Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering Lionel Roucoules · Manuel Paredes · Benoit Eynard · Paz Morer Camo · Caterina Rizzi Editors Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing III Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Mechanics, Design Engineering & Advanced Manufacturing, JCM 2020, June 2–4, 2020 Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering Series Editors Francisco Cavas-Mart í nez, Departamento de Estructuras, Universidad Polit é cnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain Fakher Chaari, National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia Francesco Gherardini, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit à di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Mohamed Haddar, National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia Vitalii Ivanov, Department of Manufacturing Engineering Machine and Tools, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine Young W. Kwon, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Aerospace Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science, Monterey, CA, USA Justyna Trojanowska, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland Francesca di Mare, Inst of Energy Tech, Building IC-2/63, Ruhr-Universit ä t Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (LNME) publishes the latest develop- ments in Mechanical Engineering — quickly, informally and with high quality. Original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNME. Volumes published in LNME embrace all aspects, sub fi elds and new challenges of mechanical engineering. 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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11236 Lionel Roucoules • Manuel Paredes • Benoit Eynard • Paz Morer Camo • Caterina Rizzi Editors Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing III Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Mechanics, Design Engineering & Advanced Manufacturing, JCM 2020, June 2 – 4, 2020 123 Editors Lionel Roucoules Arts et M é tiers Institute Aix En Provence Cedex 1, France Benoit Eynard Universit é Technologie de Compi è gne Compiegne Cedex, France Caterina Rizzi Department of Management Information and Production Engineering University of Bergamo Bergamo, Italy Manuel Paredes INSA Toulouse Toulouse, France Paz Morer Camo Departamento de Mec á nica Universidad de Navarra San Sebasti á n - Donostia, Guip ú zcoa, Spain ISSN 2195-4356 ISSN 2195-4364 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ISBN 978-3-030-70565-7 ISBN 978-3-030-70566-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface It is my great pleasure to write this preface on the 10th International Joint Conference on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing (JCM 2020) proceedings. The pleasure is even more important regarding the current world situation that reminds us how important humans, societies and earth are. This situation unique, unexpected, unprecedented with no known solution has highlighted human behaviors and values face to the emergency. While advanced IT technologies are used as real support for collaboration and health equipment manufacturing, the world economy and society are strongly impacted. What can we learn from that situation? What can we learn to extend and imagine the future of our teaching and research activities? H2020 program and Industry 4.0 roadmap have been de fi ning our current research roadmap. It is now time to assess if these expectations have become reality or not. System, engineering, PLM, robotics, virtual and augmented reality, arti fi cial intelligence and sustainability are the current topics of scienti fi c conferences. The JCM 2020 proceedings presents 65 papers that present the maturity level of those technologies and organizations in the academic and industrial world. Nevertheless, we also have to think of what could be those topics in the next future and the next conferences. What could we expect for 2040? Other daily human behaviors, other industrial technologies or other industrial and world economy? What is the future world expected today by the young generation in the next 10, 20 or 30 years? From our side, how we can imagine academic activities, new curriculum, new syllabus, what could be new teaching modalities, what could be scienti fi c research to provide a result to society? We have, certainly, to think of new equilibriums between earth, human and technology. How frugality and technologies can be mixed and think together? How do we have to provide new engineering industrial technologies and