BANGLADESH ECONOMIC REVIEW 2020 Finance Division, Ministry of Finance Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh October 2020 www.mof.gov.bd Printed by Bangladesh Government Press Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208. Preface 1. ‘Bangladesh Economic Review’ is a regular publication of the government. The review focuses on trends of the macro economy, various policies and strategies adopted by the government and sector-based development and progress of the economy. The review is placed before the parliament every year during the budget session along with other budget documents. As a result of the changed situation due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic , there has been some delay in publishing ‘Bangladesh Economic Review 2020’. 2. Over the past decade, Bangladesh's economy has stood on a strong footing. During this time, economic growth has increased on an average of 6.6 percent and crossed 8.0 percent in FY2018-19. This sustained achievement of Bangladesh's GDP growth has been praised worldwide. The coronavirus, which has emerged as a global pandemic, poses a major risk to the global economy. Its effects are already being observed in Bangladesh economy. There has been a negative growth in import and export trade in FY2019-20. However, the growth of remittance flow has been positive with 10.87 percent growth during the fiscal year. In addition, the current account deficit has narrowed during FY2019-20. Moreover, the surplus of the overall balance of the BOP significantly increased the foreign exchange reserves and as on 30 June 2020, it stood at US$ 36 billion. It has grown to a record US$ 40 billion in recent times. The exchange rate of Taka, especially the exchange rate of Taka with the US dollar, was stable. Inflation was also under control during this fiscal year due to good production in the agricultural sector and maintaining uninterrupted supply of commodities. 3. The adverse effects of the pandemic are expected to exceed the 2008-2009 global financial recession. The Hon'ble Prime Minister announced an incentive package of about 1.2 lakh crore taka to address the global crisis and keep the country's economy moving and bring it back on track. The incentive package announced is 4.3 percent of GDP . Some of the notable activities of this package are - to provide special funds for export oriented industries, provide working capital to affected industries and services sector enterprises and micro (including cottage industries), small and medium enterprises, increase the benefits of Export Development Fund, increase the coverage of social safety net, direct cash transfer to targeted people and creation of various funds for the agricultural sector. In addition to financial incentives, various measures have been taken to reduce import duty on COVID-19 related health and medical products and provide policy assistance to increase liquidity in the banking sector. Through implementation of this attractive and timely stimulus package, the government has been able to play a highly effective role in employment creation and safeguarding employment, stimulating domestic demand and keeping economic activities moving. As a result, the trend in the Bangladesh economy has started a turnaround towards the high growth trajectory. 4. The budget for FY2020-21 has been prepared keeping in view the strategies to meet the immediate needs that have arisen in the health sector of the country due to the impact of COVID-19 and to recover the losses that will be incurred in various sectors of the economy. To address the impact of COVID-19, funds have been allocated in the budget to meet the targets of each ministry and department. Revenue is being increased through the implementation of planned activities in tax management. Initiatives have been taken to further automate and digitize income tax, value added tax and customs departments to bring transparency in tax management. Online IT based value added tax system has already been introduced. As a result, traders will be able to pay VAT from home. Electronic Fiscal Devices (EFD) in business establishments to make VAT collection easy, transparent and hassle free. 5. The size of the budget and the Annual Development Program are gradually increasing. The size of the revised budget for FY2018-19 was Tk. 4,42,251 crore which increased by 13.4 percent to Tk. 5,01,577 crore in FY2019-20. In addition, the allocation for the revised ADP also increased by 15.5 percent to Tk. 1,92,921 crore in FY2019-20. The public financial management system has been updated to an international standard through the introduction of new Budget and Accounting Classification System (BACS). 