Summary of Energy Audit & Hydraulic Analysis The Energy Audit and Hydraulic Analysis was conducted by PRODOS Engineering and Contracting, under the patronage of Expertise France, in partnership with Michel Daher Social Foundation, to promote the use of innovation and technology in addressing energy and environmental challenges. The objective is to drive economic improvement through the more efficient and sustainable use of energy resources . The audit specifically targeted the Jdita Water Station, part of the Bekaa Water Establishment (BWE) , which serves as a key water pumping and supply facility for the Bekaa region. Scope of the Audit The energy audit of the facility included an in-depth analysis of all current operations and energy usage throughout the entire facility. The scope of this report is a comprehensive energy study, which includes an analysis of building shell, interior, and exterior lighting systems, electrical systems, pumping systems, and all types of loads. Identification of Energy Saving Opportunities The second task was analyzing and researching all the possible opportunities for Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) , Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) , and Renewable Energy Measures (REMs) in every aspect of total loads and overall energy consumption. On the other hand, some of the measures will not only provide financial savings, but will also reduce the GHG emissions and enhance the “Green” image of the facility Benefits of Energy Management The energy audit revealed practical, actionable measures that can significantly reduce energy costs while improving the facility’s infrastructure. Beyond cost savings, reducing energy consumption also lowers the facility’s exposure to energy price fluctuations and supply shortages—key risks that can impact profitability and operations. For this facility, implementing the audit’s recommendations will enhance service continuity and operational efficiency and water supply. With energy management, you can reduce this risk by reducing your need for energy by controlling it to make it more predictable. Methodology and Tools The thorough audit was conducted to develop a detailed report that addresses all aspects of the facility, analyzing both direct and indirect parameters. Advanced tools such as data loggers, flowmeters, and thermographic devices were used to ensure accurate assessment. Notably, this is the second audit conducted at the facility— the first took place in October 2024 during the dry season (characterized by the lowest water levels), and the second in May 2025 during the wet season (when water levels are at their highest). Several recommended measures from the first audit were implemented between the two assessments. Current Energy Demand and Distribution The facility’s estimated annual energy demand is approximately 4,765.60 MWh , based on optimal operations that would deliver 10,000 m³ of water per day, fully meeting the district’s needs. Energy use is heavily concentrated in water pumping, which accounts for 4,759.86 MWh (99.86%) , followed by chlorination systems at 5.59 MWh (0.12%) , and lighting at just 0.16 MWh (<0.01%). Annual Energy Costs Breakdown This distribution is reflected in the energy bills, which total roughly $1,256,357 annually : ● $1,254,594 for water pumping (99.86%) ● $1,715 for chlorination (0.14%) ● $48 for lighting (<0.01%) These significant imbalances are due to the facility’s single purpose, pumping and supplying water, with no adjacent or supporting systems consuming energy. 2 Projected Energy Reductions ● The energy audit allowed the development of a detailed energy model for the facility, which was used to assess the impact of various energy-saving measures. After implementing the recommended actions, the facility’s projected energy consumption is expected to drop significantly to 191.41 MWh ● This decrease is around 96% , which is considered a substantial share of the annual energy needs, compared to the current energy needs and taking into consideration the solar system energy yields, making the measure more than advantageous to implement to secure the outstanding energy and financial savings. Generator Performance Improvements Following the first audit, several key measures were implemented, resulting in a significant reduction in both the facility’s energy consumption and operational costs. Improving Diesel Generator (DG) performance is one of the most impactful steps in enhancing a facility’s overall energy efficiency. A range of upgrades can boost the DGs’ performance, reduce fuel consumption, cut operational costs, and lower environmental impact. At this facility, upgrading both diesel generators, including materials, transport, and installation, will cost approximately $40,000 . Once implemented, the upgrades are expected to save around 55,586 kWh of electricity annually , translating into cost savings of about $27,833 per year . This results in a short payback period of just 1.43 years. Diesel Generator Replacements Replacing DG1 (400 kVA) with a newer, more efficient unit would reduce fuel consumption while producing the same amount of electricity. This would result in annual savings of approximately $18,396 and a payback period of about 1.77 years. Similarly, replacing DG2 (500 kVA) would lead to annual savings of around $13,899 , with a payback period of roughly 2.72 years. These replacements do not decrease energy demand but significantly reduce diesel consumption, leading to lower operational costs and improved efficiency. 