofer the Macedons, who were cynsfolk either to Aegimjus or to those who conquered his land in the time after Illjon, eight-hundred- eight years before Christ. For three-hundred-three-score years the crown of Macedon would descend from father to sun. Caranos reigned thirty years and begeat Coenus who reigned twenty-eight years and begeat Tyrimmas who reigned fifty years and begeat Perdiccas who reigned twenty-two years and begeat Argaeus who reigned thirty-eight years and begeat Philip who reigned thirty-eight years and begeat Aeropus who reigned twenty-six years and begeat Alcetas who reigned twenty-nine years and begeat Amyntas who reigned forty-nine years and begeat Alezander who reigned forty-four years. Alezander begeat Alcetas, Perdiccas, Philip, and Amyntas, with Alcetas succeeding him and reigning six years. After this reigned Perdiccas Alezandersun for thirty-five years and begeat Arxelaos, who succeeded his father for fourteen years, and Aeropos who reigned for four years after his brother. Arxelaos begeat Orestes who reigned alongside Aeropos for three years and died, and another Arxelaos who reigned for three years after Orestes, during two of which he reigned alone. At his death, the crown passed to Pausanjas Aeroposun, who died that same year, and thence to Amyntas Philpsun, who also died in the same year. Amyntos Alezandersun begeat Arrhidajos who begeat Amyntas who reigned for twenty-three years after Amyntas Philpsun. This Amyntas begeat Alezander, who reigned for less than two years after his father, Perdiccas, who reigned for nine years after his elder brother, and Philip, who reigned for twenty-three years after his brothers. Amyntas Perdiccassun reigned breifly in the year that his father died. Philip Amyntassun had two suna, Philip and Alezander. This Alezander, though the younger of the two, succeeded his father and is known to us as Alezander the Great. Cyning Amyntas the Fyrest Alcetasun Macedone bujed in thegnscyp to Darius Persija, who alleged to be cynfram Perses Perseusun Tyrna., as did manij other Graece daela. The revolt of Ion hwelc started at the end of Amyntases riscype, had little effect on Macedone. Cyning Alezander Fyrest Amyntassun Macedone was tasked by Persija with leading peacetalk with the Graeca, whelc failed. He fought alongside Zerzes at Platea whaer they suffered catastrophic losses. Herodotus tells that Alezander secretly entered the Graece camp and betrayed Zerzes’ strategic position to the enemy. In any case, Alezander was glad to be rid of Persija, and he minted triumphant coins aefter this war. Hwen Pericles Athens aimed to build an utburgh of Athens on the Strymon, Cyning Perdiccas Alezandersun at first was not against it; but Pericles made friends with Philip Alezandersun. So they fought a war. Later, Perdiccas took side with Sparta agaisnt Athens, and the Spartans went on to help Perdiccas against a rebel. But when the Spartans arrived at Lyncestis, and the battle was to take shape, the Macedonija became sore afraid of their enemies and quit the field, prompting the men of Sparta to loot the Macedonian trains, because of which Perdiccas betrayed Sparta and took side with Athens, and also put down the rebellion of Arrhabaeus alone. In the end of the wars, Perdiccas was again fighting against Athens but bought a good peace, and Athens lent Macedone scyps afterward. Cyning Arxelaos Fyrest Perdiccasun Macedone was frynd to Euripedes the playwrite. He was murthered by Sodomites. Hwat folgyed this murther was cynglesness and cynslaying. Aefter six yeara thereof, Amyntas Arrhidaiosun won the throne, as the list afore tells, bi cylling his othrecousin, Cyning Pausanias Aeroposun Macedone, to become cyning. Cyning Amyntas ruled from exile for a time and was nearly oferthrewn by Olynthos Chalcidjan, but Sparta lent help. Right upon his winning the crown, Cyning Alezander Twoth Amyntasun Macedone, went into Thessaly and took Larissa, the land of his forecyn in the daegs of Illjon, but Thebes took the city back and took hostages fram Macedone, among them Philip the cyninges youngest brother. The cyning was murthered by Ptolomy Aloros who ruled the country on behalf of Perdiccas the