services? How v do we have to think about human values and organizations? How do we have to think about environmental and planetary concerns? All those thoughts should be the next topic of future conferences in the academic world. Lionel Roucoules vi Preface Organization Committee JCM 2020 Members Conference Chair Lionel Roucoules Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Conference Program Chair Manuel Paredes Institut National des Sciences Appliqu é e Toulouse, France Conference Advisory Chairmen Beno î t Eynard Universit é de Technologie de Compi è gne, France Paz Morer-Camo Universidad de Navarra Tecnun, Spain Caterina Rizzi University of Bergamo, Department of Management, Informatio And Production Engineering, Italy Scienti fi c Committee Rita Ambu Universit à di Cagliari Antonio Boccaccio Politecnico di Bari Ileana Bodini Universit à di Brescia Yuri Borgianni Libera Universit à di Bolzano Francesco Buonamici Universit à di Firenze Rosaria Califano Universit à degli Studi di Salerno Marina Carulli Politecnico di Milano Daniel Chindamo Universit à di Brescia Filippo Cucinotta Universit à di Messina Luigi De Napoli Universit à della Calabria Claudio Favi Universit à di Parma vii Frizziero Leonardo Universit à di Bologna Marco Mandolini Universit à Politecnica delle Marche Giuseppe Marannano Universit à di Palermo Marco Marconi Universit à della Tuscia Domenico Marzullo Universit à degli Studi di Trieste Barbara Motyl Universit à di Udine Rocco Mozzillo Universit à degli Studi della Basilicata Paolo Neri Universit à di Pisa Pietro Piazzolla Politecnico di Torino Fabio Pini Universit à di Modena e Reggio Emilia Vito Ricotta Universit à di Palermo Gianpaolo Savio Universit à degli Studi di Padova Gaetano Sequenzia Universit à di Catania Domenico Speranza Universit à degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale Andrea Tarallo Universit à degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Davide Tumino Universit à degli studi di Enna Kore Andrea Vitali Universit à di Bergamo Elisabetta Zanetti Universit à di Perugia Fernando Aguilar Torres Universidad de Almer í a Francisco Cavas Martinez Universidad Polit é cnica de Cartagena Cristina Do ñ ate Univesidad de Ja é n Daniel Garcia Fernandez Pacheco Universidad Polit é cnica de Cartagena Cesar Garcia Hernandez Universidad de Zaragoza Mart í n Valent í n Gomez Jauregui Universidad de Cantabria Rafael Hidalgo Universidad de Cordoba Cristina Manchado Universidad de Cantabria Maria Luisa Martinez Muneta Universidad Polit é cnica de Madrid Rikardo Minguez Gabi ñ a Universidad del Pa í s Vasco Aguilar Ram ó n Miralbes Buil Universidad de Zaragoza David Ranz Universidad de Zaragoza Jos é Ignacio Rojas Sola Universidad de Ja é n Irene Sentana Gadea Universidad de Alicante Rojas Sola Egoitz Sierra Universidad del Pa í s Vasco Eneko Solaberrieta Universidad del Pa í s Vasco Nabil Anwer Universit é Paris-Saclay Alex Ballu Universit é de Bordeaux Richard Bearee Arts et M é tiers - Lille Alain Bernard Ecole Centrale Nantes Jean-Fran ç ois Boujut Grenoble INP S é bastien Campocasso Universit é de Toulon Vincent Cheutet INSA Lyon Alain Daidie INSA Toulouse Jean-Yves Dantan Arts et M é tiers - Metz viii Organization Committee JCM 2020 Members Emmanuel DUC SIGMA Clermont Benoit Eynard Universit é de technologie de Compi è gne Xavier Fisher ESTIA Bidart Pascal Lafon Universit é de technologie de Troyes Samir Lamouri Arts et M é tiers - Paris Yann Landon Universit é Paul Sabatier Toulouse Florent Laroche Ecole Centrale Nantes Julien Le Duigou Universit é de technologie de Compi è gne Fr é d é ric No ë l Grenoble INP Manuel Paredes INSA Toulouse Yann Quinsat Universit é Paris-Saclay Tatiana Reyes Universit é de technologie de Troyes Lionel Roucoules Arts et M é tiers - Aix-en-Provence Organizing Committee Grazyna Cauquil Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Nathalie Comte Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Fakhreddine Ababsa Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Richard Bearee Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Aline Cauvin Aix-Marseille University, France Jean-Remy Chardonnet Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Julien Gomand Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Nathalie Klement Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Adel Olabi Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Jean-Philippe Pernot Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Esma Yahia Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Arnaud Polette Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Pierre Garambois Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Florian Huet Arts et M é tiers Institute of Technology, France Organization Committee JCM 2020 Members ix Contents Manufacturing Engineering Designing Powder Metallurgy Process - The In fl uence of High Sintering Temperature on Dimensional and Geometrical Precision . . . . 