6. The monetary policy is being implemented to keep inflation at a tolerable level. To maintain liquidity flow in the banking sector, the policy interest rate, intervention of Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR) has been reduced more than once. Initiatives have already been taken to rationalise the interest/profit rate of loans/investments in order to create an industry and business friendly environment. The Economist recently published a list of 66 emerging economies based on various financial sector indicators such as government debt-to- GDP ratio, foreign debt, debt expenditure and reserves. Bangladesh ranks ninth in the list. 7. Apart from economic development, Bangladesh has also made significant progress in the social sector. Bangladesh has been able to achieve the targets ahead of schedule related to hunger, poverty and health in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of the United Nations. The government is working relentlessly to tackle the Coronavirus pandemic, implement pledges made under the Awami League’s Election Manifesto of 2018, the 7th Five Year Plan (2015-2020), 2nd Perspective Plan (2021- 2041) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Preparation of the 8th Five Year Plan (2021-2025) is at the final stage. 8. I extend my appreciation to all officials of the Economic Adviser Wing of the Finance Division for their untiring efforts in preparing and publishing the document. In addition, I extend my sincere thanks to all the concerned ministries/divisions/agencies for their assistance in the preparation of the document by providing all the necessary information and data. I hope that the review will meet the expectations of researchers, planners, students and readers interested in the dynamics and progress of the country's economy. A H M Mustafa Kamal FCA, MP Minister Ministry of Finance Introduction The ‘Bangladesh Economic Review ’ is an annual publication of the government. It contains the overall macroeconomic scenario of the country and the up to date progress in socio- economic sectors. The review is placed before the Parliament during the budget session along with other budget documents. The publication of this year's Bangladesh Economic Review 2020 has been delayed due to the difficulty in collecting data from different government offices as a result of the long-running general holiday in response to the coronavirus pandemic. 2. The review consists of 15 chapters in 3 parts. The macroeconomic situation of the country is described in detail in the first part. This includes gross domestic production; consumption, savings and investment; prices, wages and employment; fiscal and monetary management and external sector in details. A detailed discussion of various sector-based issues is made in the second part. The productive sectors of the economy for instance agriculture, industry, power and energy, transport and communications have been described in this section. Discussion on state owned enterprises have also been included here. The last part details various initiatives and activities of the government on human resource development, poverty alleviation, private sector development and environment development and climate change as priority sectors. In addition, the review has 62 statistical appendices which make the review more informative. 3. Considering the fact that the review has been drafted amidst various difficulties during COVID-19 , it may contain some errors. All are requested to provide opinions/advices in order to correct the unwilling and unexpected errors and to improve the standard of the review. I hope that the review will be considered as an important and informative document for countless readers, researchers, policy makers and students. 