Patient Guide to Breast Cancer Treatment in Singapore A breast cancer diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but understanding what lies ahead can bring clarity and a sense of control. Singapore offers a structured, evidence - based approach to care, combining early detection, multidisciplinary treatment planning, and supportive services. This guide explains the treatment journey in clear, practical terms so patients and families know what to expect. Understanding Breast Cancer and Its Types Breast cancer is not a single disease. It includes different subtypes based on how the cancer cells behave and what receptors they express. Common classifications include: Hormone receptor – positive (estrogen or progesterone sensitive) HER2 - positive Triple - negative Ductal o r lobular carcinoma These distinctions matter because they influence treatment choices. Doctors use pathology reports, imaging results, and staging information to tailor care to each patient. How Diagnosis and Staging Shape Treatment Once a breast lump or abnormality is detected, diagnosis typically involves: Mammography or ultrasound MRI in selected cases Biopsy to confirm cancer and determine subtype Staging assesses how far the cancer has spread. It considers: Tumor size Lymph node involvement Distant m etastasis Together, diagnosis and staging guide the overall plan for breast cancer treatment in Singapore, ensuring that therapy matches the disease’s characteristics and severity. Core Treatment Options Most treatment plans involve one or more of the following: 1. Surgery Surgery aims to remove the tumor and may include: Breast - conserving surgery (lumpectomy) Mastectomy Lymph node sampling or dissection The choice depends on tumor size, location, patient preference, and genetic risk. 2. Radiation Therapy Often used after breast - conserving surgery or in certain high - risk cases, radiation reduces the chance of local recurrence. 3. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy may be given: Before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink tumors After surgery (adjuvant) to elimina te remaining cancer cells Not all patients require chemotherapy; decisions are based on risk assessment and tumor biology. 4. Hormone Therapy For hormone receptor – positive cancers, medications such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors help block estrogen’ s effect on cancer growth. 5. Targeted and Immunotherapies HER2 - positive and certain advanced cancers may respond to targeted drugs or immunotherapy, offering more precise treatment with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy. The Role of Multi disciplinary Care Treatment decisions are usually made by a team that may include: Surgical oncologists Medical oncologists Radiation oncologists Radiologists Pathologists Specialist nurses This collaborative model ensures that all aspects of care are considered, from clinical effectiveness to patient preferences. Managing Side Effects and Recovery Side effects vary depending on treatment type and individual response. Common issues include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, skin changes, and emotional stress. Supportive care strategies may involve: Medications to control nausea and pain Physiotherapy to restore arm mobility Nutritional counselling Psychological support Recovery is a gradual process, and follow - up visits help monitor healing and detect any recurrence early. Costs, Insurance, and Financial Support Costs for breast cancer treatment in Singapore can vary depending on the complexity of care and the healthcare setting. Patients should consider: Insurance coverage and policy limits Subsidies for eligible citizens and residents Medisave and MediShield Life usage Financial counselling services at treatment centres Discussing financial planning early can reduce stress and help avoid unexpected expenses. Living Beyond Treatment Completing treatment marks a new phase focused on long - term health. Survivorship care includes: Regular follow - up scans and exams Lifestyle guidance on diet and physical activity Monitoring for late side effects Emotional and social support Many patients return to full, active lives, although adjustments may be needed as the body and mind recover. Conclusion Navigating a cancer diagnosis is challenging, but understanding the structure and options available can make the journey less daunting. Breast cancer treatment in Singapore follows internationally recognized standards, with personalized care plans guided by clinical evidence and patient needs. By staying informed, asking questions, and engaging with a multidisciplinary care team, patients can take an active role in their tre atment and recovery.