3 Marco Zago, Ilaria Cristofolini, and Sasan Amirabdollahian Process Parameters Effect on Weld Beads Geometry Deposited by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Supasit Manokruang, Frederic Vignat, Matthieu Museau, and Maxime Limousin A Parametric Study of Additive Manufacturing Process: TA6V Laser Wire Metal Deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Valentine Cazaubon, Audrey Abi Akle, and Xavier Fischer Develop Model for Controlled Depth Milling by Abrasive Water Jet of Ti6Al4V at Jet Inclination Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Van-Hung Bui, Patrick Gilles, Guillaume Cohen, and Walter Rubio Simulation and Experimental Validation of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing for AlSi7Mg0.3 Chassis Parts in Low Pressure Die Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Alberto Vergnano, Umberto Bergamini, Daniele Bianchi, Paolo Veronesi, Roberto Spagnolo, and Francesco Leali In fl uence of the Hole Surface Integrity on the Fatigue Strength of an Aluminium Drilled Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Alexandra Lacombe, Yann Landon, Manuel Paredes, Cl é ment Chirol, and Audrey Benaben Cold Working Process on Hard Metal Stacked Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Guillaume Pichon, Alain Daidie, Adeline Fau, Cl é ment Chirol, and Audrey Benaben xi Numerical Simulation and Experimentation of Additive Manufacturing Processes with Polyurethane Foams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Elodie Paquet, S é bastien Le Loch, Benoit Furet, Alain Bernard, and S é bastien Garnier Analysis of Warpage Induced by Thick Copper Metal on Semiconductor Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Michele Calabretta, Alessandro Sitta, Salvatore Massimo Oliveri, and Gaetano Sequenzia Finite Element Modeling and Validation of Metal Deposition in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Akram Chergui, Nicolas Beraud, Fr é d é ric Vignat, and Fran ç ois Villeneuve Study of the Use of Sawdust and Mycelium Composite as a Substitute of EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 R. Miralbes, D. Ranz, and D. Zouzias Topology Optimization Design of Internal Reinforcements in a Sailing Dinghy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Antonio Mancuso, Antonio Saporito, and Davide Tumino State of the Art on Robust Design Methods for Additive Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Youssef Malyani, Myriam Orqu é ra, and Dominique Millet Topological Optimization of a Mechanical System with Adaptive Convergence Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Myriam Orquera, S é bastien Campocasso, and Dominique Millet Design for Additive Manufacturing of a Topology Optimized Brake Caliper Through CAD-Platform-Based Systematic Approach . . . . . . . . 92 Enrico Dalpadulo, Fabio Pini, and Francesco Leali Product and System Engineering Evaluation of the Effects Caused by Mandibular Advancement Devices Using a Numerical Simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Marco Mandolini, Manila Caragiuli, Daniele Landi, Antonio Gracco, Giovanni Bruno, Alberto De Stefani, and Alida Mazzoli Simulation of Dynamic Stresses on High Performance Engine Valve Spring System Considering Coil Clashing Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Michele Calabretta, Alessandro Sitta, Salvatore Massimo Oliveri, and Gaetano Sequenzia Thread Couplings Stress Analysis by Radial Basis Functions Mesh Morphing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Michele Cal ì , Salvatore Massimo Oliveri, and Marco Evangelos Biancolini xii Contents Computer-Aided Tolerancing Analysis of a High-Performance Car Engine Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Andrea Petruccioli, Francesco Gherardini, Davide Panari, and Francesco Leali Review of Product Design and Manufacturing Methods for Prosumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 L. Asi ó n-Su ñ er and I. L ó pez-Forni é s State of the Art for Evaluation of Inventive Design Solution Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Muhammad Irshad Yehya, Remy Houssin, Amadou Coulibaly, and Hicham Chibane Systemic Approach for Local Energy Mix Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Nathanael