GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management A Global Perspective GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management A Global Perspective Edited by Martin van Maarseveen, Javier Martinez, and Johannes Flacke CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-50555-1 (Hardback) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-315-14663-8 (eBook) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to pub- lish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com v Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................vii Editors ...............................................................................................................................................ix List of Contributors ...........................................................................................................................xi Chapter 1 GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management: A Global Perspective............. 1 Martin van Maarseveen, Javier Martinez, and Johannes Flacke PART I The ‘Sustainable City’ and the ‘Inclusive City’ Chapter 2 A Planning Support Tool for Scenario Analysis of Low Carbon Transport Plans in a Data-Poor Context ....................................................................................... 9 Rehana Shrestha, Mark Zuidgeest, and Johannes Flacke Chapter 3 A Collaborative Planning Framework to Support Sustainable Development: The Case of Municipal Housing in Guatemala City .................................................. 29 Jose Morales, Johannes Flacke, and Javier Martinez Chapter 4 An Exploration of Environmental Quality in the Context of Multiple Deprivations: The Case of Kalyan–Dombivli, India.................................................. 45 Shubham Mishra, Monika Kuffer, Javier Martinez, and Karin Pfeffer Chapter 5 Relationships between Outdoor Walking Levels and Neighbourhood Built- Environment Attributes: The Case of Older Adults in Birmingham, UK ................. 63 Razieh Zandieh, Johannes Flacke, Javier Martinez, and Martin van Maarseveen Chapter 6 Knowledge Co-Production and Social Learning on Environmental Health Issues: A Role for Interactive GIS-Based Approaches............................................... 83 Rehana Shrestha, Johannes Flacke, Javier Martinez, and Martin van Maarseveen Chapter 7 Role of Public Spaces in Promoting Social Interaction in Divided Cities: The Case of Nicosia, Cyprus.................................................................................... 103 Marija Kukoleca, Ana Mafalda Madureira, and Javier Martinez Chapter 8 Spatial Variability of Urban Quality of Life in Kirkos Sub-City (Addis Ababa) .... 121 Elsa Sereke Tesfazghi, Javier Martinez, and Jeroen Verplanke Chapter 9 City Morphology and Women’s Perception of Travel: A Case Study for Istanbul, Turkey ........................................................................................................ 141 Jowan Khorsheed, Mark Zuidgeest, and Monika Kuffer vi Contents Chapter 10 Children’s Perception of Their City Centre: A Qualitative GIS Methodological Investigation in a Dutch City .................................................................................... 163 Haifa AlArasi, Javier Martinez, and Sherif Amer Chapter 11 The Street as a Binding Factor: Measuring the Quality of Streets as Public Space within a Fragmented City: The Case of Msasani Bonde la Mpunga, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ................................................................................................. 183 Bolatito Dayo-Babatunde, Javier Martinez, Monika Kuffer, and Alphonce Gabriel Kyessi PART II The ‘Compact-Competitive City’ and the ‘Resilient City’ Chapter 12 Modelling Urban Growth in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal ....................................205 Sunita Duwal, Sherif Amer, and Monika Kuffer Chapter 13 Stakeholder-Based Assessment: Multiple Criteria Analysis for Designing Cycle Routes for Different Target Populations ....................................... 225 Amy Butler, Mark Brussel, Martin van Maarseveen and Glen Koorey Chapter 14 Post-Resettlement Socio-Economic Dynamics: The Case of Ahmedabad, India ...... 245 Rushikesh Kotadiya, Monika Kuffer, Richard Sliuzas, and Sejal Patel Chapter 15 Planning for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Using a TOD Index ................ 267 Yamini Jain Singh, Johannes Flacke, Mark Zuidgeest, and Martin van Maarseveen Chapter 16 Performance Preferences and Policies in Urban Water Supply in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.......................................................................................... 283 Yohannes Kinskij Boedihardja, Mark Brussel, Frans van den Bosch, and Anna Grigolon Chapter 17 Simulating Spatial Patterns of Urban Growth in Kampala, Uganda, and Its Impact on Flood Risk ............................................................................................... 295 Eduardo Pérez-Molina, Richard Sliuzas, and Johannes Flacke Chapter 18 Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) for the Spatial Planning of Flood Evacuation Shelters in Jakarta, Indonesia ................................................................307 Adya Ninggar Laras Kusumo, Diana Reckien, and Jeroen Verplanke Chapter 19 Towards Equitable Urban Residential Resettlement in Kigali, Rwanda .................. 325 Alice Nikuze, Richard Sliuzas, and Johannes Flacke Index .............................................................................................................................................. 