Smart - Contract Platforms Interoperable Blockchain Ecosystems Cardano (ADA) Tezos (XTZ) Algorand (ALG O ) Binance Smart Chain (BNB) Ethereum (ETH) Cosmos (ATOM) Avalanche (AVAX) Polkadot (DOT) Quick Explanation First open source blockchain to evolve out of a scientific philosophy and research - first driven approach. Most technologically advanced platform with l eading On - Chain g overnment Open source and p ermissionless technology dedicated to removing friction from financial e xchange. More centralistic and rapidly growing Dual - Chain platform with low fees and extremely fast transaction speed. First and biggest smart contract platform. Has to solve their scalability problem to compete. E cosystem of blockchains that can interoperate with each other Po wered by BFT consensus algorithms like Tendermint consensus. Fast open - source P latform for launching highly decentralized applications, new financial primitives, and new interoperab le blockchains C reating new standards for interop er ability Wants to connect their Parachains with other public blockchains. Launch 2017 (Smart Contracts in Q2/2021) 2017 (Smart Contracts since 2018) 2019 (Smart Contracts since 2020) 2019 (Smart Contracts since 2020) 2015 (Smart Contracts since 2017) 2017 (Smart Contracts since 2020 ) 2020 (Smart Contracts since 2020 ) 2017 (Smart Contracts in Q2/2021) Price (Market Cap) $1.2 5 ( 40 b) $ 4 ( 3 b) $1.15 (2.5b) $200 (31b) $1 60 0 (1 83 b) $21 (4.5b) $28 (2.1b) $3 8 ( 35 b) Main Founder s Charles Hoskinson (Founder , Cofounder Ethereum, CEO of IOG ) Arthur & Kathleen Breitman (Cofounder s ) Silvio Micali (Founder Turing award - winner , Professor at MIT ) Changpeng Zhao (CEO of Binance Exchange ) Vitalik Buterin (Cofounder) Jae Kwon (Cofounder) Emin Sirer (Founder , Professor at Cornwell, CEO of Ava Labs ) Dr. Gavin Wood ( Cofounder , Cofounder Ethereum, Head of Web3 Foundation ) Reward System Ouroboros POS (74% staked | no lockup | ensured protocol level payout | rewards after ~ 20 d ) 1900+ Validators & 300k Delegators Liquid POS (78% staked | no lockup | no protocol level payout | rewards after ~20d ) 400 + Vali dators & 100k Delegators Pure POS (58% staked | no lockup | automatic staking | payout with every transaction ) 13+ Validators Proof of Staked Authority (3 7 % staked | no lockup) 21 Fixed Validators POW transitioning to POS (3% staked | locked up until eth 2.0 release | min. 32 ETH) 33 k+ Validator s Cosmos POS ( 72 % staked | no lockup) 125+ Validators POS (7 7 % staked | 14 - 365d lockup | reward at the end of period ) 900 + Validators Nominated POS ( 6 4 % staked | no lockup | 28d unlock) 3 00 + Vali dators Staking Rewards 5 % 5.5% 6% 3 1 % 8% 10% 10% 13.5% L1 - Scalability (L2) 1 00 TPS (1.5m TPS) 120 TPS (1.5m TPS) 1 k TPS (1.5m TPS) 10k TPS 15 TPS (100k TPS) 1k TPS per Chain (Unlimited Chains) 4 - 15k TPS per Chain (Unlimited Chains) 1 k TPS (1. 0 m TPS) Governance / Funding Off - Chain Funding "Project Catalyst (largest DAO) On - Chain On - Chain On - Chain Off - Chain Off - Chain On - Chain On - Chain Model (Machine) EUTXO ( Plutus SC ) Account - Based (Michelson SC) Account - Based (TEAL SC) Account - Based (EVM) Account - Based (EVM) Account - B ased (SDK - Modules) Account - Based (AVM+EVM +more ) Account - Based / Agnostic (Wasm SC) Daily Transactions ~ 70k ~ 6 0k ~ 8 00k ~ 1.0m ~ 1. 3 m ~ 10k ~ 50 k ~ 25k Transaction Fee ~ $0. 2 5 ~ $0.01 ~ $0.001 ~ $0.30 ~ $20 ~ $0.05 ~ $0.0 2 ~ $0.20 Average Transaction Time ~ 1 0 s (20s Blocktime) ~ 3 0 s (60s Blocktime) ~ ( 4.5s) ~ 2.5s ( 5s Blocktime) ~ 300s ( 1 8 s Blocktime) ~ 4s (8s Blocktime) ~ 2 s (4s B locktime ) ~ 3s ( 6s Blocktime) Social Media Follower 1m Twitter | 440 k Reddit 1 5 0k Twitter | 4 6 k Reddit 130k Twitter | 22 k Reddit 3.7 m Twitter | 388 k Reddit 1.1m Twitter | 930 k Reddit 76k Twitter | 2 8 k Reddit 96 k Twitter | 1k Reddit 4 07k Twitter | 35 k Reddit Features - Cardano Native Assets - ERC - 20 Converter - Multiple Asset Transactions In Developement: - Smart Contracts in Layer - 1 - On - Chain Gov & Funding - Identity Solution (AtalaPrism) - DeFi while Staking - Babel Fees (Pay Transaction Fees in any Asset) - Zk - Snarks - Multi - Oracle - Layer 2 solution Hydra - IELE (Write SC‘s in any language) - Ourobouros Omega (51% - attack selfhealing ) - Seamless On - Chain Upgrades - DeFi while Staking - Secret Smart Contracts - Secret Transactions - Wrapped Assets - Ethereum Bridge - ERC20 