================================== DOCUMENT 3: SESSION 3 (S3) ================================== POLLUTION ABATEMENT (21CHO105T) Unit 2 - Session 3 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) 1. Bulk waste generators are required to: ● Answer: C. Manage biodegradable waste at source ● Explanation: Large commercial and residential bulk waste generators (hotels, housing societies, institutions) are mandated to treat or process biodegradable waste on-site through composting or biomethanation. 2. User fees for waste collection are charged by: ● Answer: C. Local authorities ● Explanation: Municipal corporations and local urban bodies levy user fees on residents and commercial establishments for doorstep waste collection and management services. 3. Scientific disposal of waste primarily refers to: ● Answer: C. Sanitary landfilling ● Explanation: Scientific disposal replaces open dumping with engineered sanitary landfills and controlled thermal or biological recovery plants. 4. Which of the following activities is discouraged by legislation? ● Answer: C. Open burning of waste ● Explanation: Open burning of municipal solid waste releases toxic air pollutants, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases and is prohibited by environmental laws. 5. Legislation supports which principle of waste management? ● Answer: B. Waste hierarchy ● Explanation: Environmental legislation is built upon the waste management hierarchy: Prevention, Minimization, Reuse, Recycling, Recovery, and Safe Disposal. II. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. Explain the importance of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. ● Answer: The Solid Waste Management Rules establish a comprehensive legal framework for waste management in India. Their importance lies in: ○ Mandating mandatory source segregation of waste into wet, dry, and domestic hazardous streams. ○ Fixing accountability on bulk waste generators to process organic waste on-site. ○ Introducing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) guidelines for packaging and plastic waste. ○ Promoting scientific processing, recycling, and safe disposal while eliminating open dumping and burning. 2. Discuss the role of legislation in controlling solid waste pollution. ● Answer: ○ Setting Standards: Establishing clear emission, discharge, and operational benchmarks for waste processing and disposal facilities. ○ Enforcement & Compliance: Empowering pollution control boards and local bodies to penalize illegal dumping, littering, and open burning. ○ Resource Recovery Mandates: Legally enforcing recycling targets, mandatory segregation, and producer accountability to reduce landfill burdens. III. LONG ANSWER QUESTION 1. Explain the solid waste disposal and management laws and guidelines. ● Answer: 1. Legislative Framework and Objectives Solid waste management laws provide statutory guidelines to ensure public health protection, environmental preservation, and resource conservation through systematic oversight. 2. Key Mandates under Modern SWM Regulations ● Source Segregation: Mandatory separation of household waste into biodegradable (wet), recyclable (dry), and domestic hazardous fractions prior to collection. ● Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): Placing financial and operational responsibility on manufacturers and brand owners for the collection and recycling of post-consumer product packaging and plastics. ● Responsibilities of Bulk Generators: Mandating large-scale commercial facilities, educational campuses, and apartment complexes to manage wet waste internally via composting or biomethanation. ● Prohibition of Unscientific Practices: Enforcing strict legal bans against open dumping, littering in public drains, and open burning of plastic and municipal refuse. 3. Institutional Roles and Enforcement ● Local Municipal Authorities: Responsible for door-to-door collection, transportation infrastructure, and establishing authorized processing plants. ● State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs): Tasked with monitoring environmental compliance, issuing operational authorizations, and penalizing violations.