345 vii Acknowledgments We want to thank all those individuals and organizations that have supported the development of this book. In particular, we acknowledge our colleagues – as well as MSc and PhD alumni – at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) at the University of Twente, the Netherlands, for their input and support during the conceptualization, writing, review and editing phases of the book. We would especially like to thank Emile Dopheide for his contribution in a very first stage of preparation of the book, Petra Weber for facilitating the communication among authors, Andre da Silva Mano for developing a set of exercises in QGIS that complement several of the case studies in the book and Ian Cressie for the author’s editing of the English text. Further thanks go to the PGM department of ITC for funding and to the Open Science Fund of the University of Twente for co-funding the open access publication of the book. We also want to acknowledge collaborating researchers, institutions and host organizations that provided support during the fieldwork, writing and review stages. Of course, we very much want to thank the authors – coming from the Global South and Global North – of each chapter for their dedication and perseverance during the develop- ment of their chapters. Through their close links with scientific and professional research projects, all are experts in GIS applications in the field of urban planning and management. Motivated, on the one hand, by the urgency of the new urban agenda set down in Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and, on the other, by the current potential and accessibil- ity of Geographic Information Systems, collectively the chapters’ authors set out to study, design, implement and evaluate alternative methods and solutions in different contexts, thereby meeting the responsibility of the research community for contributing to the process needed to achieve the UN goal. This collaborative effort has produced a book that consolidates practice-based knowledge in a form that will help to train – and, we hope, inspire – practitioners in, and newcomers to, the field, and in so doing will disseminate and amplify the impact of GIS applications in urban planning and management. ix Editors Martin van Maarseveen is Emeritus Professor in the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) at the University of Twente, the Netherlands. He holds an MSc (cum laude) in Applied Mathematics and a PhD in Stochastic Systems and Control Theory. He was for almost ten years a senior researcher in transport planning and traffic management at the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) in Delft. Following on from his interest in policy studies and information science, he was one of the founders of the multidisciplinary school of Civil Engineering and Management at the University of Twente and was Chair of Strategic Transport Planning and Sustainable Transport Development. In 2008 he was appointed full Professor in Management of Urban–Regional Dynamics at ITC, where he developed an interest in the applica- tion of geo-information science in the field of urban planning and management. He has extensive experience in land-use transport interactions, urban planning and management, transport modeling and assessment and data analysis. He has been involved in scientific projects and capacity-building activities in many countries across Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America, and has authored more than 250 scientific and professional publications. Since 2003 he has been a guest lecturer at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He retired from ITC/University of Twente in June 2018. Javier Martinez is Assistant Professor in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo- Information Management within the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, the Netherlands. He is also coordinator of the Urban Planning and Management specialization of the two-year master’s degree in geo-information science and earth observation. He graduated as an architect from the Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Design of Rosario National University (UNR), Argentina, and earned his MSc in Geo-Information for Urban Planning from ITC. He earned his PhD from the Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, for his thesis Monitoring Intra-Urban Inequalities with GIS-Based Indicators: With a Case Study in Rosario, Argentina. Between 1999 and 2001, he worked in Argentina in the Office of Strategic Planning in Rosario (PER) designing its Urban Indicators System. His research, publications and training experience are focused on the application of GIS, mixed methods and indicators for pol- icy-making, urban poverty and quality-of-life and intra-urban inequalities. From 2010 up until November 2014, he was Co-Coordinator of the Network-Association of European Researchers on Urbanization in the South (N-AERUS). Since 2017, he has been a member of the board of directors of the International Society of Quality of Life Studies (ISQOLS). Johannes Flacke is Assistant Professor for Spatial Planning and Decision Support Systems in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management in the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, the Netherlands. He earned a degree in Geography from Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, and earned his PhD in Geosciences at the Ruhr-University Bochum in 2002 with a dissertation on information systems based on spatial indicators for promoting sustainable land use. Before joining ITC in 2007, he worked as a post-doc researcher in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, TU Dortmund University, Germany. He has more than 20 years of theoretical and practical experience in urban and regional planning in the Global South and Global North for the development and use of geo- information and planning support systems. Fields of application include land use