Confidential Customized for Culminating Project Copy Right: Reva Furni @ Future Furniture Presentation : Reva Overview In todays time and age, as the Purchasing Power of consumers is increasing more and more efficient ways of delivering convenience is being innovated by Food distribution and FMGC companies. Though, convenience is the major driving force, but it comes with its set of challenges. Case under demonstrating is an approach to handle the improper waste management, handling and recycling of non - biodegradable waste, specifically “ Tetra Pak” into Furniture for Future. Problems to solve 1 Critical aspects considered towards reducing environmental damage 2 Reduction/saving of usage of wood/particle board for making furniture. Thus, resulting in saving Tress, which in long run supports the theory of Soil Erosion. Reduction of waste Tetra Pak’s, hence reducing garbage handling and waste management. Project objective Unawareness about proper disposal of cartons ( Tetra Paks) post consumption, leading to Immense wastage of useful products which otherwise can be converted to useful day to day commodities like furniture. Sales by Geography (% of total sales): Source: https://www.tetrapak.com/about/facts - figures Geography % of Total Sale Europe & Central Asia 28 Americas 26 Asia Pacific 35 Greater Middle East & Africa 11 Market Data about MSW - India Market Data - MSW 01 839000 K gs/day Municipal Solid Waste produced in Delhi in 2014 839 tons of municipal solid waste is produced in delhi ncr region each day with a recycling rate of only 16% 9300 kgs/day Tetra paks in Delhi in 2014 Out of which 9.3 tons are the post consumption tetra pak waste QUICK TIP 3408 tons/annum Consumption of Tetra Paks in Delhi in 2014 Goal 1. Educating consumers and others in the entire Waste Chain. 2. Re - incarnation of the post consumption Tetra Paks. 3. Fabrication of Furniture 4. Day to Day commodity. CONSUMER RAGPICKER SCRAP DEALERS WASTE AGGREGATOR RECYCLER Why Tetra Paks 1. The PCCs comprise of virgin paper which is not contaminated. The pulp fibers of PCC are unbleached, long and have strength that is desirable for a good quality industrial paper, making them suitable for wide array of applications. 2. Recycling of PCCs contributes to the well being of the environment as it helps on saving natural resources. 3. Reduces the need and space required for landfilling of waste and help in implementing the idea of a closed loop economy (www.tetrapakrecycling.co.uk). 4. Also in a fibre scarce country like India recycling of PCCs proves to be quite useful. It has a better disposal value as it can be refurbished and made into a new product. Proposed solution - The furniture Tetra Paks are a non biodegradable resource. A high pressure [approx. 2000 psi] is required to compress Tetra Paks. I will be recycling Tetra Paks by manufacturing furniture out of them. I will so by flattening tetra packs’ and compressing them through machines available to Indian Pollution Control Association to obtain a hard sheet through which we plan to make furniture. 0 1 0 2 Process Flow Conceptualised the idea of helping the world through managing and upcycling waste. I tried to make a simple plastic box by melting plastic I realised that burning plastic was not just illegal but also hazardous for our own bodies. I started looking for alternative waste materials that could be upcycled. Then I realised that Tetra Paks make for really good raw material as they are not only available in huge amounts but also are pretty useful. Then I decided to create a wood like furniture board from Tetra Paks . Rise in Tetra pack consumption • Gurgaon population rising rapidly due to urbanization and migration o Better job opportunities o Infrastructure development – Delhi Metro o World class education facilities – School, colleges o Connectivity to Delhi National Capital region o Urbanization • Rise in population leading to increasing Total Waste generation every year • More population will mean increase in usage of Tetra packs every year • The relationship of 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 Gurgaon Population Growth over the years Source: http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/gurgaon - population.html Secondary data : Urbanization leading to rise in Tetra pack consumption as well as total waste generation City Consumption of Tetra pack MT/year Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Chennai 601 4500 Kolkata 733 5372 Mumbai 1841 7025 Delhi 3408 8390 ● Main source of population hike is employment related migration - which directly enhances per capita income of the city ● Because of this