~ 1 ~ ِ بِسْ م ِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْم ُ إِنَّما يُرِيد ٱ ُ َّ لل ُ لِيُذْ هِبعنكُم ٱ لرَِّجْس أهْل ٱ ِ لْبيْت ويُطهَِّركُم ْ تطْ هِيرًۭا اللہتو یہی چاہتاہےاےنبی کےگھروالوکہتمسےہرناناکی دورفرمادےاورتمہیں ناککرکےخوبستھراکردے ۔ ( کنزالایما ن ) الحسن والحسين سيدا شباب أهل الجنة ( الحدي ث) ترجمہ:’’حسناورحسین جنتی جوانوںکےسردارہی ۔‘‘(ترمذي،حد ی : 3768 ) BOOK NAME : LESSO N OF MUHARRAM UL HARAAM CO MPLIED BY: MOULANA AHMAD RAZA SAQUAFI PROOF READING: MOULANA AJMAL RAZA MISBAHI PUBLISH BY : MORMUGAO SUNNI FEDERATION ~ 2 ~ Waqia Karbala Ki Tareekh 1. Pas Manzar (Background) : 60 Hijri mein Hazrat Muawiyah (R.A) ki wafaat ke baad unke bete Yazeed bin Muawiyah ko khalifa banaya gaya. Yazeed ke baare mein sab log jaante thay ke wo nafrat, sharab, zulm aur ghalat kaamon mein mashghool tha. Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A) ne Yazeed ki bayat (itaat) se inkaar kar diya, kyunke wo nafrat aur zulm ke khilaf thay. (Hawala: Ibn e Kaseer – Al Bidaya wan Nihaya, Jild 8, Safha 152, Tarikh e Tabari – Jild 4, Safha 262) 2. Kufiyo Ka Dawat Nama (Invitation from Kufa) : Logon ne Kufa se Imam Hussain (R.A) ko sau (100) se zyada khat (letter) bheje aur kaha ke "Aap aa jaaiye, hum aapko apna leader banayenge." Imam Hussain (R.A) ne pehle Muslim bin Aqeel ko bheja ke wo dekh kar batayein ke log sach keh rahe hain ya nahi. ( Hawala: Tarikh e Tabari, Jild 4, Safha 265 ) 3. Muslim bin Aqeel Ki Shahadat : Kufiyo ne pehle Muslim bin Aqeel ko support kiya, lekin phir jab Ibn e Ziyad wahan aaya to us ne dhamki y an de kar sab ko daraya. Log Muslim bin Aqeel ka saath chhod gaye. Aakhir mein unhein qatal kar diya gaya (9 Zul Hijjah 60 Hijri). ( Hawala: Ibn Kaseer – Jild 8, Safha 166 ) 4. Imam Hussain (R.A) Ka Safar : Imam Hussain (R.A) ko rasta mein pata chala ke Muslim bin Aqeel shaheed ho chuke hain. Lekin unhone safar nahi roka. Unhone farmaya: "Main zulm ke khilaf aur ummat ki islaah ke liye nikal raha hoon." ( Hawala: Al Bidaya wan Nihaya, Jild 8, Safha 170 ) 5. Karbalā Me Pahunchna (2 Muharram 61 Hijri) : Imam Hussain (R.A) ne 2 Muharram 61 Hijri ko Karbala mein apna qiyam kiya. Umar bin Saad ko Ibn Ziyad ne 4000 ka lashkar de kar bheja aur kaha: "Hussain ko Yazeed ki bayat par majboor karo, warna jang karo." Fir un par 7 Muharram se paani band kar diya gaya. ( Hawala: Tabari – Jild 4, Safha 310 ) 6. 10 Muharram – Yawm e Aashura : ~ 3 ~ Imam Hussain (R.A) ne fajar ki namaz ke baad sab ko akhri naseehat ki. Unke sathiyon ne ek ek kar ke jang ki – jaise ke: Hazrat Ali Akbar (R.A) , Hazrat Qasim bin Hasan (R.A) , Hazrat Abbas bin Ali (R.A) aur sab ahle bait , Sab shaheed ho gaye. ( Hawala: Ibn Jawzi – Tazkirat ul Khawas, Safha 230 ) 7. Shahadat e Imam Hussain (R.A) : Aakhir mein Imam Hussain (R.A) tanha reh gaye. Unhone jang ki, sabr ki misaal di, aur akhir mein Shimar naami shakhs ne unhe shaheed kar diya. Aap ki umr us waqt 57 saal thi. ( Hawala: Al Bidaya wan Nihaya, Jild 8, Safha 200 , Tabari – Jild 4, Safha 325 ) 8. Ahle Bait Ki Qaid Aur Koo f a wa