4. Finally, I want to express my deep gratitude to all officials of the Economic Adviser’ s Wing of the Finance Division for their sincere endeavours to publish this document. I thank all concerned ministries/divisions/agencies for providing valuable data and information that has made this publication more comprehensive and informative. Abdur Rouf Talukder Senior Secretary Finance Division ׀ vii ׀ CONTENTS Chapter No. Page No. Chapter Preface Introduction ix-xii List of Tables xiii List of Figures xiv List of Boxes xv-xviii List of Statistical Appendices xix-xxxii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xxxiii-xxxiv Socio - Economic Indicators of Bangladesh xxxv-xliv Executive Summary Macro Section 1. 1-14 Macroeconomic Situation 2. 15-24 GDP, Savings and Investment 3. 25-40 Prices, Wages and Employment 4. 41-60 Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Management 5. 61-82 Monetary Management and Financial Market Development 6. 83-96 External Sector Sectoral Section 7. 97-112 Agriculture 8. 113-144 Industry 9. 145-150 State Owned Enterprises 10. 151-170 Power and Energy 11. 171-206 Transport and Communication Thrust Area Section 12. 207-230 Human Resource Development 13. 231-256 Poverty Alleviation 14. 257-274 Private Sector Development 15. 275-286 Environment, Climate Change and Development 16. 287- 384 Statistical Appendices Contributors ׀ viii ׀ ׀ ix ׀ LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1.1 Overview of the World Output Growth Projections 02 1.2 Medium Term Macroeconomic Framework, FY201 6 - 1 7 to FY202 2 - 2 3 : Key Indicators 1 4 2.1 GDP, GNI, Per Capita GDP and GNI at Current Market Prices 1 6 2.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Current Market Prices 1 6 2.3 Sectoral Growth Rate of GDP at Constant Prices (Base Year: 2015 - 06) 1 7 2.4 Sectoral Share of GDP at Constant Prices (Base Year: 2015 - 06) 20 2.5 Trend of Structural Transformation of Broad Sectoral Shares in GDP and Growth Rate at Constant Prices 21 2.6 Expenditure Based Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices 2 2 2.7 Consumption, Savings and Investment (As percent of GDP ) (Base Year:2005 - 06) 2 2 3.1 Consumer Price Index and Inflation (Base year 200 5 - 0 6) 2 6 3.2 Monthly Rate of I nfla tion (Point to point) during FY 201 8 - 1 9 (Base Year 2005 - 06 =100) 2 7 3.3 Wage Rate Index and Growth Rate (Base year 2010 - 11 =100) 2 7 3.4 Share of Employed Labour Force Above 15 years by Sector 2 8 3.5 Number of Expatriate Employees and Amount of R emittance 3 2 3.6 Remittance as Percent of GDP and Export Earnings 3 3 3.7 Number of Expatriates Classified by Skill 3 4 3.8 Number of Expatriate Bangladeshi Workers by Country 3 5 3.9 Country wise Remittances 3 7 4.1 Revenue Receipts 4 1 4.2 Item wise Revenue Collection 4 9 4.3 Public Expenditure 50 4.4 ADP Allocation , RADP A llocation and Expenditure 51 4.5 Sector wise Allocation of ADP 52 4.6 Domestic Resources in Financing ADP 5 4 4.7 Overall Budget Balance and Financing 55 4.8 Government Borrowing (net) from Domestic Sources 56 4.9 Flow of External Res ources 5 8 4.10 Budget at a Glance 60 5.1 Growth Trends of Monetary Aggregates (Year - on - Year Growth) 6 3 5.2 Movement and Growth of the Components of M2 and Domestic Credit 6 4 5.3 Components of Reserve Money and their Changes 6 6 5.4 Sources of Reserve Money and their Changes 6 6 5.5 Income Velocity of Money 6 7 5. 6 Structure of the Ban king System in Bangladesh 6 9 5. 7 Securities Trading Informa tion in Dhaka Stock Exchang e 7 9 5. 8 Securities Trading Informa tion in Ch attogram Stock Exchange 88 6.1 World Trade Volume (Percent Change) 8 4 6.2 Balance of Payments 8 5 6.3 Commodity - wise share of Export Earnings and Growth of Export Earnings 8 5 6.4 Country - wise Export Earnings 8 6 6.5 Commodity - wise Import Payment 8 7 6. 6 Country - wise Import Payments 8 7 6. 7 Weighted Average Exchange Rate (Taka per US D ) 8 8 6. 8 Foreign Exchange Position 8 8 6. 9 Tariff S tru cture from FY2000 - 01 to FY2019 - 20 91 ׀ x ׀ Table Title Page 6.1 0 MFN Unweighted Import Average 92 7.1 Food Grains Production 99 7.2 Seed Production and Distribution 101 7.3 Use of Chemical Fertilis er 101 7.4 Area U nder Irrigation 103 7.5 Year - wise Disbursement and Recovery of Agricultural Credit 104 7.6 Fish P roduction Trends in Different Res ources 106 7.7 Production Statistics of Carp Spawn/ Fingerlings from Hatcheries 107 7.8 Number of Livestock and Poultry Population in Bangladesh. 