Dougier, Pierre Garambois, Julien Gomand, and Lionel Roucoules Towards a Better Understanding of Open Source Hardware Design Reuse in Company-Community Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Amer Ezoji, Romain Pinquie, and Jean Fran ç ois Boujut Comfort Driven Redesign: The Case of Library Chairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Rosaria Califano, Iolanda Fiorillo, Giovanni Baglivo, Claudia Chirico, Antonietta Dello Russo, Jose Garro, Michele Leo, Conrado Pacheco, Gianluca Vitolo, and Alessandro Naddeo Constraint Analysis and Optimization of NES System Based on Variable Pitch Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Zhenhang Wu, Manuel Paredes, and S é bastien Seguy Generative Design in the Transmission System of a Skateboard . . . . . . 169 Mikel Iturrate, Xabier Amezua, Xabier Garikano, Jose Antonio Oriozabala, I ñ aki Martin, and Eneko Solaberrieta Methodology of Product Sustainable Redesign. Case Study: Furniture of a Clothing Retail Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Natalia Mu ñ oz L ó pez, Jos é Luis Santolaya S á enz, and Anna Biedermann Enhanced Material-Driven Design Methodology: Luffa Cylindrica ’ s Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Alejandro Plumed, David Ranz, Ram ó n Miralbes, and Gustavo Vargas A Well-to-Wheel Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Between Full Electric and Traditional Petrol Engines in the European Context . . . . . 188 Filippo Cucinotta, Marcello Raffaele, and Fabio Salmeri Contents xiii Product Eco-Design in the Era of Circular Economy: Experiences in the Design of Espresso Coffee Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Claudio Favi, Marco Marconi, Marta Rossi, and Federica Cappelletti A Novel Procedure to Design a Positionable and Stable Drilling Template for Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Nicola Cappetti, Carmen Brancaccio, Francesca De Sio, and Carlotta Fontana Feature-Based Modelling of Laryngoscope Blades for Customized Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Michele Cal ì , Giulia Pascoletti, Alessandra Aldieri, Mara Terzini, Gerardo Catapano, and Elisabetta M. Zanetti CAD and Interaction Magnitude Finger Forces Analysis During Simulating Pseudo-Haptic Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Jingtao Chen, Peter Mitrouchev, Sabine Coquillart, and Franck Quaine Parametric Hull Design with Rational B é zier Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Antonio Mancuso, Antonio Saporito, and Davide Tumino A Framework for Curvature-Based CAD Mesh Partitioning . . . . . . . . . 228 Yifan Qie, Lihong Qiao, and Nabil Anwer A Topology Optimization Method for Stochastic Lattice Structures . . . . 235 Filippo Cucinotta, Marcello Raffaele, and Fabio Salmeri Generative Design for Additively Manufactured Textiles in Orthopaedic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 V. Ricotta, R. Ian Campbell, T. Ingrassia, and V. Nigrelli Modeling Symmetric Minimal Surfaces by Mesh Subdivision . . . . . . . . 249 Stefano Rosso, Andrea Curtarello, Federico Basana, Luca Grigolato, Roberto Meneghello, Gianmaria Concheri, and Gianpaolo Savio Analysis of the Accuracy of Reconstruction of a Human Cornea by Two Geometric Modelling Techniques: A Comparative Study . . . . . 255 F. J. F. Ca ñ avate, F. Cavas, J. S. Vel á zquez, J. M. Bolar í n, and J. L. Ali ó Customization of Kayak Paddle Grips by Using Reverse Engineering, Computer Aided Design and Additive Manufacturing Tools . . . . . . . . . 261 Eneko Solaberrieta, Xabier Amezua, Xabier Garikano, Mikel Iturrate, Jose Antonio Oriozabala, and I ñ aki Martin xiv Contents A Fast and Reliable Optical 3D Scanning System for Human Arm . . . . 268 Francesco Buonamici, Monica Carfagni, Luca Puggelli, Michaela Servi, and Yary Volpe Sensitivity Analysis for Simulated Annealing-Based Fitting of CAD Models to Point Clouds of Digitized Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Ghazanfar Ali Shah, Arnaud Polette, Jean-Philippe Pernot, Franca Giannini, and Marina Monti Digital Operative Guides for Helping First Responders in Public Buildings During Emergency Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Antonio Ruiz-Cartiel, C é sar Garc í a-Hern á ndez, and Pedro Ubieto-Artur Design and Optimization of a Photovoltaic Canopy for an Electric Vehicle Charging Station in Urban Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Dolores Parras-Burgos, Jes ú s Melgarejo-Teruel, Antonio Mateo-Aroca, Daniel G. Fern á ndez-Pacheco, Francisco J. F. Ca ñ avate, and Francisco L. S á ez-Guti é rrez Taking into Account Users ’ Perceptions