planning, informal settlements, environmental health-related inequalities, climate-change adaptation, hazard and risk management and poverty alleviation and targeting. His research focuses on the transformation of urban areas into sustainable and resilient places for all. Since 2010, he has been the manager of ITC’s Group Decision Room, an interactive lab at the University of Twente for researching stake- holder participation in collaborative planning and decision making. xi List of Contributors Haifa AlArasi Department of Geography and Planning University of Toronto Toronto, Canada Sherif Amer University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Yohannes Kinskij Boedihardja Program Manager at Indika Foundation Jakarta, Indonesia Frans van den Bosch University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Mark Brussel University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Amy Butler Storm Water Assistant, City of Missoula Missoula, Montana, United States Bolatito Dayo-Babatunde Federal Capital Territory Administration Department of Development Control Abuja, Nigeria Sunita Duwal Genesis Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal Johannes Flacke University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Anna Grigolon University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Jowan Khorsheed Architecture Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Duhok Duhok, Iraq Glen Koorey ViaStrada Ltd. Christchurch, New Zealand Rushikesh Kotadiya Indubhai Parekh School of Architecture Rajkot, India Monika Kuffer University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Marija Kukoleca Booking.com B.V. Amsterdam, the Netherlands Adya Ninggar Laras Kusumo Department of City Planning, Jakarta Capital City Government Jakarta, Indonesia Alphonce Kyessi Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Martin van Maarseveen University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Ana Mafalda Madureira University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Javier Martinez University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Shubham Mishra Urban Narratives New Delhi, India Jose Morales SIM-CI Holding B.V. The Hague, the Netherlands xii List of Contributors Alice Nikuze University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Sejal Patel CEPT University Ahmedabad, India Eduardo Pérez-Molina University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Karin Pfeffer University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Diana Reckien University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Rehana Shrestha University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Yamini Jain Singh Planit Enschede, the Netherlands Richard Sliuzas University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Elsa Sereke Tesfazghi Pro-Hulegeb Socio-Economics and Geographic Data Gathering and Analysis Centre Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Jeroen Verplanke University of Twente Enschede, the Netherlands Razieh Zandieh University of Manchester Manchester, UK Mark Zuidgeest University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa 1 1 GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management A Global Perspective Martin van Maarseveen, Javier Martinez, and Johannes Flacke 1.1 URBANIZATION, URBAN PLANNING AND GIS Over the last few decades, the world has seen an increased gathering of its population in urban areas. This trend is far from new. Indeed, its persistence is marked by a remarkable increase in the absolute number of urban dwellers worldwide (UN-HABITAT, 2016). While in 1990 43% (2.3 billion) of the world’s population lived in urban areas, by 2015 this had grown to 54% (4 billion). And it continues to increase: aggregated predictions of the United Nations indicate that by 2050 the share of urban population is expected to reach 66% (UNDESA, 2014). Although this figure needs to be interpreted with caution due to inconsistencies in definitions and data availability, it emphasizes the urgent need to pay serious attention to this trend and to consider the positive and negative social, economic and environmental consequences carefully. Urbanization fosters economic growth and is generally associated with greater productivity and a better quality of life for all. Nevertheless, urbanization also often brings with it urban sprawl, environmental degradation, poor living conditions and severe problems of accessibility. The unceasing migration of rural population to urban regions follows on from the relative attrac- tiveness of cities. Cities provide a wide variety of opportunities and offer a large number of facilities and services – opportunities for generating income, finding a job, pursuing education, accessing health care services, visiting social and cultural events and so forth. Moreover, most urban infra- structures are better developed than their rural counterparts, although it must be noted that some urban dwellers cannot access or benefit from these infrastructures. Although virtually no region of the world can report a decrease in urbanization, the increase in urban population has not been evenly spread. Nowadays, the highest growth rates can be found in Asia and Africa, in particular in less-developed regions and in middle- and low-income countries. This presents a major challenge to building and sustaining adequate infrastructure and public ser- vices for these growing populations. Along with increases in urban population, the land area occu- pied by cities is increasing at an even higher rate. Projections for the period 2000–2030 indicate that the urban population in developing countries will double, while the area occupied by their cities will triple (Angel et al., 2011). Urban planning and management is the technical, social and