middle-brother Amyntasun. Cyning Perdiccas Thrid Amyntasun Macedone, hwen he had come of age, cylled Ptolomy Aloros for murther, and reigned in peace six years after. Cyning Philip Amyntasun Macedone had been taught in Thebes about fighting with spear phalanx. He took seven wives and begeat Cynane, Philip, Alezander, and Caranus. He con - quered Amphipolis and leased it to Athens. The League of Thessaly requested Philip’s help with several wars. After defeating Phocis at the Crocus Fylds, he was made dryhten over Thessaly and given the burgh of Pherae. He also beat and drove out the Spartans and the Scythians from divers places. By the nineteenth year of his reign, he was recognized as dryhten of the Corintha League. Four years later, he prepared a large troop of men to take the Graece burgha on the coasts of Little Asia back from Parsija. During this time, at the wedding of one of his daughters, Philip was murthered by his bodyguard Pausanjas Orestis, who was riht aweg cylled by three other of his bodyguards. So rose to the throne Cyning Alezander Thrid Philipsun Macedone. Ymb Alezandre Greatum Alezander and his halfbrother Philip were born about the same time, Alezander by Olympias Epirus and Philip by Philinna Larissa; so it was never in doubt that Alezander was the heir to be. He was educated by Aristotle. On the death of his father, and his crowning as cyn - ing Macedona and dryhten Corintha Leaguea, he warred against the Thracians and then against Thebes, both who were enraged at the death of Philip and doubted his successor to be of any quality, which latter city the cyning destroyed. totally except for the temples, the citadel, and the house of Pindar the poet. Within two years, the young cyning was ready to effect his fa - ther’s planned attack on Parsija. While riding, he met with Diogenes the Cynic which thinker he respected above all others, even above his master Aristotle; and he did homage to the wise cynic saying: Would were I not Alezander I be Diogenes the Cynic. And begging what he the cyning might do for the wise sage, Diogenes bid the cyning only step aside a little that he might receive the sunlight in which stood he. Far beyond his father’s dream of freeing the Greaca of the searime from Parsjan rule, Alezander in fact deposed Darjus Thride and took the hwole of his cyningdom. and builded the bugh of Alezandra in Aegypt. In the tenth year of his reign, he crossed into Hindua,. which land was aforetime thought to be of Sem but, cnawath we, was of Japhetic stocc, and tooc it as far as the Beas before his troops, longing for home, persuaded him turn back. He had the men who dese - crated the tomb of the Holy Annointed Cyrus put to the sword. He put on a great feast at the end of the month Maj to celebrate the conquest of Hindua and plan the conquest of Araby. Having two suna, fyrst Heracles by Barsine Phrygia and then Alezander by Roxana Bactria, he told his troops wondering about the matter that his successor scyld be, withutan mention of his sunum, ‘the strongest.’ Within a fortnight of this feast, having drunc a boul of wine with his seaman Nearxus at Nebuxadnessareshoff in Babel, he took fefer and cnew that he would die; so he had the hwol army file past him as, unmow to spreccen, he saluted them. Then, dyged he. Boc Twaþ Ymb Alezandresunum Wise was Alezander that he had made no mention of his sunum, for indeed nawther of them were near unto manhood to take his crown and manij were the men who would want them cylled that they might reign after the Great Alezander. His sun Alezander, younger of the two, being born unto him by his cwen Roxana of the East, could in no wise be denyd to be the cyningesun; but Heracles was boren in secret and raised in Pergamon. In fact, Alezander was not yet boren when the cyning dyged. The footmen wanted that Philip Philipsun should reign as cyning, but the best and wisest cnew that Roxana miht sunne beran; so it was, by the device of the warchyf Perdiccas, that Philip was called regent til the day of byrth. Alezander the Fourth, then, was boren cyning. But Philip was weak, and thrall to his wife, and disaster befell the dry - htenscyp. Within three years this Philip was deposed and