in the Design Process: Principles to Create a Digital Design Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Renato Fonseca Livramento Da Silva, Angelina Dias Le ã o Costa, and Guillaume Thomann Proof of Concept Experience in the SPES Experiment: First Solutions for Potentiometers Replacement in System Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Diego Paderno, Ileana Bodini, Aldo Zenoni, Antonietta Donzella, Lisa Centofante, and Valerio Villa Human, Knowledge and Decision A New Smart Web Platform for Plastic Injection Molds in Industry 4.0 Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Cristina Martin-Do ñ ate, Sliman Shaikheleid, Abelardo Torres-Alba, and Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero Causality Learning Approach for Supervision in the Context of Industry 4.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Kenza Amzil, Esma Yahia, Nathalie Klement, and Lionel Roucoules Digitization of Operational Processes: Use Case of Standardization in an Assembly Learning Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Florian Magnani Enhanced Manufacturing Execution System “ MES ” Through a Smart Vision System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Chawki El Zant, Quentin Charrier, Khaled Benfriha, and Patrick Le Men Contents xv Design Rules Application in Manufacturing Industries: A State of the Art Survey and Proposal of a Context-Aware Approach . . . . . . . 335 Armand Huet, Romain Pinquie, Philippe Veron, Frederic Segonds, and Victor Fau Semantic Enrichment of 3D Models Based on Ontology Integration . . . 341 St é phane Nzetchou, Alexandre Durupt, Benoit Eynard, and S é bastien Remy Essential Issues to Consider for a Manufacturing Data Query System Based on Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Lise Kim, Esma Yahia, Fr é d é ric Segonds, Philippe Veron, and Victor Fau Design for Manufacturing and Assembly: A Method for Rules Classi fi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Claudio Favi, Marco Mandolini, Federico Campi, Paolo Cicconi, Roberto Raffaeli, and Michele Germani Education in Circular Economy: Focusing on Life Cycle Thinking at the University of the Basque Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Rikardo Minguez, Erlantz Lizundia, Maider Iturrondobeitia, Ortzi Akizu-Gardoki, and Estibaliz Saez-de-Camara Generation of Entrepreneurship Environments for New Product Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Cristina Martin-Do ñ ate, Ferm í n Lucena-Mu ñ oz, Lina Guadalupe Garc í a-Cabrera, and Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero Engaging in Product Development as Means to Understand the Basics of Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Sergio Rizzuti and Luigi De Napoli Investigating Students ’ Perception on the Outcomes of Technical Drawing University Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Barbara Motyl, Stefano Filippi, Gabriele Baronio, and Domenico Speranza Parametric Cost Modelling for Investment Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Marco Mandolini, Federico Campi, Claudio Favi, Paolo Cicconi, Michele Germani, and Roberto Raffaeli Initial Proposal for a General Systems Engineering Methodology to Early Design Phase Cost/Value Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 John Wilson, Th è cle Alix, Elise Gruhier, Nicolas Maranzana, Nicolas Perry, G é rard Magnin, Nicolas Parrod, R é my Servonnat, and Julien Tuery Industry 4.0 and Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Fr é d é ric Rosin, Pascal Forget, Samir Lamouri, and Robert Pellerin xvi Contents Multicriteria Decision Making Methods in Engineering Design: An Application on Medical Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Cristina Renzi and Francesco Leali Industry 4.0 and BIM: Do They Share the Same Objectives? . . . . . . . . 412 Laurent Joblot, Christophe Danjou, Robert Pellerin, and Samir Lamouri Smart Tightening Development for Aeronautical Bolted Assemblies in an Industry 4.