= DO T Fobmunas Unit (nversions money : rength : X1000 ↓ 100 ⑭ * 1 km = 1000 m $ 1 = 1004 * * - 1000 + 100 X100 ⑪ 1 m = 100 cm # mass : = 100 X10 X1000 * 1 cm = 10 mm KG 10009 * - 10 & - 1000 X 100 000 ⑭ 1 km = 100 , 000 cm a + 100000 volume 1 me = 1 cm3 Note : Even though 1m = 100 cm , X1000 1 m 2 # 100cm > 1) e = 1000 me 1 m3 + 100 cm3 (1m = 100 (m) - > 1m2 = 10,000 cm2 : + 1000 (1m = 100 (m) - > 1m3 = 1000000cm3 volume of cube : length of cube : Length x length x Length 3/volume of Cube Base area volume of cuboid = Length X Breadth x Height Base area volume Height of cuboid = Length x Breadth I volume Base are a = volume: Length : Breadth = volume : Breadth : Length volume Length of cuboid = Breadth x Height = volume : Height : Breadth = volume : Breadth : Height volume Breadth of cuboid = Length x Height = volume : Height : Length = volume = Length : Height Time X 60 * 1 n = 60 min ⑭ X 3600 = 60 * 1 h = 3600 seconds X60 * 2 min = %0 seconds & = 3600 * + 08 1) hour clock 24 hour clock & must have & must have 1) Decimal point 1) 4 digits * must NOT have 2) a m or p m 9 m. or p m 1 2 00 a m 00 0 0 1 00 9 m 0100 2 00 a m 0200 3 00 a m 0300 4 00 a m 0400 5 00 a m 0500 6 00 a m 06 00 7 00 a m 0700 8 00 a m 08 00 9 00 a m 0900 10 00 a m 100 0 11 00 a m 1100 1 2. 00 p m 1200 1 0 0 p m 13 00 2 00 p m 1400 3 00 p m 1500 4 00 p m 1600 500 p m 17 00 1800 6 00 p m 7 00 p m 1900 8 00 p m 2 0 O 9 00 p m 21 0 O 10 00 p m 22 0 O 1 1 00 p m 23 0 O 11 59 p m 23 59 Speed , Time , Distance 1 Distance = Speed x Time D 2 Speed : Distance ST Time 3 Time = Distance Speed Note : change to equivalent units before using DST formulas Total distance 4 Average speed = Total time & Include resting time Note : Average speed F speed 1 + speed 2 & 2 This is a common mistake ! common distance HOW to Spot ? · when a person overtake If speed ratio = A : B another person then time ratio = B : A (condition : They start at the same point) Or · When the people travel If time ratio = A : B from the same start then speed ratio = B : A point to the same end point common time If distance ratio - A : B then speed ratio = A : B Op If speed ratio = A : B then distance ratio = A : B Important facts about squares ↓ Area of square : Length x Length 2 Given area of square , to find length : common errors : Length of Square = Area of square : 2 Length of Square = Area of square : 4 M1 : M2 : -Area Trial and error Example : Given area of square = 100cm L d M1 : M2 : length = /100 cm2 Try 10 x 10 = 100 = 10 CM 3 Perimeter of square : 4 X Length Or Length + Length + Length + Length 4 450) 458 culing the square diagonally into half will cut the 900 into half. become 450 Important facts about rectangles Length ↓ Area of rectangle : Length x Breadth Breadth 2 Length of rectangle : Area of rectangle Breadth of rectangle 3 Breadth of rectangle : Area of rectangle Length of rectangle 4) perimeter of rectangle : Length + Length + Breadth + Breadth or 2 x length + 2x Breadth or 2) x (Length + Breadth) I a D · , a ↑ 3 culing the rectangle diagonally into half Will NOT cut the 900 into half Important facts about rhombus ↑ All sides are equal in length 2 & Diagonally opposite Is are equal a "b) - - 3 By interior angles A B S (a + 16 = 1808 4) 2 pairs of parallel lines - cutting the rhombus diagonally into half will cut the corner angle into half - a "b) - I I - - & A B S ↳ b , a , 6 There are 2 isosceles in a rhombus I - - I Note : ONLY When given length of diagonal = length of side then there will be 2 equilateral in a rhombus Otherwise , do not assume ! 