Antipater lead the folc in his stede, who within two years dyged and left Polyperchon to lead. Cassander Antipatersun, furious, al - lyd with Eurydice Philipswife and waged war. Cassander won the fight, and Cyning Alezander the Fourth was fled together with his mother and with Polyperchon to Epirus hwence rallied they Olympias the cwenmother and thus made Eurydice to quit felde. So Philip Philipsun and his wife Eurydice were put to the sword. Cassander came back, took Macedon, and put Olympias to the sword but spared the cyning and spared Roxana, loccing them up in Amphipolis. Then made peace Cassander with the othre Macedonja and acnawledged Alezader, now thirteen years in age, as trywecyning. The other Macedonja soon secgde: Then let cyning reign. So Cas - sander murthered the cyning and his mothre. Barsine, seeing and having foreseen the devastation wrought by the death of her husband, cept the fatherath of her sun Heracles cnawn only to select few men of great import; and see - ing the devastation increase year by year in those fourteen years between the death of her hus - band and the death of his younger sun, she made sure that the blood of Perseus, the blood of Al - cides Heracles, which ran in her sun’s veins, would not perish from the earth. So it was that she took a wife unto him hwen he had scarce reached the age of fourteen, the age for which the Macedonja wanted Alezander the Fourth for cyninge, from among the Pergamings; and so se - cret was this flescwedding that the name and race of Heracleswife is uncnawn to us for all time, so too is the birthname of Heraclesun, for he is a shadow among history, wisely hidden for all time that no vicous satrap might have him put to the sword. And wise indeed was Barsine in these things, for no sooner did Alezander the Fourth lie dead on the ground than Polyperchon did betray the secret of Barsine and proclaim Heracles Alezandersun as cyning. This weak and foolisc Polyperchon did start to raise a great warband in Heraclesname, but sly Cassander came to him with honeyed words and persuaded him to put Heracles to the sword. Ymb Alezandringum in Eirenne oth ricsothe Eoxues Feidlexes None but Barsine herself and the uncnawn wife of Heracles did cnaw of the begytoth of Heraclesun. In all likelines, he was not boren when Heracles was cylled. Late in his life, this sun would try his best to remember anything at all of his earliest years. All we cnaw forsoothe is that, like his forefather the Farruling Perseus, he was shut up into a box and sent across the sea; and the hwol weorld did naefre cnaw the tryth of his birth til in Providence did the Blessed Saint Aethelwald the Rihtwise together with his aeftercyn the Blessed Saint Aethelwald Myrrhstream appear unto us berende thisse greate revelation for all time. For the box beren - decyninge passed far to the West beyond the Pillars of Heracles, which were builded by his forefather as told in the Boc of the Twelve Daeda, and out around to Asturias hwaer he wasced up at Corunja. And he grew to a youth of twelf yaers when met he on the baecc with silent wandrende Argetmar, worldlessly approacende to the boy, relating thus: I am cyning in Eirenne, groenre yje Weste. Lo nau haefe cemen I to minum, dyjingedaeje. But thou, O aethelcynnes jeoguth faejer, locath lic unto minre agen ansyne in minre agen jeoguth. Com and let me to thee teachenne eallthinj tha hafth cnawan I. For faren hafth I thissus sehs (six) yeara in Spaine, and lo today the sefenth year completth, sinse I left mine oethla; and to - daeg mine ejes habbath beon opened bi Heafona Gode. Haefth sprecen I not one only word sinse I left my cyningdom in exile; so then thou cnawning nothinj of Eirenn mixt go bacc and mine throne tacen as jif thou wert minsealf. only sprecst thou not. Lo though eart thou a boy in the spring of youth, wilt thou appear unto thine countrymen as wisened as minesealf, for Hlafward be with thee. Lo though bist thou dumb unto the tongue of Eirenn, wilt though appear unto thine coun - trymen as the waer bluegrass hitself,, for thou shalt tace unto wife this hlafdije of mine own, Aoibhin, virgin and true for haefth I only this moon her tacen fram her father