political process concerned with the design, development and maintenance of land use in an urban environment, which includes atten- tion to air and water quality and the infrastructure into and out of urban areas (e.g. transportation, communication and distribution networks). Urban planning encompasses activities such as strate- gic thinking, research and analysis, public consultation, urban design and policy implementation, CONTENTS 1.1 Urbanization, Urban Planning and GIS ....................................................................................1 1.2 Aim and Content of the Book ...................................................................................................3 References ..........................................................................................................................................6 2 GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management whereas urban management mostly consists of tactical and operational issues related to the performance and maintenance of an urban system. The reality of urbanization generates some chal- lenges, among them low-density suburbanization – largely steered by private rather than public interest, and partly facilitated by dependence on car ownership. Urbanization is also energy inten- sive, contributing dangerously to climate change. Moreover, it generates multiple forms of inequali- ties, exclusion and deprivation. Often, such urban challenges are exacerbated by urbanization that has been poorly planned and managed. The key objective of adequate urban planning and manage- ment is, therefore, to overcome and eradicate the dysfunctions and discontinuities of development. This fits seamlessly with the new Urban Agenda of the United Nations, in particular Goal 11 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (United Nations, 2017). Since 1990, a number of different concepts have made their entry into the domain of urban plan- ning and management: sustainability, inclusiveness, compactness, competitiveness and resilience. There is no complete agreement on the definition for what a sustainable city should be, nor is there complete agreement upon which components should be included in the paradigm. Generally, developmental experts agree that a sustainable city should meet the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. In practice, urban planning in a sustainable city aims to minimise the required inputs of energy, water and food, and the necessary output of waste as well as air and water pollution (Vojnovic, 2014). As such, urban sustainability is a kind of container concept that overlaps with most of the other, later developed concepts. The emergence of slums and social ghettos (gated communities, for example), as well as the very distinct social (and spatial) divisions found within cities, has contributed to the development of the concept of the inclusive city. An inclusive city aims to include all citizens in its economic development, political life and access to political power in order to combat exclusion and provide opportunities for the economic and social improvement of the lives of its citizens. The inclusive city is strongly linked with the concepts of justice, equity, democracy and diversity (Fainstein, 2014). The compact city is an urban planning concept that promotes high residential density along with mixed land use. This concept is based on an efficient public transport system and an urban layout that encourages walking and cycling (Burton et al., 2016). There is some empirical evidence that compact cities tend to have lower car use. A competitive city is one that successfully facilitates its firms and indus- tries to create jobs, raise productivity and, over time, provide income growth for citizens. From an urban planning perspective, it is important to be familiar with factors that help to attract, retain and expand the private sector (World Bank, 2015). A resilient city is one that assesses, plans and acts to prepare for and respond to hazards – natural and anthropogenic, sudden and slow in onset, expected and unexpected. Resilient cities are better positioned to protect and enhance people’s lives, to secure development gains and to foster a reliable investment climate (UN-HABITAT, 2018). In one way or another, all concepts of the city as described above appear in the elaboration of Sustainable Development Goal 11. Information, particularly spatial information, plays a fundamental role in the practice of urban planning and management. Most information used by planners is geographic in the sense that it makes use of topographic maps or is linked to a geographic location through a coordinate refer- ence, a street address or an administrative area. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is an information system that integrates, stores, edits, analyses, shares and displays spatial or geographic information. Over the past few decades, these systems have become an increasingly familiar aspect of urban design and planning practice (Maliene et al., 2011). Modern GIS software, hardware and databases are becoming more available to ordinary users, although the complexity of the more powerful applications means accessibility is still a problem. As the range of applications is continu- ally expanding, interest is also constantly growing among planners. The increasing use of GISs in urban planning and design holds the promise of enabling a higher quality of quantitative and qualitative data analysis, thereby improving the evidence base of decision-making as well as the knowledge base of the decision-making process itself – all factors upon which delivering such 3 GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management an aspirational, but highly complex, policy goal as Sustainable Development Goal 11 ultimately depends. Current progress in GIS technology has created favourable conditions for the development of solution-supporting systems at all stages in the planning and design process – although there is still much work to be done if its promised utility is to be realised (Maliene et al., 2011). With respect to planning support systems, this has been dubbed the implementation gap (Geertman, 2017). 