7 Diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at 900 I - - I Important facts about triangles ↓ Area of : X Base x Height Base : Any side of a Height : a line that is perpendicular to the base can be a side of , inside the or outside the Tip : Decide on the base first as the height depends on the base /Height N Base are [ 3 ! ~ Base Height Height Base Height F Base Height > Base 2 sum of area of s with common height = X common height X combined base Example : 5CM Area of A + B A B & = [X5CMX8cm - = 20cm2 OCM 3 Sum of area of s with common base = X common base X combined height Example : Area of LA + XB A B 6cm = EXOCM X 10CM = 301M 10 Ch 4) perimeter of : sum of 3 sides 5 Types of : isosceles equilateral right angled right-angled scalene isosceles & Too i (bb) 1600 60 %, d 143043 Y 194( Important facts about parallelogram ↑ opposite sides are equal - d 2 Diagonally opposite Is are C equal C 7d & 3 By interior 1s () + 1d = 1800 4) 2 pairs of parallel lines - cutting the parallelogram diagonally into half will OT cut the corner angle into half - d F C d C C f 7d & 7d e noth 6 Diagonals of Parallelogram DO NOT bisect each other at 900 Not 90 ° ! Important facts about trapezium > > ↑ It is a 4-sided figure 2 ONLY 1 pair of parallel lines > T i 7 b > dS By interior angles , (a + 1b = 1800 () + 1d = 1800 3 Diagonally opposite Is are not equal ! (a + Ld Lb # LC 4) cannot assume La and LC add up to 1800 cannot assume LD and Ldadd up to 1800 5 (a + (b + (c + (d = 3600 Important facts about circles Take note of : T = 22 Tips for this topic : 7 2. T = 3 14 · make sure you identify the correct radius diameter 3 leave in terms of It · use "cut-and-paste" 4) calculator value of It for irregular shapes (If question never say anything about 1) Area of circle = 1 x radius x radius circumference of circle = 1 X Diameter J Area of semicircle = Xix radius X radius perimeter of semicircle = X MX Diameter Diameter - Area of quadrant = xix radius x radius perimeter of quadrant = - X MX Diameter Diameter ~ "I Area of leaf Ishaded part Area of quadrant-Area of r #Xi X radius xradius - Exradius x radius r 11/1 , Area of " = Area of Square-Area of quadrant = radius X radius - #XIX radius x radius > r Other angle properties (a + Lb = 1800 Adjacent Is on a straight line 97b add up to 180 b()b vertically opposite Ls are equal A < a) Alternate (s are equal Tip : Spot for 'Z'shape (a < (a + Lb = 1800 Interior Is add up to 1800 b 7a Tip : Spot for 'C'Or'r' shape a corresponding Is are equal - a Tip : Spot 'F' shape Is at a point add up to 3600 a (a + (b + (c + (d = 3600 in sum of is in a = 180 · (a + 1b + 1) = 1800 - Base Ls of isosceles < a as are equal Each Lin equilateral L 00 , = 180" = 3 = 600 & sum of 2 interior Is in a (b()d = 1 exterior of a La + (b = Ld Tip : spot for "flag" shape sum of Is in a quadrilateral (4-sided figure) = 360 Place values million 9312465 780 ↓ hundred thousand tenth thousandth ~ ten hundredth thousand one L ten hundred thousand North West East south North Northwest S Northeast E 45 45 450 x 450 & West 45 % (450 East W 450450 southeast southwest south & V 1 V 7 Clockwise anticlockwise Comparing Fractions : Ascending/increasing : small to big Descending/decreasing : Big to small 2 ways make all the fractions make all the fractions to the to the same denominator same numerator r. · The fraction with the · The fraction with the largest numerator is the largest denominator is the largest fraction smallest fraction The fraction with the The fraction with the smallest numerator is smallest denominator is the smallest fraction the largest fraction Example 1 Example 3 ↳ is smaller than 3 eg ↳ is bigger than I · Example 2 Example 4 which is smaller ? Or E ? which is bigger ? I or EX = 3X = : I is bigger is smaller Equal numerators : · A fraction of an item is equal to another fraction of another item · Example : -Of What Ariel has is equal to of What Brian has EXA = B -A = B : A : B 9 : 10 Numerators comparison · A certain fraction of an item is more/ less than a certain fraction of another item Example : * of Ariel's marbles is 10 more than E of Brian's marbles A A - A A In 10 In 18 IV 10 B In IV B B Percentage X100 S Fractions/decimals [ % : 100 in A 2 percentage I X100 % in A Original A 3 percentaged = ↓ In A X 100 % in A Original A 1 percentage I discount X 100 % discount original price Average 1 Average = Total value No of items 2 Total value = Average x No of items Nets of Cube · 1 cube 6 square faces 11 nets of cube you must know Nets of cuboid · 1 cuboid - > 6 rectangles or 4 rectangles + 2 squares some nets of cuboids you need to know - -