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Charly Foissac, Alain Daidie, Stephane Segonds, and Cl é ment Chirol Optimization of Recon fi gurable Manufacturing Systems Con fi guration: A Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Rachel Campos Sabioni, Joanna Daaboul, and Julien Le Duigou Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Contents xvii Manufacturing Engineering Designing Powder Metallurgy Process - The Influence of High Sintering Temperature on Dimensional and Geometrical Precision Marco Zago ( B ) , Ilaria Cristofolini, and Sasan Amirabdollahian Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy marco.zago-1@unitn.it Abstract. The precision of parts produced by Powder Metallurgy (PM) strongly depends on the careful design of PM process parameters. Among them, high sin- tering temperature is generally considered as detrimental for dimensional and geo- metrical precision, and therefore neglected in industrial production. Nevertheless, high sintering temperature would strongly improve mechanical characteristics of PM parts, so that the real influence of high sintering temperature on dimensional and geometrical precision is of great interest for PM companies. This study inves- tigates the influence of sintering temperature (up to 1350 °C) on dimensional and geometrical precision of real parts. Dimensional changes on sintering and the effect of sintering temperature have been evaluated. Geometrical characteristics have been measured both in the green and in the sintered state, and the real influ- ence of sintering temperature has been highlighted. As a conclusion, it has been demonstrated that the larger shrinkage due to the high sintering temperature is not detrimental with respect to the dimensional precision, being it reliably predictable. Moreover, the influence on geometrical characteristics is unexpectedly low. The encouraging results of this study convinced the main PM companies in Europe to further investigate the influence of high sintering temperature, as partners in a Club Project within the European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). Keywords: Dimensional and geometrical precision · Product development · Precision engineering · Design for powder metallurgy · High temperature sintering process 1 Introduction Dimensional and geometrical precision is one of the most interesting characteristics of Powder Metallurgy (PM) parts, strongly depending on the proper design of the PM pro- cess parameters [1–3]. In the conventional press and sinter technology, the green parts are produced by cold compaction in rigid dies and sintered in controlled atmosphere. Dimensional and geometrical precision of green parts is generally very good and may get worse during sintering. Sintering temperature is one of the most critical variables, determining the shrinkage (or swelling) of green parts [4, 5]. On increasing sintering © The Author(s) 2021 L. Roucoules et al. (Eds.): JCM 2020, LNME, pp. 3–8, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4 _ 2 4 M. Zago et al. temperature, the larger shrinkage combined with the possible deformation of the parts due to the phenomena occurring at high temperature (creep, viscous flow, phase transfor- mation...) may negatively influence the dimensional and geometrical precision. On the other hand, the positive effect of high sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of porous steels, resulting from the enhanced densification and from the improvement of pore morphology, is well known [6–8]. Better understanding the real effect of high sin- tering temperature on dimensional and geometrical precision is consequently a priority for PM companies. This work investigates the influence of high and very high sintering temperature on the dimensional and geometrical precision of industrial Cr steel parts. Sintering temperatures are higher than those conventionally used in the industrial practice. The shrinkage of dimensions perpendicular and parallel to the compaction direction has been firstly evaluated, aiming at checking any anisotropy of dimensional changes, which is expected on the basis of previous work [1]. Geometrical characteristics in the green and sintered state have been also compared, aiming at distinguishing the influence of the different process steps. Aim of the work is demonstrating that high sintering temperature is not significantly detrimental for dimensional and geometrical precision. 2 Experimental Procedure The dimensions and the geometrical characteristics of the parts studied are shown in Fig. 1. From here on, the parts will be identified as Part 1, the smaller, and Part 2, the larger. Fig. 1. Parts studied. The parts were produced compacting a commercial water atomized iron powder pre-alloyed with 3%wt Cr and 1.5%wt Mo, to which 0.8%wt lubricant and 0.55%wt C (graphite) were added. Parts were compacted up to 7.0 g/cm 3 and sintered in vacuum furnace at four different sintering temperatures, higher than the standard ones (1200 °C, 1250 °C, 1300 °C, and 1350 °C). Due to confidentiality reasons, neither minor details nor exact dimensions are explic- itly reported. The two parts allowed investigating a broad range of dimensions (5 to