1.2 AIM AND CONTENT OF THE BOOK GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management: A Global Perspective explores and illus- trates the capacity that geo-information and GISs have to inform practitioners and other participants in the processes of the planning and management of urban regions. The chapters have been grouped according to the nature and applications of the cases, which correspond with current enquiries about and/or normative visions of the ‘Sustainable City’ and the ‘Inclusive City’ (Part I); and the ‘Compact–Competitive City’ and the ‘Resilient City’ (Part II). Part I starts with the sustainability concept. Although this concept has been around for some time, and there is no common understanding of its components, it is still a useful concept for prac- titioners and students as it raises awareness of the multi-faceted nature of development and pro- motes understanding of the variety of connotations the word development encompasses. The idea of sustainable development is still very much central in the new development agenda of the United Nations, and in that sense, it is of particular importance for students from both the Global South and Global North. The cases/geo-applications presented in Part I illustrate ways of measuring sus- tainability and its value in the arena of urban policy. Another key scientific and policy issue is the creation of inclusive cities. The cases presented in this book analyse, evaluate and (aim to) improve the position of disadvantaged groups in society in terms of their overall well-being and prospects and their access to basic services. Part II acknowledges that urban planning relates to how we shape our cities. Where do we posi- tion the various functions of a city to achieve our strategic objectives? The cases presented in this part examine a variety of spatial configurations in cities, the spread of activities and the demands placed on their transport systems. This understanding, in a context of dynamic urban growth, relates to the compact city view. The cases/geo-applications deal with relevant theories and practical appli- cations of land use and transport models that help to analyse and quantify the current situation and future development scenarios. Another relevant discussion in a globalizing world economy is that cities are increasingly challenged to be competitive and offer an appealing living environment, affordable housing, attractive conditions for businesses and a wide range of accessible services. The cases presented in Part II make use of a variety of economic and environmental appraisal techniques. Part II also focuses on the recognition that urban dwellers are increasingly under threat from natural and anthropogenic hazards. Cities need to develop strategies for making choices that avoid high levels of hazard and target development in ways that limit risks and make them manageable. The cases/geo-applications we present show the relevance of understanding and analysing urban risk to give direction to spatial planning so that cities become more resilient. Resilience in this con- text is understood to be the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from the effects of a disaster in a timely and efficient manner, including their ability to restore essential basic structures and functions. The case studies we selected for this book come from the research program ‘People, Land and Urban Systems’ in the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) of the University of Twente, in the Netherlands. Under this program, dynamic interactions in space and time between people, land and urban systems are studied in both a quantitative and qualitative manner using geo-information technology. For specific topics in land administration and land management under this program, readers are referred to the book Advances in Responsible Land Administration (Zevenbergen et al., 2016). 4 GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management TABLE 1.1 Overview of the Book: Chapters, Case Studies, Planning Topics and Cities Chapter Title Keywords City 2 Part I: the ‘Sustainable City’ & the ‘Inclusive City’ A Planning Support Tool for Scenario Analysis of Low Carbon Transport Plans in a Data-Poor Context Low-carbon development, low-carbon transport, planning support systems, scenario analysis, sustainable transport Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), Nepal 3 A Collaborative Planning Framework to Support Sustainable Development: The Case of Municipal Housing in Guatemala City Collaborative planning framework, sustainable development, housing Guatemala City, Guatemala 4 An Exploration of Environmental Quality in the Context of Multiple Deprivations: The Case of Kalyan-Dombivli, India Multiple deprivation, urban environment, environmental quality, remote sensing, spatial indicators Kalyan-Dombivli, India 5 Relationships between Outdoor Walking Levels and Neighbourhood Built-Environment Attributes: The Case of Older Adults in Birmingham, UK Outdoor walking levels, neighbourhood built-environment, older adults Birmingham, UK 6 Knowledge Co-Production and Social Learning on Environmental Health Issues: A Role for Interactive GIS-Based Approaches Environmental health, interactive planning support, social learning, knowledge co-production Dortmund and Munich, Germany 7 Role of Public Spaces in Promoting Social Interaction in Divided Cities: The Case of