Shaam Ka Safar : Yazeed ke faujiyon ne aurton aur bachon ko qaid kiya, aur unhein Kufa aur phir Shaam (Damascus) bhej diya. Wahan Hazrat Zainab (R.A) ne Yazeed ke darbar mein aisi jura ’ at se khutba diya ke sab log hairan reh gaye. Aur yazeed ka raaz faash hua aur uski buraayi sabke saamne aayi. ( Hawala: Ibn Aseer – Jild 4, Safha 80 , Imam Suyuti – Tareekh ul Khulafa, Safha 209 ) Waqia Karbala Se Hasil Hone Wale Asbaaq Moharram - ul - Haram sirf Islami saal ka aghaaz nahi balki ye ek roohani tazgi ka waqt hai. Ye humein yaad dilata hai ke Islam sirf aqeede ka naam nahi, balke qurbani, wafadari, sabr aur haq ke liye khade hone ka paighaam hai. Jab hum Moharram ke chand dino ka ghor se jaiza lete hain, to humein sabse roshan misaal Karbala ki milti hai. Imam Hussain (RA) ne humein yeh sabak diya ke Haq ke liye chahe sab kuch qurban karna paday, lekin jhukna nahi chahiye. Unhone duniya ke aage sir f is liye nahi jhukaya ke unke paas kuch nahi tha — balke is liye ke unke paas sabr, yaqeen aur Allah se wafa thi. Aaj jab hum Karbala ko yaad karte hain, to ye sirf gham ka izhaar nahi hona chahiye, balke ye waqt hai apne zameer ko jagaane ka. Humein yeh samajhna chahiye ke har daur ka ek Yazid hota hai — kabhi jhoot, kabhi nafrat, kabhi zulm, kabhi khamoshi ki shakal mein. Aur har daur ko ek Hussain chahiye — jo sach bolay, zulm ke khilaf khada ho, aur haq ke liye sabr kare. Moharram ka sabak ye bhi hai ke hamare jazbaat sirf shor sharabe tak mehdood na hon. Naazuk lamhon mein, jab log sirf tamasha dekh rahe hote hain, Hussaini banne ka matlab hai ke hum sachai ka saath dein — chahe log rooth jayein, chahe duniya khilaf ho jay e. ~ 4 ~ Aaj ke daur mein Moharram humein yeh dars deta hai ke: Humein apne andar haq o sach ke liye jurrat paida karni chahiye. Zindagi mein sabr aur tawakkul ko apnana chahiye. Har faislay mein Allah ki raza aur deen ke usool ko madde nazar rakhna chahiye. Ahl - e - Bait aur Sahaba ki mohabbat, izzat aur unki sunnat ko zindagi ka hissa banana chahiye. Aakhir mein, Moharram ek azeem peghaam hai — nafrat ke is daur mein mohabbat ka, khauf ke daur mein hosle ka, aur khamoshi ke daur mein sach bolne ka. Agar hum chahein, to Har Moharram humein ek nayi zindagi aur behtar insaan banne ka moqa de sakta hai. Muharram - ul - Haram Mein Jahilana Rasoomat , Masaail Aur Hal 1. Muharram - ul - Haram Mein Na - jaiz Rasoomat: Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Rahmatullah Alaih farmate hain ke Muharram - ul - Haram ke ibtidaai 10 dino mein roti na pakana, ghar mein jhaadoo na dena, purane kapre na utaarna (yaani saaf suthre kapre na pehnna), siwaaye Imam Hasan o Hus sain Radi Allahu Anhuma ke kisi aur ki fateha na dena aur mehndi nikaalna, ye tamaam baatein jahalat (ignorance) par mabni hain. ( Fatawa Rizwiyah Jadeed, safha 488, jild 24) 2. Muharram - ul - Haram Mein Teen Rang ke Libas Na Pehne Jayein: Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Rahmatullah Alaih farmate hain ke Muharram - ul - Haram mein (khaas tor par 1 se 10 Muharram tak) teen