per capita income hike, total tetra pack consumption and total waste generation are related to population hike by more than linear degree. ● The given data is for major Cities of India. We can observe here that the city for which tetra pack consumption is high, the total waste generation is also higher. They are directly proportional. ● We can form a function to trace this trend and then this trend can be extrapolated for our city of focus, i.e. Gurgaon Source: Grover, Latika . “ OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE STATUS OF POST CONSUMER USE OF TETRA PAK CARTONS - A Case Study of Tetra Pak Carton Recycling in Delhi” Master Thesis, Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, New Delhi, 2016 (Report attached here) Web Link to Abstract: https://www.terisas.ac.in/abstract.php?id=1411&tbl=masters_research Scatter Plot - Tetra pack usage vs Total waste Generation ● From the data available for the above two variables, we created scatter plot in order to establish relationship between the two 601 , 4500 733 , 5372 1841 , 7025 3408 , 8390 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Tetra pack consumption (MT/annum) Few Standard algebraic models in order to match with available data From the available texts, we know that the behavior of graph of a polynomial function depends on number of roots (h) and multiplicity of each root (p) Typical polynomial equation with upto three roots can be – f(x) = a(x - h1) p1 (x - h2) p2 (x - h3) p3 Depending on multiplicity of root, the intersection with x axis will be different • If the graph crosses the x - axis and appears almost linear at the intercept, it is a single zero. • If the graph touches the x - axis and bounces off of the axis, it is a zero with even multiplicity. • If the graph crosses the x - axis at a zero, it is a zero with odd multiplicity. • The sum of the multiplicities is the degree n Joining the scatter Plot ● If we join our scatter plot, we can observe that at one place, graph cuts x axis as straight line and at another place it touches and bounces back 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Tetra pack consumption (MT/annum) Deducing Final Algebraic Model f(x) = a(x - h1) 1 (x - h2) 1 (x - h3) 1 Hence from example shown in previous page, the standard equation can be deduced to - Considering the factors of polynomial The standard equation can be modified f(x) = (7400 - 950)+a(x - 850) 1 (x - 2670) 2 Value of a can be calculated by using any known coordinate of the curve i.e. (601,4500) 4500 = (7400 - 950)+a(601 - 850) 1 (601 - 2670) 2 => a = (6450 - 4500)/1071225000 = 1.82 x 10 6 Finally deduced polynomial function will be f(x) = 6450 + 1.82 x 10 - 6 (x - 850) 1 (x - 2670) 2 Restriction on the domain of the function f(x) = 6450 + 1.82 x 10 - 6 (x - 850) 1 (x - 2670) 2 The deduced function is a polynomial function of degree 3 From the available data, we can deduce that this polynomial function will have – Lower limit of domain = 0 (has to be non negative) Upper limit of Domain = 100000 * Upper limit of tetra pack consumption can not be infinite because the raw material it is made of are finite e.g. trees, water etc. Hence for practical purpose of this analysis, we can consider an upper limit of 100000 (30 times the current level) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Tetra pack consumption (MT/annum) Graph of Deduced Algebraic model Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Tetra pack consumption (MT/annum) 500 , 3,450 601 , 4,510 733 , 5,651 1000 , 7,211 1500 , 8,069 1841 , 7,690 2000 , 7,390 2500 , 6,537 3000 , 6,876 3408 , 8,986 3500 , 9,773 - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Total Waste Generation (MT/day) Tetra pack Consumption (MT/annum) Total Waste Generation (MT/day) 500 3,450 601 4,510 733 5,651 1000 7,211 1500 8,069 1841 7,690 2000 7,390 2500 6,537 3000 6,876 3408 8,986 3500 9,773 Note: Values marked in orange are the original values from which the algebraic model was deduced For calculation of values from this algebraic model, please refer the google sheet in given link - xxxxxxxxx Sample calculation of one f(x) value from a random x value – Using the Deduced Function Given, tetra pack consumption for a particular year was 3900 MT Calculating the value of f(x), average waste generation per day for that year f(x) = 6450 + 1.82 x 10 - 6 (x - 850) 1 (x - 2670) 2 f(x) = 6450 + 1.82 x 10 - 6 (3900 - 850) 1 (3900 - 2670) 2 f(x) = 6450 + 1.82 x 10 - 6 x 3050 x 1512900 f(x) = 6450 + 8398.11 = 14848.11 MT per day With the equation, we can calculate daily average waste by knowing the tetra packs consumed by particular city in that year