Nicosia, Cyprus Divided cities, public spaces, social interaction, index Nicosia, Cyprus 8 Spatial Variability of Urban Quality of Life in Kirkos Sub-City (Addis Ababa) Quality of life, domains of life, spatial variability, Kirkos sub-city Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 9 City Morphology and Women’s Perception of Travel A Case Study for Istanbul, Turkey Urban morphology, urban mobility, gender-sensitive perception, safety Istanbul, Turkey 10 Children’s Perception of Their City Centre: A Qualitative GIS Methodological Investigation in a Dutch City Childhood geographies, qualitative GIS, child-friendly cities, physical environment, social environment Enschede, the Netherlands 11 The Street as a Binding Factor: Measuring the Quality of Streets as Public Space within a Fragmented City The Case of Msasani Bonde la Mpunga , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Urban fragments, streets, connectivity, public space, integration Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ( Continued ) 5 GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management TABLE 1.1 (CONTINUED) Overview of the Book: Chapters, Case Studies, Planning Topics and Cities Chapter Title Keywords City 12 Part II: the ‘Compact- Competitive City’ & the ‘Resilient City’ Modelling Urban Growth in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Urban-growth models, land-cover changes, infill, expansion Kathmandu Valley, Nepal 13 Stakeholder-Based Assessment: Multiple Criteria Analysis for Designing Cycle Routes for Different Target Populations Multi criteria analysis, target populations’ preferences, design of cycle routes Christchurch, New Zealand 14 Post-Resettlement Socio-Economic Dynamics: The Case of Ahmedabad, India Involuntary displacement, resettlement, socio- economic dynamics, urban poor Ahmedabad, India 15 Planning for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Using a TOD Index Transit Oriented Development (TOD), sustainable development, mode of travel City region Arnhem– Nijmegen, the Netherlands 16 Performance Preferences and Policies in Urban Water Supply in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Choice behaviour, water supply, characteristics and performance of different water sources, consumer behaviour, water provision choice Yogyakarta, Indonesia 17 Simulating Spatial Patterns of Urban Growth in Kampala, Uganda, and Its Impact on Flood Risk Land-use planning, flood-risk mitigation, scenario-based planning approach, impact of building densification, pattern of urban growth, flood risk Kampala, Uganda 18 Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) for the Spatial Planning of Flood Evacuation Shelters in Jakarta, Indonesia Volunteered geographic information (VGI), disaster management, spatial planning, flood evacuation shelters Jakarta, Indonesia 19 Towards Equitable Urban Residential Resettlement in Kigali, Rwanda Resettlement programmes, natural disasters, impoverishment risks, suitable resettlement sites, multi criteria analysis Kigali, Rwanda 6 GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management Integrated and participatory urban planning and management are multidisciplinary and require not only geographic databases but also local knowledge. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to local contexts and ensure public participation to get clear insight into the needs of local communities. The case studies come from cities all over the world and provide a global perspective of urban devel- opment. At least one city from every region of the world has been chosen: from Ahmedabad (India/ Asia) to Guatemala City (Guatemala/the Americas); from Christchurch (New Zealand/Oceania) to Enschede (Netherlands/Europe); from Kampala (Uganda/Africa) to Kathmandu (Nepal/Asia). Table 1.1 presents a brief overview of the topics and cities described. Each chapter in the book contains two boxes: one describes the geographic context of the case study; the other provides information about the methods applied. The overall aim of this book is to contribute to capacity development in using GIS for urban planning and management topics. With this in mind, in some of the chapters (Chapters 7, 10, 13, 15, 18 and 19) we have included exercises that enable readers to reproduce the analysis with QGIS open-source software. We have called these exercises Methodological Demonstrations because the focus is not to replicate results but to under- stand how the methods used in the chapters can be applied using open-source software tools. The datasets that accompany each of these methodological demonstrations are the same as those used by the chapter’s authors in order to emphasize the link between the rationale as it is explained in the chapter and the actual GIS operations that have to be performed. In this effort, we tried to adapt chapters that focus on different types of spatial analysis: qualitative GIS in the case of Enschede; mapping citizens’ perceptions in the cases of Christchurch and Nicosia; exploring crowdsourced data in the case of Jakarta; multi criteria analysis for transit accessibility in Arnhem and Nijmegen; and disaster risk assessment in Kigali. The methodological demonstrations and the datasets can be retrieved from https://www.itc.nl/pgm/urbangis. REFERENCES Angel, S., Parent, J., Civco, D. L., & Blei, A. M. (2011). Making Room for a Planet of Cities . Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Burton, E., Jenks, M., & Williams, K. (Eds.). (2016). The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form? London: Routledge. Fainstein, S. S. (2014). The just city. International Journal of Urban Sciences , 18 (1), 1–18. doi:10.1080/1226 5934.2013.834643 Geertman, S. (2017). PSS: Beyond the implementation gap. 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