rang ke libaas na pehne jayein: - Sabz rang ka libaas na pehna jaye ke ye ta’ziya - daaron (those who make/process ta’ziya) ka tareeqa hai. - Laal rang ka libaas na pehna jaye ke ye Ahl - e - Bait se adawat (dushmani) rakhne walon ka tareeqa hai. - Kaale kapre na pehne jayein ke ye Rafziyon (Shia firqa ke extreme log) ka tareeqa hai. Lihaza Musalmanon ko is se bachna chahiye. (“Ahkaam - e - Shariat” - “Fatawa Rizwiyah” Jild 24, Safha 496) ~ 5 ~ 3.Dushmanan - e - Sahaba Ki Majalis Mein Jana: Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Shah Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Alaihir Rahmah farmate hain ke Rafzion (dushmanan - e - sahaba) ki majlis mein Musalmanon ka jana aur marsiya (noha) sunna haraam hai. Un ki niyaz ki cheez na li jaye, un ki niyaz, niyaz nahi aur wo ghali ban (zyadah tar) najasat (impure) se khaali nahi hoti. Kam az kam un ke naapaak qaleelein (kam pani) ka pani zarur hota hai aur wo haazri sakht mal’oon (laanat wali) hai aur us mein shirkat mojaib - e - la’nat (laanat ka sabab) hai. (Fatawa Rizwiyah Jadeed, Jild 23, Safha 756) 4. Ta’ziya Banana Kaisa? Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddis - e - Bareilly Alaihir Rahmah farmate hain ke Ta’ziya banana bid’at (innovation) aur na - jaiz hai. (Fatawa Rizwiyah Jadeed, Jild 24, Safha 501) 5. Ta’ziya Daari Mein Tamasha Dekhna Kaisa? Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddis - e - Bareilly Alaihir Rahmah farmate hain ke chunanche Ta’ziya banana na - jaiz hai, lihaza na - jaiz baat ka tamasha dekhna bhi na - jaiz hai. (Malfoozat Shareef, Safha 286) 6. Ta’ziya Par Mannat Maanna Kaisa? Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddis - e - Bareilly Alaihir Rahmah farmate hain ke Ta’ziya par mannat maanna baatil (galat/invalid) aur na - jaiz hai. (Fatawa Rizwiyah Jadeed, Jild 24, Safha 501) 7. Ta’ziya Par Charhaawa Charhana Aur Uska Khana Kaisa? Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddis - e - Bareilly Alaihir Rahmah farmate hain ke Ta’ziya par charhaawa charhana na - jaiz hai aur phir us charhawe ko khana bhi na - jaiz hai. (Fatawa Rizwiyah, Jild 21, Safha 246) 8. Muharram - ul - Haram Ke Mahine Mein Nikah Karne Ka Hukm: Muharram - ul - Haram ke mahine mein nikah karna jaiz o durust hai, shar’an koi mana nahi hai. Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Shah Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Alaihir Rahmah Fatawa Rizwiyah Shareef mein is tarah ke sawaal ke jawab mein irshaad farmate hain: “Nikah kisi mahine mein mana nahi.” ~ 6 ~ (Jild 11, Safha 266, Kitaab - un - Nikah, Fatawa Rizwiyah) 9. Muharram Ke Mahine Mein Apne Marhoomeen Ya Dusron Ki Fateha Dena Kaisa: Aam dino ki tarah Muharram - ul - Haram ke mahine mein bhi Shuhada - e - Karbala aur unke ilawa kisi Musalmaan ke eisaal - e - sawaab ke liye fateha dila sakte hain, is mein kuch harj nahi. Aam logon mein jo ye mashhoor hai ke Muharram mein Shuhada - e - Karbala ke siwa k isi ki fateha nahi di ja sakti, ye bilkul ghalat aur shari’at - e - mutahhara par