109 7.9 Production of Milk, Meat and Eggs 110 8.1 Volume and Growth Rate of Manufacturing Sector (At constant prices of 2005 - 06) 113 8.2 Quantum Index of Production for Medium to Large Scale Manu facturing Industries (Base 2005 - 06) 114 8.3 Disbursement of SME credit by Banks and NBFIs 115 8.4 Summary Information of SME Refinance Schemes 116 8. 4.A Refinancing to SMEs under Small Enterprise Refinance Scheme 117 8.4. B Summary Information on SME Refinancing from New Entrepreneurs Fund 118 8.4. C Summary Information on SME Refinancing from Islamic Shariah based Refinance Fund 118 8.4. D Summary Information on SME refinancing from IDA (EGBMP) Fund 119 8.4. E Summary Information on SME refinancing from SMESDP Fund 120 8.4. F Summary Information on SME refinancing from SMEDP Fund 120 8.5 Investment, Production and Employment of BSCIC Industrial Estates 123 8. 6 Yearly Investment, Production and Employment of BSCIC Industrial Estates 123 8.7 Delivery of Services of BSCIC 124 8.8 The Production, Demand, Sales and Import Statistics of Urea Fertiliser 125 8.9 Net Profit/Loss of BSEC Enterprises 127 8.10 Statement of Revenue Deposited by BSEC 127 8.11 The amount of Revenue Deposited in the Government Treasury in the last 10 years 129 8.12 year - wise yarn production 130 8.13 Production of Disease Free Laying (DFLs) Cocoon, Silk Yarn and Microcredit Disbursement 132 8.14 Zone wise Statistics of Industries Investment Export and Employment of EPZs 135 8.15 Product wise Enterprises Investment and Employment in EPZs 135 8.16 EPZ wise Investment and Export 136 8.17 Export of Drugs and Raw Mat e rials 138 8.18 Disbursement and Recovery of Industrial Loans 144 9.1 Non - Financial Public Enterprises 145 9.2 Growth Rate of Revenue, Value Addition and Production Income of Non - Financial SOEs 147 9.3 Government Grant/Subsidy 148 9.4 Profit Earned by the SOEs 149 10.1 Installed Capacity and Maximum Generation 153 10.2 Fuel Consumption by Public Sector Power Plants 154 10.3 Power Sector Development and Future Plan 154 10.4 Power Generation Projec ts(Under construction) 154 10. 5 Transmission System and Substation Infrastructure by PGCB 155 10. 6 Year - wise System Loss Statistics 157 10.7 Year wise Accounts Receivable 157 10. 8 Installation of Prepaid Meters 158 10. 9 Physical Target and Achievement of BREB 158 ׀ xi ׀ Table Title Page 10. 10 Status of Gas Production and Reserve 162 10.11 Production of Natural Gas and its Consumption by Sector 163 10.12 Sector wise Average Gas Demand Forecast (From 2019 - 2030) 164 10.13 Import of Crude Oil 165 10.14 Import of Refined Petroleum Products 166 10.15 Amount of Subsidy Given to BPC by the Government 166 11.1 Va r io u s Ca te go r ies of Roads und e r Roads a n d H i g h w a y s D e p a r t m e n t 172 11.2 Achievement in Transport Infrastructure Development under LGED 174 11.3 Revenue Target and Collection of BRTA 175 11.4 Revenue Target and Collection of BRTC 176 11.5 Time Bound Action Plan, 2030 of DMTCL 178 11.6 Description of the toll Collected from Bangabandhu Bridge 180 11.7 Overall Performance of Bangladesh Railway 184 11.8 I n c ome a n d Ex p e nd iture of BIW T A 185 11.9 Development and Maintenance Works of BIWTA 185 11.10 In c o m e a n d Ex p e nd iture Statement of BIWTC 186 11.11 I n c om e and Ex p e nd iture of CPA 187 11.12 I n c o m e , Ex p e nd iture and Profit/Loss of Mongla Port 188 11.13 I n c o m e a n d Ex p e nd iture of Bangladesh Land Port Authority 190 11.14 I n c ome and E x p e nd iture of the Department of Shipping 191 11.15 Statement of income - Expenditure and Profit - Loss of BSC 192 11.16 Financial Position of CAAB 194 11.17 Income and Expenditure of Biman 194 11.18 Subscriber Number, Growth and Tele Density of Mobile and Fixed Phone 195 11.19 Number of Subscribers of Different Mobile Operators (Up to January 2019) 195 11.20 Year wise Income and Expenditure of BTCL 196 11.21 Income and Expenditure of Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited 197 12.1 HDI Position of Bangladesh 208 