Mahjong Ruleset 1 Mahjong Ruleset All 34 tiles, 4 variations of each tile so 136 types. Note: Wind tiles depicted in order. The order is different to typical NESW order. Dragon tiles have the order GRW Winning conditions: Note: See #Winning examples for a (somewhat) exhaustive list of yaku Have 4 sequences / triplets and 1 pair ready hand (tenpai): one piece missing for winning condition Mahjong Ruleset 2 Yaku Yakuhai triplets of white, green, red prevalent wind (in the center of board, e.g. for East2 → 3x 東 ) seat wind (e.g. playing 3x ⻄ if seat is ⻄ ) Tanyao no terminal tiles 1-man/9-man 1-pin/9-pin 1-sou/9-sou wind tiles dragon tiles Riichi get ready hand without ever calling chii, pon or kan Winning examples (Yaku) Riichi (menzenchin) (1 han) achieve tenpai, call riichi and win sometime afterwards can’t open hand during this Double Riichi (menzenchin) (2 han) same as normal riichi but must be tenpai on first turn riichi must be declared before any tiles are called Ippatsu (1 han) win on the same round after declaring riichi can’t be interrupted by other calls (chii, pon, etc.) Rinshan kaihou (1 han) win from the tile drawn from the dead wall after calling kan Haitei rao yue (incompatible: rinshan kaihou) (1 han) Mahjong Ruleset 3 win with the last tile from the wall Houtei rao yui (1 han) call ron on the last discarded tile All simples (tanyao) win a hand without terminal tiles Impure terminals (menzenchin: 2 han, open hand: 1 han) each meld / pair must contain a terminal tile or an honor tile must have at least one sequence must have at least 1 type of honor tile Pure terminals (menzenchin: 3 han, open hand: 2 han) each meld / pair must contain a terminal tile at least one terminal sequence All terminals & honors (2 han) hand contains only terminal & honor tiles must use both terminal and honor tiles All terminals hand contains only terminal tiles Fully concealed hand (menzenchin) (1 han) win by drawing the winning tile (tsumo ) Seat wind (1 han) win with triplet / quad of player wind (e.g. west seat player gets 3x ⻄ ) Prevalent wind (1 han) win with triplet / quad of round wind (e.g. for East2 → 3x 東 ) Dragons (1 han) win with triplet / quad of dragon tile (e.g. 3xW) Double wind (2 han) win with a triplet / quad of wind where it matches both seat wind and prevalence wind Mahjong Ruleset 4 Shousangen (2 han) win with two triplets / quads of dragon and have a pair of dragon Pinfu (no fu) (menzenchin) (incompatible: menzenchin tsumo) win with 4 sequences and one non-yakuhai pair (can’t be dragon, seat wind or round wind) (just check if fu = 20) cant wait for the center tile of a sequence (e.g.: can’t be 24 and wait for 3, instead must be 23 and wait for 1 or 4) → must be ryanmen wait (can also be three sided) Pure double sequence (menzenchin) (1 han) win with two identical sequences Pure double sequence pair (menzenchin) (incompatible: pure double sequence) (3 han) win such that there are two instances of two identical sequences (e.g. 112233sou, 112233pin) (there must be 2 different suits used for the sequences) (maybe not) Robbing a kan (chankan) (1 han) if someone makes an open kan, if a tile from the kan would complete one’s own tenpai, call ron and win Large straight (menzenchin: 2 han, open hand: 1 han) get 123456789 from any set (3 sequences of the same set) sequenece cannot be interrupted, except if using doubles forms a sequence Sanshoku (menzenchin: 2 han, open hand: 1 han) 3 sequences with 3 suits and same numbers (e.g.: 123sou, 123man, 123pin) Sanshokudoukou (2 han) 3 triplets / quads of the same number tile in 3 different suits Toitoi (2 han) every meld must be a triplet / quad Three concealed sets (2 han) Mahjong Ruleset 5 win with three closed sets cannot use discarded tiles, must be from wall only those three sets must be concealed Three quads (2 han) win with three quads of any kind Half flush (menzenchin: 3 han, open hand: 2 han) number tiles of only one suit + honor tiles Full flush (menzenchin: 6 han, open hand: 5 han) Only number tiles from one suit Seven pairs (2 han) (incompatible: pure double sequence, pure double sequence pair) win with seven pairs of different tiles all pairs must be different tiles (4444sou is not 2 pairs) (e.g.: 44sou, 22man, 99pin, 33man, 11sou, EE, GG) count fu is skipped. automatic 25 fu are awarded Nagashi Mangan (2000 BP, no fu / han counted) (BP seems wrong→8000) no tiles left in wall and noone declared a win yet a players discard pile has only terminal or honor tiles no other player called any of ones own discards Four closed sets (menzenchin) all four melds are closed sets if in set wait to complete the fourth set, must get last tile from the wall Four closed sets pair wait (menzenchin) all four melds are closed sets if in pair wait, can get last tile from wall or discards Four Quads win with four quads Big three dragons Mahjong Ruleset 6 one triplet / quad of each type of dragon tile Three little dragons two triplets / quads of dragons a pair of the last dragon type Four little winds hand must contain all types of wind three sets of wind plus one pair of wind Four big winds four sets of wind Only honors hand contains 4 sets and a pair of honor tiles Big seven stars have one of each of the honor tiles Perfect green all cards are green (must be sou or G) Nine gates (menzenchin) all tiles of the same suit 3x number 1 3x number 9 numbers 2345678 plus any duplicate of the same suit waits on the pair to complete (9-way wait) Pure nine gates same thing, but has a pair already and waits on the last single tile Thirteen orphans (menzenchin) one of each type of terminal (total 6) one of each type of honor (total 7) Mahjong Ruleset 7 one copy of any terminal or honor tile (works in conjunction with ron as well) Thirteen orphans 13-way wait (menzenchin) get all thirteen types of terminal / honor tiles wait on the last tile to form a pair (combines with any of the 13 tiles on hand) Tenhou the dealer wins on the very first 14 tiles received cannot steal cards / kan (rinshan kaihou) Chiihou a non-dealer wins on the very first 14 tiles received cannot steal cards / kan (rinshan kaihou) no player may call pon, chii or kan before the player’s first draw Calling Tiles Calling priority: Ron > Pon/Kan > chii Chii Last player discards a tile that can complete a sequence from hand Call chii, open the sequence, discard a tile from hand Pon Any player discards a tile that can complete a triplet from hand Call pon, open the triplet, discard a tile from hand Kan If you have a triplet and draw the fourth same tile Any player discards a tile that can complete a quad Closed quad doe does not open the hand if the completing tile was drawn from the wall instead of a players discarded tiles Ron Any player discards a tile that can complete the hand (which is in tenpai) Mahjong Ruleset 8 Call ron, open the hand and win the hand If the hand is closed at this point, calling ron and stealing it is still menzenchin Dora Total 5 dora cards. Each kan a new one is revealed Dora tiles point at: the same suit as the dora tile AND the next sequential after it ( wrapping around possible : if the dora tile is 北 , it wraps around and points at 東 ) e.g.: dora tile: 2-sou → dora effects apply to 3-sou sequence for dragon and wind tiles: GRW, ESWN Waiting patterns Two sided (Ryanmen) 1-4 2-5 3-6 4-7 5-8 6-9 Three sided (Sanmenchan) 1-4-7 2-5-8 3-6-9 these all wait for e.g. 1-4-7 but already have the middle tile, 4 Double pair wait sequence of 4 tiles (e.g.: 1,2,3,4) waiting for: first and last in sequence (e.g.: 1, 4) Scoring Mahjong Ruleset 9 Han Award han based on the yaku(s) that can apply to the hand (note incompatible yaku) When winning the hand, each tile towards which the dora tile points adds 1 han Add 1 han for each of the red cards (5man, 5pin, 5sou) If 3-Player: Kita means something- idk what Fu Winning a hand: +20 fu If winning hand’s last wait was pair wait / edge wait / closed (center) wait: +2 fu Two-sided waits (double pair wait is not one of them) / set waits don’t add fu If the hand’s pair is dragon or matches seat wind / prevalence wind: +2 fu Each set (triplet / quad) in hand: +2 fu if (also) closed: 2x if (also) terminal / honor: 2x if (also) quad: 4x If win off the wall (tsumo): +2 fu If ron: +10 fu for menzenchin +10 fu if not gained any fu from previous steps (still 20 fu) Round total up to next multiple of 10 Basic Points (if < 5 han) 3000 (if 6-7 han) 4000 (if 8-10 han) 6000 (if 11-12 han) 8000 (if 13+ han) Fu × 2 2+Han Mahjong Ruleset 10 Check a scoring table Playstyle Considerations Note: always keep in mind already played tiles: having 23sou and a 4sou kan is an edge wait (waiting only for 1sou ) Additionally: maybe a wait is in fact useless. Waiting in tenpai with 89sou for 7sou when another player has a 777sou triplet has a good chance for another player to have the last 7sou concealed. Prefer two-sided or three-sided waits over edge / closed (center) wait Note: similarly, prefer double set wait (e.g.: hand: 11sou + RR: waiting for 1sou or R) Discard tiles that are discarded a lot. They are unlikely to be drawn again since there are only 4 of each. ( Note: This does not apply to attempts at forming sequences) Do not discard a tile that could complete a kan for another player (? could be bad for the player calling kan too) A player (including oneself) opening a meld leaves less possibility to create a better hand later on Don’t always want to open the hand cause some yaku are menzenchin only Advanced: A player (including onesefl) opening a meld gives other players an idea of what other (concealed) tiles are on their hand Calling kan and revealing dora can improve one’s own hand but also the opponent’s (guess what they could have and decide then) End the game by calling the fourth kan if someone called 3 and might win Revisions What is furiten again? Why is Chiitoitsu “impossible to open”? 3-Player kita