iftira (jhoot) hai. Chunanche Sadr - us - Shari’ah Badr - ut - Tariqah Mufti Muhammad Amjad Ali Aazmi Rahmatullah Alaih farmate hain: “Baaz jahilon mein mashhoor hai ke Muharram mein siwaaye Shuhada - e - Karbala ke doosron ki fateha na dilai jaye, unka ye khayaal ghalat hai, jis tarah doosre dino mein sab ki fateha ho sakti hai, in dino mein bhi ho sakti hai.” (Bahar - e - Shari’at, Jild 3, Safha 644, Maktaba - tul - Madina, Karachi) 10. Muharram - ul - Haram Mein Bachon Ko Faqeer Banana: Aala Hazrat Imam Ahl - e - Sunnat Shah Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Bareilvi Alaihir Rahmah ne ek sawaal ke jawab mein Muharram - ul - Haram mein Imam - e - Aali Maqam ke naam ka faqeer ban kar bheek maangna ya apne bachon ko faqeer bana kar bheek mangaana bhi na - jaiz o haraa m qarar diya hai. (Fatawa Rizwiyah, Jild 24, Safha 102) 11. Hurmat Wale Mahine Muharram - ul - Haram Mein Payi Jane Wali Khurafaat (bey - sir - pair ki rasoomat) o Bid’aat (naye kaam): Jo is maah - e - muqaddas ki na sirf bey - hurmat karte hain balki Islami aqdar ka khul kar mazaak bhi udaate hain. Shahada - e - Islam khaaskar Shuhada - e - Karbala ki yaad manane ke bahane aise ghair - shar’i (na - jaiz) kaam kiye jaate hain jo Islami taleemaat ke khilaf hain. Inmein se chand ye hain: Ta’ziyon ko maatam karte hue gali gali phirana , Ta’ziyon ke samne sajda karna , Bachon ko Muharram ka faqeer bana kar bheek mangaana , Maal ko zaya karna, bartan phorna Aise hi: 10 Muharram ko ghar mein khana pakane ko ma’yoob (bura) samajhna , Khud ko faqeer bana kar bheek mangaana , Maatam karna, nohay padhna, rona peetna , ~ 7 ~ Soag ke tor par siyah (kaale) kapre pehna , Naye kapre ko bura samajhna , Naachna, koodna, raqs (dance) karna , Mard o aurat ka aik saath majalis mein baithna , Jhootay waqiaat bayan karna , Jhooti mannaten maanna, Imam Qasim ki mehndi nikaalna , Fazool kaamon mein lag kar namazein chhod dena , Hazrat Ali, Hasanain Karimain ya dusre buzurgon ki tasveer banana, un ka ihtiraam karna, unhein haqeeqat ka rang dena , Muharram - ul - Haram mein shaadi byah aur dusri taqreebaat ko manaa o bais - e - nahusat (badshaguni) samajhna , Halaanke kuch riwayat ke mutabiq Hazrat Ali aur Sayyida Fatima Zahra Radi Allahu Anhuma ka nikah Muharram - ul - Haram mein hi hua tha. Mazkoora khurafaat o bid’aat ya is tarah ki aur rasoomat jo Musalmanon mein raaij hain sab na - jaiz o mamnoo hain. In se bachna har surat laazim hai. Kahin aisa na ho ke ye khurafaat hamari duniya aur aakhirat ki barbaadi ka sabab ban jayein aur humein ilm bhi na ho. Muharram - ul - Haram ke hawale se jin farsudah rasoomat o tohummat (be - bunyad aqeeday) ko bayan kiya gaya, Allah Paak humein in se koson door rakhe aur Shuhada - e - Karbala ke naqsh - e - qadam par chalne ki taufeeq ata farmaaye. Aameen summa aameen, ya Rabb al - Aalameen. Muharram - ul - Haram Kaise Guzara Jaye – Ek Behtareen Islami Tareeqa 1. Taqwa, Taubah aur Apne Nafs Ki Islah ke Saath Naya Saal Shuru Karen : Muharram Islamik calendar ka pehla mahina hai. Jab saal naya shuru hota hai, to ye waqt hota hai khud ko dekhne ka, apni ghaltiyon par nazar karne ka, aur Allah se sachchi taubah karne ka. Niyyat karein ki "Ya Allah! Main is saal sirf Tera ban kar rahunga, gunahon se door rahunga, aur sirf Tujh se dosti rakhunga." 