12.2 Allocation ( Operating and Development ) of Selected Ministries 209 12.3 Boys - Girls Enrolment at Primary Level 210 12.4 Year wise Dropout Rate at Primary Level 210 12.5 Recent Trends in Health Indicators 217 12.6 Vaccination under EPI Program 218 12.7 Nutrition Status of Bangladesh 220 13.1 Trend of Income Poverty 232 13.2 Monthly Household Nominal Income, Expenditure and Consumption Expenditure by Residence 233 13.3 Percentage Distribution of Income Accruing to Households in Groups (Deciles) at National Level and Gini Co - Efficient 234 13.4 Decile Distribution of Consumption by Residence HIES 2016 and 2010 235 13.5 Division wise Incidence of Poverty (HCR) by CBN Method (in percentage) 235 13.6 Projection of Poverty Alleviation during 7 th Five Year Plan 236 13.7 Allocation Pattern of Social - Safety - net Programs and Social Empowerment 238 13.8 Disbursement of Loan by Karmasangsthan Bank 248 13.9 Status of Micro - Credit Progra ms of Major NGO 252 13.10 Microcredit Programs of Grameen Bank 253 13.11 Status of Micro - Credit disbursement of SOCBs and Public Specialised Band 253 13.1 2 Microcredit Programs of other commercial and Specialized Banks 254 13.13 Status of Microcredit of different Ministry/Division/Department 255 ׀ xii ׀ Table Title Page 14.1 FDI Inflow to Bangladesh by Components 259 14.2 Private Investment Proposals Registered with BIDA 260 14.3 Sector wise Distribution of Local Investment Projects 261 14.4 Registration of Foreign and Joint Venture Investment P rojects 262 14.5 Sources of the Foreign and Joint Ventures Projects 263 14.6 Fore ign Loan Approval from 2009 - 10 to 2018 - 19 (July - February) 265 14. 7 Recent trend in A pproval of Branch, Liaison and Representative Office (New and Extension) 266 14.8 List of PPP Funded Projects 268 14.9 Premium Income from Non Life Insurance Sector 273 14.10 Premium Income from Life Insurance Sector 274 15.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Top 10 Countries 276 ׀ xiii ׀ LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page 2.1 Broad Sectoral GDP Growth at Constant Prices 1 8 2.2 Share of three Major Sectors in the last more than three Decades at c onstant p rices 21 2.3 Trend of Investment, Domestic Savings and National Savings as percent of GDP 23 3.1 Rate of Inflation at National Level 2 6 3.2 Manpower Export and Remittance Inflow 3 3 3.3 Remittances as percent of GDP and Export Earnings 3 4 3.4 (a) Category wise Migration: 200 9 3 5 3.4 (b) Category wise Migration: 20 18 3 5 3.5 (a) Overseas Employment by Country in 200 9 3 6 3.5 (b) Overseas Employment by Country in 201 8 3 6 3.6 (a) Country wise remittance inflow in FY2008 - 09 3 7 3.6 (b) Country wise remittance inflow in FY2017 - 18 3 7 4.1 Revenue Receipts (2018 - 19) 4 2 4.2 Comparative Statement of Item wise Revenue C ollection (%) 49 4.3 Public Expenditure 50 4.4 Sector wise allocation of ADP 5 3 4.5 Overall Budget Balance and Financing 5 6 4.6 Government Borrowing from Domestic Sources 5 7 4.7 Flow of External Reso urces 5 8 5.1 Composition of Broad Money (Year - on - Year Percentage Changes) 6 4 5. 2 Percentage Share of the Components of Broad Money 6 5 5.3 Movement of M 2 a s percent age of GDP 6 8 5. 4 Weighted Average Lending and Deposit Interest Rates 6 8 5. 5 DSE Market Capitali s ation and Indices 80 5.6 CSE Market Capitali s ation and All Share Price Index 81 6.1 Trade Balance and Current Account Balance 8 4 6.2 Yearly Weighted Average Exc hange Rate 8 8 6. 3 Foreign Exchange Reserve 88 9.1 Financial Performance of SoEs 150 10.1 Installed Capacit y (By Fuel Type) 152 10. 2 Installed Capacit y (By Sector ) 152 10.3 Energy Generation (National) by Fuel 153 10.4 Energy Generation (National) by Sector 153 10.5 Power Import and Agency wise Distribution (2018 - 1 9 ) 156 10.6 Power Import and Agency wise Distribution (201 9 - 20 ) 156 10.7 Year wise System Loss Statistics 157 10.8 Year wise Accounts Receivable 157 10.9 Category - Wise Gas Consumption FY - 2016 - 17 164 10.10 Category - Wise Gas Consumption FY - 2017 - 18 (Up to Dec) 164 12.1 Trend of Government Allocation in the social Sector of Selected Ministries 208 14.1 Trend in FDI Inflow in Bangladesh (In million US$) 259 14. 2 Trend in Capital Machinery Import (In million US$) 260 14. 