hlafwarde Caellices. This day in sceol singath Magog and Jauan in sungs of joy and praise, for their high blood is joined in thee who eart minesealf; and reignath wilt thy cyn now and aefre and unto ages of ages. Behold: sije-victory, thy name is Argetmar. Then did this wisard turn and walc into the sea and naefre was seon again. Then came unto the youth his wife Aoibhin, and behind her a hundred of men, and said: Mine hlafward, thine scyps hafth been made ready on the corner of the world. Mid us the God of Heafon is; let us turn back unto the coasts of Eirenn and set the yfel of this weorld to flight. So, though a boy of twelf years, the sun of Heracles, the second fram Alezander the Great, the sizteonth fram Caranos the, twenty-sizth from Temenus, the thirtyth from Alcides Heracles, the thirty- third from Farruling Perseus, the forty-second from Japheth, the forty-sixth from Enox Jaredsun, the fifty-first from Adam our firstfather, was seon as though he were the very wis - ard himself that had wealced unto the sea; and he steored the ships far to the north and up a broad stream, landing upon the isle of Eirenn at groen Scannon. A troop of men was summoned to meet Argetmar under the dryhtenscyp of Dui Fjaxusun Ladrax. This Dui, lic unto all the others Callicae, could in no wise discern that this faejre youth fram Pergamon was anig other than Argetmar the cyning hwo had anwije slaughtred hlafwarde Fjaxu, and waes he saddened to leran that the cyning was strucc silent aefre thaeraefter. So he addressed himself unto the hlaefije Aoibhin and taecxt her in allthing pertainende to the state of the Eireisc wars of that time, relating thus: Faejre hlafdije and cwen of Eirenn, years ago your hlafward bethegned mine father in the war ‘gainst Arth Lujdaxsun. Lo butan this husband of thine beceme thereaefter slaughtrere to mine father. Twas forsooth a righteous slaughter, for mine father did levy faejre anwije for pride and glory; and dying thus did he obtain the happy hereaefter. T’was not I but Eoxu Ajlill - sun the atheling, who made good Argetmar to quitten this groen isle. Lo now thine hlafaward is come back to us. Come, let us conquer. So the troops of Argetmar and those of Fjaxu Tolgrax were joined in arms once more, this latter now under the dryhtenscyp of Dui Fjaxusun. Singing Eirisc sungs of faejre maegdens and bloody battle-play, ceme they to the place called Ajne, whaer Eoxu Ajlillsun had endeav - ored to meet the return of Argetmar with spears and teeth clashing. But Eoxu was cut down by the hand of young-old Argetmar. So the glad uictors conducted themselves in stately pomp to Tara, and Argetmar took the crown of Eirenn for a space of thirty years and begeat Bardan and Finntan. All this time sprecc he not an onlij word, but his suna were raised proper Gaelas. But did cuman the daeg when, the war against Eoxu a happy memory, Dui did callenge Arget - mar to anwije since Argetmar had beon slaughtrere of Fjaxu. Dui, winning the fixt, hacked Ar - getmar into manig daela and them scattered to the four horns of Eirenn and tooc he the cyn - gscyp hiwelc he held for ten years beforan waes he conquered by Lujaid Dairsun Loijde. Finntan was heretogan in Emanmaxa and begeat Cimbaeth. Cimbaeth had two cousins, Aedruad Bardansun, and Dithorba. They rose up together and conquered the country fram this Lujaid; and they agreed to take each his turn reigning for sefen years adael. So Aedruad reigned sefen years, then Dithorba reigned sefen years, then Cimbaeth reigned sefen years, then Ae - druad sefen, then Dithorba sefen, then Cimbaeth sefen, then Aedruad reigned sefen years and was drouned in a waetrefall hwelc now berath his name. Then Dithorba reigned sefen years, then Cimbaeth reigned sefen years. Cimbaeth then gyfed the crown to Dithorba, but Macha Ae - druadsdotter drew up her men and waged a bloody battleplay wherein was struck down this Dithorba on the edge of the sword. So Cimbaeth married Macha Aedruadsdotter on the bat - tlefyld and reigned as cyning for a further sefen years and begeat Ugaine and was struck down by the plague. He macod the suna of Dithorba to build him a great hoff and gave it the name of his wife Emain Macha. It was