3 Solar System Expansion Expanding the existing solar system by adding 570kWp is an advantageous step in enhancing the performance of the facility in terms of the Energy Trilemma: affordability, security, and sustainability. This system will cost approximately $285,000, and reduce around 855.0 MWh annually, which secures around $262,485 of savings per year. This measure has an outstanding payback period of around 1.08 years. Water and Solar Systems Reconfiguration The most important among all the measures that could and shall be implemented is the Water and Solar Systems Reconfiguration, which comes as follows: ● The current water distribution system in the facility sends water directly from the pumps to consumers, requiring significant energy. ● A proposed reconfiguration would utilize nearby water tanks to store and distribute water using gravity, reducing energy needs. ● This reconfiguration involves updating piping connections, repairing pipelines to prevent leaks, and educating on water conservation with strict monitoring and penalties for unauthorized usage. Energy consumption will be further reduced by replacing existing pumps with smaller, more efficient ones, and expanding the solar system by 210kWp . This update will allow the facility to operate near-autonomously using solar energy for approximately 10 hours a day The total cost for new pumps and solar system upgrades is estimated at $136,000 , saving around 4,537.10 MWh annually , which is equivalent to $1,191,084 per year , resulting in an outstanding payback period of around two months only. No-Cost and Low-Cost Measures In addition to the major upgrades, several no-cost and low-cost measures , detailed in the full report, are also essential. These include improvements to electrical systems, piping, solar and chlorination systems, pumps, generators, doors, the building envelope, and overall operation management. The no-cost measures can save approximately 71,400 kWh annually, translating to about $21,820 in savings. This is a significant benefit since these savings come with little to no upfront cost, making them both energy- and cost-efficient. 4 Financial Overview and Recommendations ● PRODOS - Engineering and Contracting recommends proceeding with the implementation of all measures, ensuring a short payback period, especially since this type of investment is highly profitable. All of the measures presented in this report have been categorized into three groups defined as No-cost, Low-cost, and Long-term. ● The measures outlined in the full report represent the facility’s potential annual savings. Implementing all recommended actions is advised to save energy, reduce emissions, lower operating costs, and ultimately improve water supply and service quality. ● The identified potential energy savings amount to approximately $1,273,032 annually. Additionally, there are smaller savings from minor measures detailed in the report, which cannot be precisely quantified due to limited data or lack of established routines, but their positive impact is assured. ● The estimated budget required to implement the recommended measures is approximately $250,374 . These measures are expected to save around 4,664.09 MWh of energy, resulting in cost savings of about $1,273,032 and an impressive payback period of just 0.20 years. Clarification on DG Replacement Savings The measure entitled "DG replacement" saves money but not energy, meaning that for the same amount of energy produced , changing the fuel consumed will cost the institution less money while doing the same job. It is important to note that the savings may seem somewhat overestimated compared to the quantity of energy savings for this reason. As a result, only financial savings are included in this measure's accounting, affecting the proportionality between financial savings and energy savings. GHG Emissions Reduction GHG emissions reduction is equally essential, especially for the environment, along with energy and financial benefits. The facility now has a CO2 footprint of 3,093.91 tons, but if the recommended measures are implemented, including the solar system, the factory as a whole will have a CO2 footprint of 124.42 tons only, saving 2,969.49 tons of CO2 per year. This decrease of 96% is considered outstanding. 5 Strengthening Energy Security Beyond financial savings, the implementation of energy efficiency measures will also strengthen the facility’s energy security. Since energy expenses must be paid in cash and often immediately, reducing consumption eases pressure on the institution’s balance sheet. Operational and Safety Enhancements In addition to energy-related improvements, the full report highlights several operational and safety-related measures that, while not directly linked to energy, add significant value when implemented. Key Findings from the Second Audit (May 2025) ● Flow Rate Improvements: ● Pump 1: +102.2 m³/h (+120%) ● Pump 2: +75.0 m³/h (+40%) ● Pump 3 : -6.7 m³/h (-10%) These changes are expected due to seasonal variation (wet vs. dry season), except for Pump 3’s performance, which warrants further inspection ● Water Production Costs: ● Pump 1: Cost reduced by 53% ● Pump 2: Cost reduced by 12% ● Pump 3: Cost increased by 15% Reassessment of No-Cost Measures Many no-cost measures from the first audit have been addressed; however, some require regular repetition and are therefore included again in this report. 6 Solar Cable Upgrade Impact Replacing aluminum cables with copper cables (35 mm² to 6 mm²) reduced voltage drop from 1–2% to below 1%, a 40% improvement, enhancing efficiency. Equipment Issues and Performance ● Voltage Instability (Pump 1): ● Voltage fluctuations observed during the first audit have become more frequent and severe. ● These fluctuations can damage the pump and require immediate investigation. ● Pump 3 Issues: ● The star-delta starter and voltage regulator are inactive. ● Power readings show a 39% range between the highest and lowest values, indicating potential malfunction. Pump Performance Summary: ● Pump 1: Repetitive and harmful voltage fluctuations—urgent inspection needed. ● Pump 2 : Operating within a fair and acceptable power range. ● Pump 3 : Wide power range and declining performance—further testing required. 7 Final Recommendations It is recommended that these measures be implemented in the near future. Recommended Measures Overall Summary 8