2. Ashura (10 Muharram) Ke Roze Rakhna Sunnat Hai : Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya: ~ 8 ~ "Main Allah se umeed rakhta hoon ke Ashura ka roza ek saal ke guzre hue gunahon ka kaffara banega." (Saheeh Muslim: 1162) (aur yaad rakhye Nabi ka gumaan bhi yaqeen ke darje me hota hai) Roza sirf 10 Muharram ko na rakhein, balki 9 aur 10 Muharram , ya 10 aur 11 Muharram ka roza rakhein , Taake hum yahoodiyon ki mushabahat se bach sakein. (kyunki wo log sirf ek hi din roza rakhte the) 3. Imam Hussain (RA) Aur Shohada - e - Karbala Ko Yaad Karein : Imam Hussain (RA) ne humein yeh sabak diya ke Haq ke liye khade ho jao , Zulm ke aage kabhi na jhuko aur gar Islam ko bachaane ke liye jaan bhi dena pade to peeche na hato Dua karein ki " Ya Allah! Mujhe sabar karne walon aur haq par qaayim rahne walon me se bana. " 4. Quran aur Seerat - e - Hussain ka Mutala Karein : Is mahine mein Quran ki wo aayatein padhein jo sabr, shahaadat, taqwa aur haq ke liye ladne ki taleem deti hain . Aur khaas kar Imam Hussain (RA), Hazrat Ali (RA), Bibi Zainab (RA) ki zindagi ka ghoor - o - fikr ke saath mutala karein . Aur unki sawaneh ko khoob padhe aur apne imaan ko taaza karen. 5. Rona Hai To Apne Gunahon Par Roen, Na Ke Rasmon Par : Rona sirf us waqt maqbool hota hai jab wo Allah ke dar se ho, ya jab banda apne gunahon par nadamat mehsoos kare. Na ke Seena koobi , Noha , Qameez phaadna , Zanjeer zani wagerah. Ye sab Islam mein haram aur Jahiliyat ke kaam hain. (Bukhari, Muslim) Aaj agar hum sach mein Imam Hussain (RA) se mohabbat rakhte hain, to unka tareeqa apnaayein – Salah (Namaz) , Sabr, Haq aur Deen ki hifazat. 7. Apne Ghar ke Bachon aur Aurton Ko Deeni Tareeqe se Taalim Dein : Unhein dhol tamaashe mein le jaane ke bajaye Unhein Quran padhna sikhayein , Imam Hussain (RA) ki asal qurbani ka matlab samjhayen aur Bataayein ke Islam sirf jazbaat ka nahi, amal ka deen hai 8. Muharram ko Amal ka Mahina Banayein – Sirf Gham Ka Nahi : Imam Hussain (RA) ne humein sirf qurbani ka sabak nahi diya, balki amal ka raasta bhi bataya Namaz ki pabandi , Haq ki himayat , Zulm ke khilaaf awaz uthana , Deen ki khidmat wageah. ~ 9 ~ 9. Sadqa, Khairat aur Yateemon ki Madad – Sunnat - e - Hussain aur Hasan (RA) : Agar aap Imam Hussain (RA) se sachcha pyaar karte hain to Kisi gareeb ka khayal rakhein , Kisi bemaar ki madad karein , Kisi yateem ka haath tham lein Yehi asal Sunnat - e - Hussain hai 10. Muharram Ko Tableegh Aur Islah Ka Zariya Banayein : Aisi majlis karein jisme Ilm ho , Sunnat ka paighaam ho , Shirk aur bid‘at se doori ho aur Qurani ayat aur sahih hadees ka zikr ho Akhri Naseehat: Hussaini banne ka matlab sirf seena peetna nahi, balki haq ke liye zinda rehna, baatil ke khilaaf awaz uthana, aur deen ko apni zindagi mein laana hai.”