converter - Multi - Oracle (Harbringer, Chainlink) - Zk - Snarks In Developement: - Identity Solution (Credible) - Tenderbake Consensus Algorithm - Layer 2 solutions - Seamless On - Chain Upgrades - ASC1: Smart contracts in Layer - 1 - Atomic Transfers : Secure transfers and immediate transaction settlement for multiparty transactions built in Layer - 1 - Algorand Standard Asset s (ASA): Native assets ( Layer - 1 ) with customizable options - Algorand Rekeying : Change private key without changing the public address. - Role Based Asset Control (RBAC): F lexible asset controls for bu siness In Developement: - Block finalization time from 4.5s to 2.5s - Pipelining: TPS from 1k to 46k - Started as a Ethereum Copy - Dual Chain (BC & BSC) - Binance Bridge - Cross - Chain Transfer - Uses Ethereum Architecture (EVM) - Wrapped Assets - Oracle (Chainlink) - Zk - Snarks In Developement: - Eth 2.0: Beacon Chain - Eth 2.0: Shard Chain - Layer 2 Rollups - Eth 2.0: End of POW - Tendermint BFT: Packages the networking and consensus layers of a blockchain into a generic engine with public or priv ate blockchains - Cosmos SDK: Modular write, launch and connect your own Blockchain - IBC Protocol (Interoperability): TCP/IP - like messaging protocol for blockchains - Application Blockchain Interface (ABCI) : Developers can develop on any language - Ethermint: P orts the Ethereum Virtual Machine into an SDK module - Every Hub/Zone has their own security - Shared security is optional - Avalanche Native Assets - Everything on Avalanche is a subnet, and every chain (term for VM instances) is part of a sub net. - Platform Chain & Contract Chain: S nowman consensus protocol - Exchange Chain : Avalanche consensus protocol - O racle (Chainlink) - L eaderless protocol (no leader, each validator is independently producing) - Avalanche - Ethereum Bridge ( AEB ) - Security is handled at the Subnet level - Shared security is optional - ERC - 20 Converter - Seamless On - Chain Upgrades - Hybrid Consensus Mechanism Grandpa/Babe - Blockchain Connector - 60s Finality between Parachains - 60m Finality between External Blockchains - Shared security is mandatory In Developement: - Smart Contracts (Parachains) - Bridged Parachains - Cross - Chain Messaging Protocol - Custom Blockchain Creation in Minutes - Parachains limited atm to about 100 Token Standards Native Assets FA1.2 , FA2, NYX Native Assets BEP - 20 , BEP - 721, BEP - 1155 ERC - 20, ERC - 721, ERC - 1155 Native Assets , ERC - 20, ERC - 721 - Applications 2 50 50 130 2200 70 90 50 Popular Stablecoins AgeUSD (Coming Q2) kUSD, USDS , USDtz (private TX) US DC , USD T , QCAD, BUSD USDT, USDC, DAI TUSD, DAI, USDT TUSD, DAI, USDT, BiLira aUSD Popular DeFi s Liqwid (Coming Q2) Kolibri, Dexter, SEXP (Coming Q1) Archax, Aikon Cudo Pancake, Venus, Dodo Uniswap, Aave, Synthethix Kava, Terra, Anchor, Band Protocol Pangolin, Zero.Exchange , JellySwap Reef , Curve (Migrating Q2) Popular NFT s Artano (Coming Q3) Kalamint, Opensea , Hicetnunc Otoy, Attestiv, Archax Juggerworld, Treasureland Flow, Enjin Coin , Mana, Opensea - Coming Q2 Bondly, Xen Popular Wallets Daedalus, Yoroi , AtomicWallet , Ledger Temple, TrustWallet , Kukai , Ledger MyAlgo, Exodus, Trustwallet , Ledger Metamask, TrustWallet , Ledger Metamask, TrustWallet , Ledger AtomicWallet, Lunagram, TrustWallet A valancheWa llet, Metamask , Ledger Polkawallet, TrustWallet , Ledger Noteworthy Own SC - language Plutus (Haskell) | Developer of NiPoPow | Developer of Marlowe Playground (create financial smart contracts without code) | Partner of 5 universities | 95+ research papers | Beefchain Tracability Solution Own SC - language: Michelson (OCaml) with focus on developer tooling like several high - level language compilers| P artner of universities | Tezos Foundation owns around $1.5 billion in Own SC - language: Transaction Execution Approval Language (TEAL) as well as PyTeal, a python language binding. Own SC - language Solidity Dedicated Stackexchange for Developers Security: Tendermint consensus is not only fault tolerant, it is also accountable. If the blockchain forks, there is a way to determine liability | Cosmos Hub CLI “Gaiad” Go Language, Solidity (EVM - compatible, both contracts and tooling) Kusama (KSM) is a „Testnet“ for Polkadot | First Parachain on Testnet : Plasm Network funds | KukaiWallet: Send to Twitter, Reddit and Google | Stackexchange Created by @Relaixo u/ Relaix