3 Sector wise Local Investment Projects Registered with BIDA in FY2018 - 19 261 14.4 Sector - wise Distribution of Foreign an d Joint Venture Projects in FY2018 - 19 262 14.5 Employment Opportunities by the BIDA - Registered Project 265 ׀ xiv ׀ LIST OF BOXES Box Title Page 4.1 Measures taken under Tax System for FY201 9 - 20 4 2 4.2 Important steps taken for Reform of VAT law and Rules 46 4.3 Measures under Customs duty Tax System in FY2017 - 18 4 7 4.4 Stimulus Package to address COVID - 19 and Economic Recovery 49 5.1 Implementation of Basel III 78 ׀ xv ׀ LIST OF STATISTICAL APPENDICES Appendix Title Page 1.1 Macroeco nomic Indicator: 2005 - 06 to 2011 - 1 2 2 87 1.2 Macroeconomic Indicator: 2012 - 13 to 20 19 - 20 288 1.3 Macroeconomic Indicator as Percent of GDP: 200 5 - 06 to 201 0 - 1 1 289 1.4 Macroeconomic Indicator as Percent of GDP: 2011 - 12 to 201 8 - 1 9 2 90 2.1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Current Prices 291 2.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Current Prices 292 3.1 Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices (Base Year: 2005 - 06) 293 3.2 Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices (Base Year: 2005 - 06) 294 4.1 Sectoral Growth Rate of GDP at constant prices (Base Year: 2005 - 06) 295 4.2 Sectoral Growth Rate of GDP at constant prices (Base Year: 2005 - 06) 296 5.1 Sectoral Share of GDP (%) at Constant Prices (Base Year: 2005 - 06) 297 5.2 Sectoral Share of GDP (%) at Constant Prices (Base Year: 2005 - 06) 298 6.1 Consumer Price Indices and Inflation (National) (Base Year: 1995 - 96=100) 299 6.2 Consumer Price Indices (All Urban) (Base Year: 1995 - 96=100) 299 6.3 Consumer Price Indices (All Rural) (Base Year: 1995 - 96=100) 299 7.1 Consumer Price Indices (National) (Base Year: 2005 - 06=100) 300 7.2 Consumer Price Indices (All Urban) (Base Year: 2005 - 06=100) 300 7.3 Consumer Price Indices (All Rural) (Base Year: 2005 - 06=100) 301 8 Consumer Price Indices (CPI) for Middle Class Families of Dhaka City (Base year: 1973 - 74=100) 301 9 Wholesale Price Indices of Agricultural and Industrial Products 302 10 Cost of Living Index of Industrial Workers of Narayanganj, Ch attogram and Khulna (Base: 1973 - 74=100) 302 11.1 Wage Rate Indices by Major Sectors (Base: 1969 - 70=100) 303 11.2 Wage Rate Indices and Growth Rate (Base: 2010 - 11=100) 303 12. 1 Production of Major Agricultural Crops and Acreage 304 12.2 Production of Major Agricultural Crops and Acreage 305 13.1 Area Under Irrigation (FY2004 - 05 to FY 2010 - 11 ) 306 13. 2 Area Under Irrigation (FY20011 - 12 to FY 20 19 - 20 ) 306 14.1 Use of Chemical Fertiliser (FY2004 - 05 to FY 2010 - 11 ) 307 14. 2 Use of Chemical Fertiliser (FY20011 - 12 to FY 2019 - 20 ) 307 15 Import of F ood Grains (FY1985 - 86 to FY 2019 - 20 ) 308 16 Year wise Disbursement and Recovery of Industrial Credit 309 17 Agricultural Credit Disbursement, Recovery and Outstanding 310 18. 1 Quantum Index of Industrial Production (Base: 2005 - 06=100) 311 18.2 Quantum Index of Industrial Production (Base: 2005 - 06=100) 312 19. 1 Production of Major Industrial Goods 313 19.2 Production of Major Industrial Goods 314 20.1 Production of State - owned Enterprises and their Financial Performance 315 20.2 Production of State - owned Enterprises and their Financial Performance 316 21. 1 Net Profit/Loss of State - owned Enterprises 317 21.2 Net Profit/Loss of State - owned Enterprises 318 ׀ xvi ׀ Appendix Title Page 22.1 Dividend Contribution of State - owned Enterprises to National Exchequer 319 22. 2 Dividend Contribution of State - owned Enterprises to National Exchequer 320 23 Debt Service Liabilities (DSL) outstanding position at a glance on 30 June 201 8 321 24 Amount of Outstanding and Cla ssified Loans for SOEs (As on 31 January 201 9 ) 324 25 Installed Capacity and Maximum Generation 325 26 Production of Natural Gas and its C onsumption by Sector 326 27 Route Kilometerage, Number of Engines and Coaches of Bangladesh Railway 327 28 Passenger and Freight Carried by Bangladesh Railway 328 29 Different Types of Roads under Roads & Highways Department 329 30.1 Number of Primary Schools, Student Enrolment and Number of Teachers in Govt. Primary Schools 330 30.2 