17. Paper & Board Generally speaking: Paper Below 200GSM Card / Board Above 200GSM 17. Paper Paper consists of fine vegetable fibres which are extracted from wood. Both coniferous (softwood trees) and deciduous (hardwood trees) can be used to provide the untreated material which is called wood pulp The most common material source to make paper from is wood. Wood pulp has numerous different chemicals added to it. This is done so the wood pulp can achieve the required texture and surface finish required to make paper. These fibres are made of cellulose. A tree is cut down and the trunk is fed into a chipping machine where it is cut into very small pieces. The wood chips are boiled in water to form a thick wood pulp Chemicals / ingredients such as starch and bonding agents are added. The pulp is poured over a fine mesh and the water escapes leaving the cellulose fibres behind. This forms the paper. STAGES OF PAPER MANUFACTURE 17. Board Board is a general term used to describe a whole range of paper based material such as cardboard, mounting board, corrugated board, etc. Board is thicker, heavier and more rigid than paper as it is made from several more layers of pulp than paper is. Very thick board is made by sticking sheets of paper or board together in a process known as laminating. Laminating paper-based board with other materials creates boards with different qualities. These are known as composite materials e.g. – cereal packets, egg cartons, orange juice cartons, etc. A good example is foil lined board this has foil on one side of the board and is used for fast food containers to keep moisture and heat in.. Paper and boards should be selected based upon the purpose for which they will be used. This could include: ● packaging ● drawing and sketching ● model making 17. Paper & Board - properties 17. Paper & Board - applications Key Fact: Recycled paper can not be used for food packaging, mainly due to the potential of harmful chemicals such as dyes, as these may lead to the formation of cancer Not food safe FOIL LINED BOARD - is good quality cardboard with a aluminium foil lining. This type of container is ideal for ready made meals or take away meals. The foil retains the heat and helps keep the food warm. DUPLEX BOARD - This is used for containers and can contain liquids as it may have a waterproof liner on the inside. It can have a wax feel. This type of card is used by the food industry and consequently recycled card is not used in its manufacture. INKJET CARD - A high quality paper, often used when a photograph is printed. The surface is normally gloss or matt, in texture. It is relatively expensive compared to cartridge or photocopying paper. 120 to 400gsm 17. Finishes to Paper & Board Papers and boards have been developed for a lot of different purposes. Paper and board can be: ● textured ● embossed ● printed on ● laminated with other materials to make them waterproof, eg drinks cartons Selection criteria could include: ● how easy it is to recycle ● how expensive it is ● what it will be used for ● if it has any special properties, eg better for printing, rigidity , transparency etc. 17. Finishes to Paper & Board Embossed Textured Laminated UV Spot Varnishing 17. How It’s Made Newspapers