Number of Primary Schools, Student Enrolment and Number of Teachers in Govt. Primary Schools 330 31.1 (a) Number of Secondary and Higher Secondary, Technical and Vocational and Religious Education Institution 331 31.1 (b) Number of Secondary and Higher Secondary, Technical and Vocational and Religious Education Institution 332 31.2 (a) Number of Student at Secondary and Higher Secondary, Technical and Vocational and Religious Education Institutions 333 31.2 (b) Number of Teachers at Secondary and Higher Secondary, Technical and Vocational and Religious Education Institutions 334 31.3 (a) Number of Student at Secondary and Higher Secondary, Technical and Vocational and Religious Education Institutions 335 31.3 (b) Number of Student at Secondary and Higher Secondary, Technical and Vocational and Religious Education Institutions 336 32.1 Number of Educational Institutions at Higher Education Level 337 32.2 (a) Number of Teachers at Higher Education Level Institutions 338 32.2(b) Number of Teachers at Higher Education Level Institutions 339 32.3 (a) Number of Students at Higher Education Level Institutions 340 32.3(b) Number of Students at Higher Education Level Institutions 341 33 Number of Government Hospitals, Dispensaries, Doctors, Nurses and Beds 342 34 Demographic Statistics 343 35.1 Revenue Budget (Revenue Receipts: 1987 - 88 to 1996 - 97) 344 35.2 Revenue Budget (Revenue Receipts: 1997 - 98 to 2004 - 05) 345 35.3 Revenue Budget (R evenue Receipts: 2005 - 06 to 2011 - 12 ) 346 35.4 Revenue Budget (Revenue Receipts: 2012 - 13 to 20 19 - 20 ) 347 35.5 Revenue Budget (Revenue Expenditure: 1987 - 88 to 1996 - 97) 348 35.6 Revenue Budget (Non - development Expenditure: 1997 - 98 to 2004 - 05) 349 35.7 Revenue Budget (Non - developm ent Expenditure: 2005 - 06 to 2011 - 12 ) 350 35.8 Revenue Budget (N on - development Expenditure: 2012 - 13 to 20 19 - 20 ) 351 36 Rev ised Annual Development Program (Allocation and Expenditure) 352 37.1 Sector wise Revised ADP Allocation (FY1998 - 99 to FY2004 - 05) 353 37.2 Sector wise Revised ADP Allocation (FY2005 - 06 to FY2012 - 13 ) 353 37.3 Sector wise Revised ADP Allocation (FY2013 - 14 to FY20 19 - 20 ) 3 54 38.1 Sector wise Revised ADP Expenditure (FY1998 - 99 to FY2004 - 05) 3 54 38.2 Sector wise Revised ADP Expenditure (FY2005 - 06 to FY2010 - 11) 355 38.3 Sector wise Revised ADP Expenditure (FY2011 - 12 to FY201 8 - 1 9 ) 355 ׀ xvii ׀ Appendix Title Page 39.1 Economic Classification of Revenue Expenditure (1989 - 90 to 1996 - 97) 356 39.2 Economic Classification of Non - Development Expenditure ( 1997 - 98 to 2002 - 03) 357 39.3 Economic Classification of Non - Developm ent Expenditure (2003 - 04 to 2010 - 11 ) 358 39.4 Economic Classification of N on - Development Expenditure (2011 - 12 to 201 9 - 20 ) 359 40 Money Supply and its Components 360 41.1 Bank Advances Classified by Economic Purposes (June 2005 to June 2 012 ) 361 41.2 Bank Advances Classified b y Economic Purposes (June 2013 to December 2 018 ) 361 42.1 Bank Advan ces Classified by Sectors (June 2005 to June 2012 ) 362 42.2 Bank Advances Classified by Sectors ( June 2012 to December 2 01 9 ) 362 43 Domestic Credit through Banking System 363 44.1 Bank Deposits 364 44. 2 Bank Deposits 3 65 45 Monetary Survey 3 66 46 Terms of Trade 367 47 Average Nominal Exchange Rate 367 48.1 Real Effective Exchange Rate - REER Index, 1994 - 95=100 (11 Currency Basket) 368 48.2 Real Effective Exchange Rate - REER Index, 2000 - 01=100 (8 Currency Basket) 368 48.3 Real Effective Exchange Rate - REER Index, 2000 - 01=100 (10 Currency Basket) 368 48.4 Real Effective Exchange Rate - REER Index, 2014 - 15=100 (15 Currency Basket) 368 48.5 Real Effectiv e Exchange Rate - REER Index, 2015 - 16 =100 (15 Currency Basket) 368 49.1 Value of Exports by Major Commodities 369 49.2 Value of Exports by Major Commodities 370 50 Country wise Export 371 51.1 Value of Imports by Major Commodities (FY2005 - 06 to FY2011 - 12 ) 372 51.2 Value of Impo rts by Major Commodities (FY2012 - 13 to FY20 19 - 20 ) 372 52 Country wise Import 373 53 Overseas Employment and Remittances 374 54 Country wise Remittances 375 55.1 Balanc e of Payments (FY2002 - 03 to FY 2009 - 10) 376 55.2 Balance of Pa yments (FY2010 - 11 to FY20 19 - 20 ) 377 56 Foreign Exchange Reserves 378 57 Commitment and Disbursement of Foreign Economic Assistance 378 58 Foreign Debt Service Payment 379 59 External Debt Outstanding 380 60.1 Foreign Assistance by Source 381 60.2 Foreign Assistance by Source 382 61.1 Foreign Assistance Disbursement by Economic Sector 383 61. 2 Foreign Assistance Disbursement by Economic Sector 383 62 Size, Actual Expenditure and Growth Rate of GDP of Past Plan (Respective Base Year Price) 384 ׀ xviii ׀ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACCRONYMS ACU Asian Clearing Union ADB Asian Development Bank ADP Annual Development Program ADs Authorised Dealers ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AH Asian Highway AI Artificial Insemination AICC Agriculture Information and Communication Centre AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome AIS Agriculture Information Service ALM Asset - Liability Management AML Anti - Money Laundering APA Annual Performance Agreement API Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient APO Asian Productivity Organisation APG Asia Pacific Group APTA Asia Pacific Trade Agreement AQI Air Quality Index ARI Accident Research Institue ATM Automated Teller Machine BAB Bangladesh Accreditation Board BACH Bangladesh Automated Clearing House BAPARD Bang abandhu Academy for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development BADC Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation BAERA Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority BAEC Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission BANBEIS Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics BAPEX Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration and Production Company Ltd BB Bangladesh Bank BBA Bangladesh Bridges Authority BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BCBS Basel Committee on Banking Supervision BCC Bangladesh Computer Council BCCRF Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BCCTF Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund Bcf Billion Cubic Feet BCIC Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation BDBL Bangladesh Development Bank Limited ׀ x ix ׀ BDHS Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey BdREN Bangladesh Research and Education Network BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery BDT Bangladesh Taka BEmOC Basic Emergency Obstetric Care BEPZ Bangladesh Export Promotion Zone BEPZA Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority BERC Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission BEZA Bangladesh Economic Zone Authority BFDC Bangladesh Film Development Corporation BFIDC Bangladesh Forest Industries Development Corporation BFIU Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit BFSA Bangladesh Food Safety Authority BREN Bangladesh Research and Education Network. BGMEA Bangladesh Garments Manufactures and Exporters Association BHB Bangladesh Handloom Board BIDA Bangladesh Investment Development Authority BIM Bangladesh Institute of Management BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi - Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation BIRTAN Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition BITAC Bangladesh Industrial Technical Assistance Centre BIWTA Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority BIWTC Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation BJC Bangladesh Jute Corporation BJMC Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation BLPA Bangladesh Land Port Authority BMD Bureau of Mineral Development BoPV Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine BMET Bangladesh Manpower Employment and Training BMDA Barind Multipurpose Development Authority BPL Broncho Pulmonary Lavage BMKT B ang l a d esh M u ktij odd h a K a ly a n T r u s t BMS Bachelor of Maritime Science BNEA Bangladesh National Enterprise Architecture BNH Bangladesh National Herbarium BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOGMC Bangladesh Oil, Gas & Mineral Resources Corporation BOI Board of Investment BoP Balance of Payments BOT Build Operate Transfer BPC Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation BPC Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation ׀ xx ׀